نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• مریم محمودی ¹
• محمد چیذری ²
• خلیل کلانتری ³
• عبدالرضا رکن الدین افتخاری ⁴

¹ استادیار موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

² استاد دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

³ استاد پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

⁴ استاد، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر شناسایی برخی از عوامل تاثیرگذار بر توسعه خدمات مختلف گردشگری کشاورزی توسط باغداران مرکبات استان های حاشیه دریای خزر می باشد. ابزار جمع‌آوری اطلاعات در این پژوهش پرسشنامه بود. جامعه آماری این مطالعه باغداران مرکبات تک کارکردی و چندکارکردی در سه استان مازندران، گیلان و گلستان بود که به ترتیب با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای تصادفی با انتساب متناسب و روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس اقدام به نمونه‌گیری شد. تحلیل داده‌های جمع‌آوری شده در قالب آمار توصیفی و استنباطی با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS انجام شد. نتایج آزمون رگرسیون لجستیک به منظور تعیین متغیرهای پیش‌بینی-کننده تصمیم به ورود باغداران به ارائه خدمات گردشگری کشاورزی نشان داد که متغیرهای؛ شرکت در دوره‌های کارآفرینی، میزان دانش و مهارت در توسعه گردشگری کشاورزی، مهارت و روحیه کارآفرینی باغداران، و نگرش آنها نسبت به متنوع‌سازی فعالیت کشاورزی قادر به پیش‌بینی 7/66 درصد از تغییرات متغیر وابسته (پذیرش گردشگری کشاورزی) بوده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• کشاورزی چندکارکردی
• کشاورزی تک‌کارکردی
• بروندادهای کالایی و غیرکالایی
• گردشگری کشاورزی
• کارآفرینی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Influential Factors in Agritourism Development in Citrus Gardens: The Case of Coastal Provinces of the Caspian Sea

نویسندگان [English]

• Maryam Mahmoudi ¹
• Mohammad Chizari ²
• khalil kalantari ³
• Abdolreza Roknadin Eftekhari ⁴

¹ Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

² Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

³ Professor, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

⁴ Professor of Geography and Rural Planning, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
As one of the multifunctional agricultural strategies, agritourism refers to farming-related activities carried out on a working farm or other agricultural settings for recreational, tourism, and educational purposes (Arroyo et al., 2013). Despite the suitable conditions in the coastal provinces of the Caspian Sea, agritourism activities have not yet developed much in those areas. In this respect, the present study intended to investigate and identify the factors influencing the provision and development of tourism services by gardeners in the coastal provinces of the Caspian Sea, namely Golestan, Gilan, and Mazandaran.
Materials and Methods
The statistical population of this research included all multifunctional and monofunctional gardeners in Golestan, Gilan, and Mazandaran provinces. Using Cochran’s formula, the study calculated the sample size of monofunctional gardeners to be equal to 280 people (N=12004). A stratified random sampling method was to select the samples. Moreover, the research employed the estimation method since there was no valid data on the population size of gardeners providing agricultural tourism services (or multifunctional gardeners). For this purpose, the managers, officials, farmers, and village residents were interviewed, through which the statistical population of multifunctional gardeners was estimated to be 240 individuals. Using the Morgan sampling table, the study calculated the sample size to be 148 participants selected through convenience sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Cronbach’s alpha method was employed to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire. Considering the results of completing 30 pre-test questionnaires in Roknkola village located in Ghaemshahr city, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated to be higher than 0.7 for all sections of the questionnaire. Finally, the descriptive and inferential statistics (logistic regression test), done by SPSS software, were used to analyze the data.
Results and Discussion
This study showed that the relatively positive attitude of multifunctional gardeners providing agritourism services in their gardens towards agritourism whereas the monofunctional gardeners had a neutral perspective. The levels of knowledge and skills of monofunctional and multifunctional gardeners concerning agritourism development were moderate and high, respectively. According to the results, participation in  entrepreneurship training courses, the level of knowledge and skills in agritourism development, entrepreneurial skills and spirit, and gardeners’ attitude towards agritourism explained 66.7 percent of the dependent variable (provision of agritourism).
Conclusion
According the research results, the two variables of age and income level did not significantly affect the prediction of the variable of acceptance and implementation of tourism businesses. In contrast, the farmers’ entrepreneurial knowledge and skills were found to be one of the variables influencing the acceptance and implementation of multifunctional agriculture and diversification of agricultural activities, including the provision of agritourism services. Hence, it is recommended that the entrepreneurial skills of farmers be strengthened as a creative and innovative response to environmental changes, including agricultural multifunctionality. Other recommendations are: Organizing appropriate training courses to strengthen farmers’ skills and entrepreneurial spirit using a balanced combination of human and technical communication skills; providing entrepreneurship education in school, vocational schools, and agricultural colleges in order to introduce and strengthen the concept and spirit of entrepreneurship; training the entrepreneurial workforce in cooperation with Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agricultural Jihad, and non-governmental organizations; establishing a system of incentives (esp. financial incentives) or subsidies for the farmers who have a specific business management plan; and providing financial and monetary funding for the projects with a prerequisite for entrepreneurship education. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• multifunctional agriculture
• monofunctional agriculture
• agritourism
• commodity and non-commodity outputs
• entrepreneurship