Tourism Management Studies

Abstract The primary purpose of the research is to find the discursive strategies by
which Iranian managers and elite legitimize or delegitimize discourses on
tourism in Iran and the secondary purpose is to find the differences between
governmental and nongovernmental discursive legitimacy of managers and elite
in Iran. Critical Discourse Analysis of Van Leeuwen(2008) has been selected as
a method of analysis . The population is 70 articles consist of news, interviews
and speeches on tourism and 23 of all were selected purposefully as the
samples. Both groups of governmental and nongovernmental managers and elite
have legitimized positive interaction with the world and the security of Iran but
have delegitimized the situation of tourism infrastructure and negative
propaganda against Iran. Governmental sector agrees presence of private
sector but with monitoring services of travel agencies, while private sector
demands reduction of the role of government in this field.

Abstract Along with increasing development of service economy and competition in hotel
industry, emotions accompanied with labor have become important within this
industry. Surface and deep acting are considered as the strategies for emotional
labor, through which people try to control their own emotions in the workplace.
Therefore, present research has been carried out with the aim of studying and
examining the impact of emotional labor on customer's satisfaction through the
mediating role of job satisfaction in hotel industry.
Population of the study consists of employees and customers of 4 and 5 star
hotels in Tehran. In order to obtain sample size, Simple Random sampling way
was applied and 385 were selected. This research is regarded as an applied
study in terms of purpose and is a descriptive survey in terms of data collecting.
In order to analyze data, structural equations' modeling was used.
Findings showed that employees' job satisfaction and deep acting have a
significant impact on customer's satisfaction. Surface and deep acting have also
a significant impact on customer's satisfaction through job satisfaction while
surface acting has no significant impact on customer's satisfaction By
considering this fact that deep acting has a different mechanism in adjusting
emotions compared to surface acting, Hotels may consider required training
plans for employees to strengthen deep acting strategies, through which they can
offer effective deep acting. So, in this way, they can increase costumers’
satisfaction

Abstract Different cities have different features. They have huge investments, looking for
more tourists to raise the return on investment. Word of mouth communication is
one of the cheapest and the most valuable ways to develop tourism that has
attracted attention of many scholars. Military personnel can be viewed as a
source of WOM, because most of them spend many days in different cities. The
purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of service quality on military
personnel WOM with the mediating role of satisfaction, city image and their
attitude toward the city. This research is descriptive applied in terms of purpose.
Questionnaire was used to survey 390 military personnel in the north and north
east of Tehran. Structural Equation Modeling and Smart PLS software were
used to analyze the gathered data. Results show that services quality has a
positive effect on tourists' satisfaction and city image. Also, Satisfaction and city
image have positive effects on attitude toward the city. Finally, satisfaction, city
image and attitude toward the city have positive effects on WOM.
 Service Quality, Urban Brand, Brand Image, Attitude toward Brand,
WOM

Abstract The urban green space is one of the most important elements in urban
metabolism. Global efforts have been done with the aim of physical environment
conservation related to ecosystems, fauna and flora. Green spaces are made in
order to improve urban ecology and provide a pleasant place for leisure time.
The most important effects of green spaces on cities are reduction of air and
noise pollution, temperature adjustment and increase of air humidity. Other
effects are relative. This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in
terms of methodology. Data were gathered from both primary and secondary
research. To analyze data, One Sample T-test was used. The results showed that
in confidence level of 95%, significance level is smaller than alpha level of 5%.
Thus, the Chengery Park can effectively contribute in development of tourism
industry. Then, developing Chengery Park is necessary for responding people’s
needs.

Abstract Planning of resources and attractions for tourists and providing appropriate
services with environmental planning on this resources is so important in
tourism planning. Therefore, Sirch complex, located in Kerman province, was
selected with an area of ten hectares in response to tourists’ needs. Due to the
Physical Carrying Capacity, the number of tourists allowed to enter the site is
1644 per day, Real Carrying Capacity is 1062 per day and effective carrying
capacity is 850 per day. Taking into account required standard per capita usage
for each tourist, the effective carrying capacity, including Commercial area (850
square meters), Residence area (340000 square meters), Restaurant and fast
food area (850 square meters) Sports and cultural area (2125 square meters),
Recreation area (24100 square meters) and Roads area (30000 square meters)
is estimated.

Abstract The main purpose of this study is to investigate and explain the effects that Isfahan
domestic tourists’ image would have on tourism development of the city. The study
population is a group of tourists who have experience of travelling to Isfahan. As the
population of the study is unlimited, the sample size has been determined based on
the method of Cochran's sample size determination, and a sample of 384
(convenient) was selected. In order to collect data, a questionnaire was applied
using Likert scale (five choices). For the validity, formal questionnaire was used and
reliability was calculated for each variable by calculating Cronbach's alpha
coefficients.
Structural Equation Modeling was applied for collected data analysis and
conceptual model evaluation. Then, Model fitting and required analysis were done
by using AMOS software. Finally, designed theoretical pattern were fitted by
modifying conceptual model. Therefore, it can be stated that individual
characteristics have positive and significant effects on tourists’ behavior, tourism
achievements and tourism development, due to tourist’s image