Tourism Management Studies

Abstract Nowadays, the natural sources as a main ecotourism assets confront with
various challenges. Thus, evaluation of eco-tourist regions and bio ecology
functions in the course of decisions – making and economic policies is
accounted as a most important branches of development and planning of tourism
industry. The recreational region of Rudbar Qasran is one of the ecotourism
attractions of Shemiranat division located on Tehran and is accounted as one of
tourism destinations. Thus, to study it’s ecotourism value could be effective in
predication of demands and provision of defects as well as in development of
tourism.The research method is descriptive and the aim of the present research
is to estimate ecotourism value of Rudbar Qasran via conditional valuation.
Through Logit model and binary choice the effect of factors which affecting
willingness of tourists to spend to visit touristic attractions of the region. The
questionnaire The average willingness to pay by the tourists is about 7100 Rials
for any household for use of tourism services of Rudbar Qasran and with regard
to this level, the average recreational value of services and facilities of given
region is estimated to 3550 million Rials. Thus, concerning to high value of
given region, should be paid more attention to development of tourism and
promotion of visitor’s accommodations by planners.

Abstract Global warming caused by excessive consumption of fossil fuels and carbon
dioxide emissions is becoming the most important environmental issue in the
world. Tourism industry causes 5% of total carbon dioxide and 14% of total
green house of the world. Energy consumption in tourism is in direct relation
with tourists behaviors. To succeed in changing unsustainable behavior and
reinforce sustainable behavior should be aware of the factors affecting it. This
study explores the factors affecting the tourists’ intentions to conduct lowcarbon
behaviors from a Protection Motivation theory perspective. Population
of the study consists of Tehran citizens of district 1, which are selected by multi
Stage Cluster Sampling. A questionnaire was used to collecte data. For
analyzing collected data, structural equation modeling was used. Findings show
that variables of tourists “Perceived vulnerability”, “Perceived response
efficacy” and “Perceives self-efficacy” have the most effect on their low carbon
behavioral intention respectively

Abstract Evaluation of different parts of tourism will cause the optimized resource
allocation of development plans and strategies, thereupon evaluating these parts
has become essential in various destinations. Rural tourism consider as one of
the main forces of developing and welfare of rural economies. In such term,
rural tourism supply chain evaluation is regarded as one of the major strategies
for developing the rural area. Tourism supply chain evaluation states that how a
tourism product is manufactured and when and how will perform in tourists and
which outcome it will cause. Despite the undeniable importance of this issue,
there has not been any study devoted to tourism supply chain and investigating
its performance. This study will evaluate rural tourism supply chain with Data
Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in Mesr village, Iran, in 2015 and will offer
solutions in way of improvement and enrichment of its performance. The results
indicate that five factors of transportation, visitor information, accommodation,
infrastructures and attractions function properly and catering services,
Entertainment and shopping facilities have inappropriate functions in Mesr
tourism supply chain.

Abstract This study aimes to investigate the role of individual competencies of human
resources in the behavioral intentions of guests in 4-star hotels in Mazandaran.
The population of this study consists of tourists who have stayed there three
times during the year 1394. According to the study situation, sampling was
determined by Convenience Sampling and 247 usable questionnaires were
collected. Reliability and validity of the questionnaire was approved based on
Cronbach's Alpha and composite reliability and convergent validity were
accepted through Confirmatory Factor analysis. To investigate the hypotheses,
Pearson Correlation, Regression Analysis, method of Baron and Kenny, Sobel
test and Goodman test were used. Statistical techniques were performed through
SPSS23 and Lisrel8.5.The findings indicate that individual competencies of
human resources affect on behavioral intentions of guests in 4-star hotels in
Mazandaran province, and also, individual competencies of human resources
through guests’ satisfaction and perceived value Affect on behavioral intentions
of guests in 4-star hotels in Mazandaran province.

Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the tourist loyalty through data mining
approach. The study has exemined 880 domestic tourists who have stayed in
more than one night in four and five star hotels of Isfahan in spring and summer
2014 and 2015. SPSS and Clementine12 was used for data analysis.Also,
Mixture Algorithm PSO-KM was applied for tourism clustering.The results
showed that tourists can be classified in two categories. The first category have
a high average in length of communication with tourism and travel recency and
the cost and frequency of travel are less than average. Therefore, the customers
are loyal and uncertain. The second category has a high average in travel
recency and the length of communication with tourism, cost and frequency of
travel is less than average. Therefore the customers are new and uncertain.

Abstract Today’s Human is trapped in materialistic and physical changes, this fact has made him sick of repetition and routine 
Today’s Human is trapped in materialistic and physical changes, this fact has
made him sick of repetition and routine flow of life, this is while the two
dimensions of spirituality and physical aspect are inseparable from human
being, but seems like spirituality is being more and more ignored thus human is
seeking for the meanings and values to free himself of perplexity. Tourism as a
phenomenon is being known as a means of searching for meaning of being.
Modern Tourists differ from the traditional travellers, their curiosity conveys
them to seek, realize and reach to the level of awareness. Thus far, it is
undeniable that the huge number of studies had been focused on economic and
monetary impacts of tourism and less attended to the spiritual concepts of it.
This qualitative research investigates on re-defining and clarifying of the
spirituality concept through tourism and complements the achievements by
analyzing the English and Persian literature aligning with interviews of experts
in this field. The results of the research illustrate the tourism influence on the
expansion of spiritual aspects in tourists’ lives and the conceptual framework
classifies the findings through main factors and sub factors of spirituality in
tourism