نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

• فاطمه شکاری

استادیار گروه مدیریت گردشگری و هتلداری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

گردشگری از یک سو، می‏تواند سبب تقویت و از سوی دیگر، منجر به کمرنگ شدن هویت‏های ملی-قومی گردد. بعلاوه، هویت ملی-قومی از جمله موانع در مقابل روند سریع همگون شدن فرهنگ ها تحت تاثیر جهانی شدن است. با توجه به بیش از پنج دهه مطالعه پیرامون گردشگری و هویت ملی-قومی، و فقدان مرور جامع پژوهش‏های پیشین، هدف از مطالعه حاضر مرور کمی این پژوهش‏ها با استفاده از تحلیل کتاب‏سنجی بوده است. برای این منظور، تحلیل عملکرد و ترسیم نقشه علم 383 سند نمایه شده در پایگاه اسکوپوس با استفاده از نرم افزارVOSviewer_1.6.18 به منظور شناخت ساختار اجتماعی و مفهومی پژوهش‏ها انجام شد. یافته‏ها نشان داد که گردشگری میراث بویژه در میان مهاجران، بازنمایی هویت ملی-قومی در میان گردشگران خروجی و بازنمایی هویت ملی-قومی مقصد از طریق گردشگری از جمله موضوع‏های پژوهشهای دهه اخیر بوده اند که می‏توانند در مطالعات آتی نیز مورد توجه قرار بگیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تحلیل کتاب‏ سنجی
• گردشگری
• هویت ملی
• هویت قومی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Tourism and National–Ethnic Identities: A Bibliometric Analysis

نویسنده [English]

• Fatemeh Shekari

Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Tourism can both strengthen and undermine national–ethnic identities on the one hand, but on the other hand it can lead to their gradual disappearance. National–ethnic identities also pose a challenge to the rapid homogenization of cultures caused by globalization. In spite of more than five decades of research on tourism and national–ethnic identity, there is a research gap given the lack of a comprehensive review of the literature. In this respect, the present study aimed to conduct a quantitative literature review using bibliometric analysis. In order to understand the social and conceptual structure of the research field, the study used VOSviewer_1.6.18 software to carry out performance analysis and science mapping of 383 documents indexed in the Scopus database. The findings indicate that in the last decade, heritage tourism (particularly among diaspora and immigrants), the representation of outbound tourists’ national–ethnic identity, and the representation of destinations’ national–ethnic identity through tourism were among the most popular research topics worthy of further consideration in future studies.
 
Introduction
Tourism can leave dual effects on national –ethnic identities. Not only can it strengthen the collective national–ethnic identities, but also  as one of the drivers of cultural globalization, it can accelerate the disappearance of such identities. In addition, national–ethnic identity poses an obstacle to the rapid cultural homogenization caused by globalization. In spite of more than five decades of research on tourism and national–ethnic identity, there is a research gap given the lack of a comprehensive and systematic review of the literature. To address this gap, the present study aimed to conduct a quantitative literature review using bibliometric analysis.
 
Materials and Methods
The statistical population of the study consisted of documents in the field of national–ethnic identity and tourism that were indexed in the Scopus database. A systematic search in the Scopus database on December 23, 2021, resulted in 338 records, including journal articles, book chapters, and conference papers with national identity or ethnic identity and tourism in their title, abstract, or keywords. Performance analysis and science mapping using VOSviewer_1.6.18 software were conducted in order to identify the most influential documents, authors, sources, institutions, and countries, and also to understand the social and conceptual structure of the research field.
 
Results and Discussion
The results showed that research on national–ethnic identity and tourism has significantly increased since 1976, with the most of articles published in 2021. The most influential documents, in order of their normalized citations, were‏ Packer et al. (2019), Park (2010), Wang et al. (2021), and Zhang et al. (2018). The US, the UK, and Australia had the highest number of documents and citations. The most influential authors, in order of their normalized citations, were morais d.b., smith a., bhandari k., and palmer c. Performance analysis also revealed the most influential sources and institutions. Citation analysis could identify the relationships among the most influential publications, and co-authorship analysis revealed the social structure of the research field based on interactions among authors, institutions, and countries. Moreover, co-word analysis revealed the following three clusters: heritage tourism and national identity, ethnic identity, and immigration and cultural identity, which were  categorized according to their themes.
 
Conclusion
The findings showed that the last decade has witnessed an increase in the research on heritage tourism among diaspora and immigrants. Additionally, the representation of outbound tourists’ national–ethnic identity and the representation of destinations’ national–ethnic identity through tourism were among the most popular research topics worthy of further consideration in future studies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Bibliometric analysis
• Ethnic identity
• National identity
• Tourism