Tourism Management Studies

Culture and Code of Ethics in Tourism

abolfazl tajzadehnamin

Volume 2, Issue 5 , September 2004, Pages 1-26

Abstract

This paper emphasizes on the need to formulate code of ethics for tourism in Iran. To achieve this, the author, firstly has emphasized on the importance of tourism in international area, as well as sectors, organizations, the relevant stakeholders and participants. In the meanwhile, regarding to the ... Read More This paper emphasizes on the need to formulate code of ethics for tourism in Iran. To achieve this, the author, firstly has emphasized on the importance of tourism in international area, as well as sectors, organizations, the relevant stakeholders and participants. In the meanwhile, regarding to the issues about sustainable tourism and the associated concepts, it is highlighted that the concept of development should not be just regarded from the economic perspective. This means the major focus is on the creation of change, changing the behavior, goals and a method by which one recognize and react the surrounded world. From this perspective, the author believes that the demonstration of the right behavior, especially in the tourism area (i.e. host and guest societies), is based on the code of ethics formulation. The lack of such an important link is repeatedly reminded in this article. In this paper, it is also emphasized that the code of ethic is a cultural concept. For highlighting such a relationship, the author pursues well-informed goals. opts for tourism forms compatible with its whole. develops operational scenarios for both foreseeable and unforeseeable turns, and -significantly- treats tourism not just as an industry, but also as an important activity benefiting the local community, yet connecting and contextualizing all host and guest systems: into the global village in which different nations of the world have taken membership (Jafari l 987). There is no other way to say this: sustainability of tourism lies outside its traditional parameters. and so do its predictable and unpredictable futures. Tourism-as a sociocultural phenomenon. as an economic tool, as a geopolitical force. as an institutionalized practice at and away from home - is too important to be left to itself, unguided in the hand of the industry alone. The public platform has a job to do, and all that ahead of it. acknowledgement-a slightly different version of this paper was presented at a 2003 UNESCO conference held in Havana, Cuba. scheduled to appear in a UNESCO publication. The present version appeared in Informe Economic 2003 i Social de Les Illes Balears, pages 156-164, 2004 (Palma de Mallorca: Caixa de Balears SA NOSTRA).

Tourism Events: Typologies and Management

bahram ranjbarian; mohamad zahedi

Volume 2, Issue 5 , September 2004, Pages 27-51

Abstract

Tourism attractions of a destination are not limited to natural and historical sites, and art centers. Indeed every event could be an important source of attracting tourists, especially in cases that. destinations have less well known physical attraction. Tourism events have vast variety with respect ... Read More

Service Quality Improvement In I.R.Iran Air Flights (A survey Based On Serv. Qual. Model)

kamran faizi; saeid tatari

Volume 2, Issue 5 , September 2004, Pages 53-84

Abstract

In this article the concepts of quality and customer's satisfactions in the service Industry are being discussed and a suitable Model for service quality measurement is presented. After developing the Model, priorities of necessary actions towards better service quality in Iran Air flights are calculated ... Read More

An Introduction to Sociology of Tourism

mohamadali zaki

Volume 2, Issue 5 , September 2004, Pages 87-112

Abstract

Tourism is an economic phenomenon with important sociocultural implications that acquired a fundamental significance in the last decades of the twentieth century. Sociology is about people and how we live together in social groups. Its subject matter ranges from the study of close interpersonal interactions ... Read More

Relationship between Personal Characteristics and Customer Orientation

mehri akbari

Volume 2, Issue 5 , September 2004, Pages 113-134

Abstract

The customer orientation and performance management are important factors that influence on the performance of the organization in market. Also, personal interaction component of services is often a primary determinant of the customer's overall satisfaction. So, it's necessary that managers of hotels ... Read More

Tourism Gaining Cogency from an Industry-Driven Force to a Public -Platform Choice

ja'far ja'fari

Volume 2, Issue 5 , September 2004, Pages 1-10

https://doi.org/10.22054/tms.2004.6897

Abstract

A review of the literature suggests that tourism has gone through four major transformational phases, with the fifth one in its making. Representing a platform of action and thinking, each phase depicts an era of shifting/maturing process in this field. The first platform took force and gained voice ... Read More A review of the literature suggests that tourism has gone through four major transformational phases, with the fifth one in its making. Representing a platform of action and thinking, each phase depicts an era of shifting/maturing process in this field. The first platform took force and gained voice after World War II, when many countries in Europe and elsewhere (re)discovered tourism and used it toward economic (re) construction. As several new nations gained their independence in the 60s, they too quickly subscribed to it as a tool to improve their poor economies. Favorable perceptions about and on behalf of tourism-whether coming from the developed/developing countries or signaled by such institutions as the World Bank-supported and even advocated tourism as an important tool for economic development. Because of this tendency. this early phase may be characterized as the Advocacy Platform for tourism. Then the Cautionary Platform of the 70s. voiced by those challenging the advocacy position. argued that tourism cannot or does not necessarily lead to the economic prosperities and benefits expected of it. Citing both facts and conjectures. it was further argued that this industry could even lead to many economic disbenefits and sociocultural costs. In general. the second platform opposed tourism and its development. In its mildest form. it cautioned countries and destinations that it comes with many unwanted consequences. After the arguments of the two advocacy and cautionary platforms were heard - including crossfiring between them - a conciliatory position emerged in the 80s. The Adaptancy Platform believed that the time had come to benefit from these insights by adapting tourism in order to minimize its costs and maximize its benefits. During this decade, various "appropriate" forms of tourism development were introduced and advanced. including nature tourism, rural tourism. agritourism, small- scale tourism, ecotourism, culture tourism. and many more. The three advocacy. cautionary. and adaptancy stands led to the formation of the Knowledge- based Platform. Populated mosrl. bv researchers/academicians. this scientification process and voice iook shape and gained strength in the 90s. Some of the important academic advances and recognitions in tourism emerged during this decade. lending more strength and legitimacy to it as a field of research and scholarship. Granted these are four generalized snapshots of tourism's recent past (Jafari 2002). then what may be the fifth phase? The new decade (actually the beginning of a new century) is only a few years old. Still. several colleagues familiar with my work have asked if I have already detected a pattern of development I thinking that might characterize the 00s. and what I might be naming its platform.

Tourism Management Studies

Articles in Press

Current Issue

Volume 19 (2024)

Volume 18 (2024)

Volume 17 (2022)

Volume 16 (2021)

Volume 15 (2020)

Volume 14 (2019)

Volume 13 (2018)

Volume 12 (2017)

Volume 11 (2016)

Volume 10 (2016)

Volume 8 (2015)

Volume 9 (2014)

Volume 7 (2013)

Volume 6 (2011)

Volume 5 (2010)

Volume 4 (2006)

Volume 3 (2005)

Volume 2 (2004)

Volume 1 (2003)

Volume & Issue: Volume 2, Issue 5, September 2004

Culture and Code of Ethics in Tourism

Abstract

Tourism Events: Typologies and Management

Abstract

Service Quality Improvement In I.R.Iran Air Flights (A survey Based On Serv. Qual. Model)

Abstract

An Introduction to Sociology of Tourism

Abstract

Relationship between Personal Characteristics and Customer Orientation

Abstract

Tourism Gaining Cogency from an Industry-Driven Force to a Public -Platform Choice

Abstract