نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دکتری مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه مازندران، مازندران، بابلسر، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران
3 استاد گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران
4 استادیار مهندسی صنایع و آیندهپژوهی، دانشکده علوم و فناوریهای نوین دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
چکیده
هدف از این پژوهش واکاوی زمینهسازهای تأثیرگذار بر ارتقای جایگاه گردشگری شکار مبتنی بر تیراندازی میباشد. این پژوهش ازلحاظ هدف کاربردی، از منظر پارادایم تفسیری، ازنظر ماهیت آمیخته (کیفی نیمه اکتشافی و کمی توصیفی تحلیلی)، ازلحاظ زمان آیندهنگر و ازنظر مسیر اجرا پیمایشی میباشد. مشارکتکنندگان پژوهش، متخصصان حوزه گردشگری و ورزش تیراندازی بودند. روش نمونهگیری، نظری و گلوله برفی بود. حد اشباع نظری تعداد 32 مصاحبه بود. جهت شناسایی عوامل از تحلیل محیطی PESTEL استفاده شد؛ بدینصورت که ابتدا یک مرور ادبیات جامع انجام شد در ادامه پویش محیطی برای شناسایی زمینهسازها و تعیین اهمیت آنها از تکنیک دلفی در سه دور استفاده شود. درنهایت 27 زمینهساز تأثیرگذار شناسایی و مورد اجماع سنجی اعضای گروه دلفی قرار گرفت. نتایج این پژوهش علاوه بر غنی کردن ادبیات موضوع میتواند مبنایی برای تدوین سیاستها و برنامههای عملیاتی در حوزه گردشگری شکار باشد و به توسعه صنعت گردشگری در ایران کمک نماید.
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Analyzing the factors affecting the promotion of hunting tourism based on shooting
نویسندگان [English]
- khadijeh pourzabih sarhamami 1
- Farzam Farzan 2
- Morteza Dousti 3
- ali Zackery 4
1 PhD of Sport Management, Faculty of sport sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
4 Assistant Professor of Industrial Engineering and Future Studies, Faculty of Modern Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]
The aim of this research is to explore the influential factors contributing to the enhancement of hunting tourism based on shooting. This study is applied in nature, based on an interpretive paradigm, and follows a mixed-methods approach (semi-exploratory qualitative and descriptive-analytical quantitative). It is forward-looking and conducted through a survey method. The participants were experts in tourism and shooting sports, selected using theoretical and snowball sampling. The saturation point was reached after 32 interviews. PESTEL environmental analysis was employed to identify the key factors. A comprehensive literature review was initially conducted, followed by using the Delphi technique in three rounds. In total, 27 key factors were identified and agreed upon by the Delphi panel. The findings not only enrich the literature but also provide a basis for developing policies and operational plans in hunting tourism, contributing to the growth of the tourism industry in Iran.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Hunting
- hunting tourism
- shooting
- wildlife tourism
- Mazandaran province
- پاشایی، سجاد، عسکریان، فریبا، روزافزون، عبدالرضا (1398). بررسی نقش میانجیگری عوامل نهادی در تأثیر عوامل اجتماعی، اقتصادی، محیطی بر توسعه گردشگری ورزشی منطقه آزاد ماکو. مطالعات مدیریت گردشگری، 14(45)، 57-80.. https://doi.org/10.22054/tms.2019.20248.1561
- پرهوده، فرزاد، عرفانی، نصرالله، پرهوده، فریاد (1401). تأملی بر رویکرد پژوهش کیفی با تأکید بر روایی و پایایی. پویش در آموزش علوم انسانی، 8(28), 19-44. https://humanities.cfu.ac.ir/article_2351.html
- پورذبیح سرحمامی، خدیجه، دوستی، مرتضی، رضوی، سید محمدحسین (1400). بررسی فرصتها و چالشهای مدیریتی برونسپاری به بخش خصوصی در سازمانهای ورزشی دولتی. پژوهشهای معاصر در مدیریت ورزشی، 11(21)، 67-86. DOI: 10.22084/smms.2021.21020.2523
- پورذبیحسرحمامی، خدیجه، دوستی، مرتضی، رضوی، سید محمدحسین (1402). شناسایی مؤلفههای اقتصادی تأثیرگذار بر برونسپاری ورزش ایران. نشریه مدیریت ورزشی، 15(3)، 55-35. DOI: 10.22059/jsm.2020.283603.2290
- شاهقلیان قهفرخی، رضا (1396). شناسایی و بررسی عوامل افزایش مهارت تیراندازی دانشجویان در یک دانشگاه نظامی. فصلنامه مدیریت و پژوهشهای دفاعی، 16(85)، 83-116. https://mdr.ihu.ac.ir/article_204647.html
- غزانی، عزتالله، بیژنی، مسعود، چیذری، محمد (1397). تحلیل اثرات سرمایه اجتماعی در رونق گردشگری طبیعی روستاهای هدف استان مازندران. فصلنامه اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی، 7(26)، 211-234. http://serd.khu.ac.ir/article-۱-۳۲۲۰-fa.html
- فیروزجائیان، علیاصغر، شریفیمقدم، پرویز، شریفیمقدم، رضا (1397). گردشگری شکار: تحلیل تحولی شکار از نیاز تا گردشگری و جرمانگاری شکار. برنامهریزی و توسعه گردشگری، 7(27)، 146-166. 22080/jtpd.2019.2214
- قرباننیاخیبری، وجیهه، میرسنجری، میرمهرداد، لیاقتی، هومان، آرمین، محسن (1398). بررسی قابلیت توسعه گردشگری طبیعت در شهرستان دنا با استفاده از استراتژی تصمیمگیری AHP-OWA. مطالعات مدیریت گردشگری، 14(45)، 105-137. https://doi.org/10.22054/tms.2019.24081.1691
- قنبری، زهرا، طولابی، توران (1399). شکار حیوانات توسط اشراف قاجار و پیامدهای زیستمحیطی آن. تاریخ و فرهنگ، 52(1)، 140-115.22067/jhistory.2021.69122.1021
- Alizadeh, R., Lund, P. D., Beynaghi, A., Abolghasemi, M., & Maknoon, R. (2016). An integrated scenario-based robust planning approach for foresight and strategic management with application to energy industry. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 104, 162-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2015.11.030
- Bardecki, M. J. (1984). Participants' response to the Delphi method: An attitudinal perspective. Technological Forecasting and social change, 25(3), 281-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1625(84)90006-4
- Barrios-Garcia, M. N., & Ballari, S. A. (2012). Impact of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in its introduced and native range: A review. Biological invasions, 14, 2283-2300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-012-0229-6
- Belton, I., MacDonald, A., Wright, G., & Hamlin, I. (2019). Improving the practical application of the Delphi method in group-based judgment: A six-step prescription for a well-founded and defensible process. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 147, 72-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.07.002
- Ben Hassen, T. (2024). A study on Lebanon’s competitive knowledge-based economy, relative strengths, and shortcomings. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01644-8
- Bogner, A., Littig, B., & Menz, W. (2014). Interviews mit Experten: Eine praxisorientierte Einführung. Springer-Verlag. 49-83. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=AOIiBAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq=Bogner
- Buchholz, F., Oppermann, L., & Prinz, W. (2022). There’s more than one metaverse. i-com, 21(3), 313-324. https://doi.org/10.1515/icom-2022-0034
- Călina, A., Călina, J., Msiluț, M., & Ion, S. T. A. N. (2018). Research on the practice of rural tourism specialized in sport and image hunting in Cergău area, Romania. AgroLife Scientific Journal, 7(1). http://agrolifejournal.usamv.ro/index.php/agrolife/article/view/210
- Carpio, A. J., Apollonio, M., & Acevedo, P. (2021). Wild ungulate overabundance in Europe: Contexts, causes, monitoring and management recommendations. Mammal Review, 51(1), 95-108. https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12221
- Chu, H. C., & Hwang, G. J. (2008). A Delphi-based approach to developing expert systems with the cooperation of multiple experts. Expert Systems with Applications, 34(4), 2826-2840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2007.05.034
- Cohen, S. A., Prayag, G., & Moital, M. (2014). Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(10), 872-909. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.850064
- Cohen, E. (2014). Recreational hunting: Ethics, experiences and commoditization. Tourism Recreation Research, 39(1), 3-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2014.11081323
- Daumas, L. (2024). Financial stability, stranded assets and the low‐carbon transition–A critical review of the theoretical and applied literatures. Journal of Economic Surveys, 38(3), 601-716. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12551
- Daud, A., Satmoko, N. D., Akhmad, N., Harsono, I., & Masri, F. A. (2024). sport tourism as a strategy for Indonesian tourism development in the 2023 FIBA World Cup Event. Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research, 4(1), 7641-7649. https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v4i1.8753
- De Mendoza, J. H., Parra, A., Tato, A., Alonso, J. M., Rey, J. M., Peña, J., ... & De Mendoza, M. H. (2006). Bovine tuberculosis in wild boar (Sus scrofa), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and cattle (Bos taurus) in a Mediterranean ecosystem (1992–2004). Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 74(2-3), 239-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2005.10.005
- Di Minin, E., Clements, H. S., Correia, R. A., Cortes-Capano, G., Fink, C., Haukka, A., ... & Bradshaw, C. J. (2021). Consequences of recreational hunting for biodiversity conservation and livelihoods. One Earth, 4(2), 238-253. https://www.cell.com/one-earth/pdf/S2590-3322(21)00060-9.pdf
- Di Zio, S., Bolzan, M., & Marozzi, M. (2021). Classification of Delphi outputs through robust ranking and fuzzy clustering for Delphi-based scenarios. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 173, 121140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121140
- Dwivedi, Y. K., Pandey, N., Currie, W., & Micu, A. (2024). Leveraging ChatGPT and other generative artificial intelligence (AI)-based applications in the hospitality and tourism industry: Practices, challenges and research agenda. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 36(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-05-2023-0686
- Farley, C. L. (2005). Midwifery’s research heritage: A Delphi survey of midwife scholars. Journal of midwifery & women's health, 50(2), 122-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmwh.2004.11.004
- Fedaravičius, A., Pilkauskas, K., Slizys, E., & Survila, A. (2020). Research and development of training pistols for laser shooting simulation system. Defence Technology, 16(3), 530-534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2019.06.018
- Flø, B. E. (2008). Bygdedyret og elgen–ei stiavhengig analyse av næringsutvikling i elgskogen. In S. E. Skar (Ed), Den nye bygda, 371-389. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Fl%C3%B8%2C+B.+E.+%282008%29
- Florin, T. I., Tabita, A., Cornelia, P., Carmen, D., Anda, M., Iuliana, M., ... & Ioan, P. (2018). The role of hunting tourism in preserving the sustainability of fauna habitats. Journal of Biotechnology, 280, 105-110 1016/j.jbiotec.2018.06.150
- Gačić, D. P., Prentović, R., Pilipović, V., & Ostojić, M. (2015). Hunting tourism and safety aspects of hunting fauna use in Serbia. Glasnik Sumarskog fakulteta, (suppl.), 45-54. https://doi.org/10.2298/GSF15S1045G
- Galvão, A., Mascarenhas, C., Gouveia Rodrigues, R., Marques, C. S., & Leal, C. T. (2017). A quadruple helix model of entrepreneurship, innovation and stages of economic development. Review of International Business and Strategy, 27(2), 261-282. https://doi.org/10.1108/RIBS-01-2017-0003
- Ghasemi, M., González-García, A., Charrahy, Z., & Serrao-Neumann, S. (2024). Utilizing supply-demand bundles in nature-based recreation offers insights into specific strategies for sustainable tourism management. Science of The Total Environment, 171185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171185
- Gomes, S., Lopes, J. M., & Ferreira, L. (2024). Looking at the tourism industry through the lenses of industry 4.0: a bibliometric review of concerns and challenges. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 7(1), 436-457.
- Gortázar, C., Acevedo, P., Ruiz-Fons, F., & Vicente, J. (2006). Disease risks and overabundance of game species. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 52, 81-87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-005-0022-2
- Gortázar, C., & Fernandez-de-Simon, J. (2022). One tool in the box: The role of hunters in mitigating the damages associated to abundant wildlife. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 68(3), 28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-022-01578-7
- Graitson, E., Barbraud, C., & Bonnet, X. (2019). Catastrophic impact of wild boars: insufficient hunting pressure pushes snakes to the brink. Animal Conservation, 22(2), 165-176. https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12447
- Green, B., Jones, M., Hughes, D., & Williams, A. (1999). Applying the Delphi technique in a study of GPs’ information requirements. Health & Social Care in the Community, 7(3), 198-205. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2524.1999.00176.x
- Green, B. C., & Jones, I. (2005). Serious leisure, social identity and sport tourism. Sport in Society, 8(2), 164-181. https://doi.org/10.1080/174304305001102010
- Hasson, F., Keeney, S., & McKenna, H. (2000). Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32(4), 1008-1015. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.t01-1-01567.x
- Haukeland, J. V., Fredman, P., Tyrväinen, L., Siegrist, D., & Lindberg, K. (2023). Prospects for nature-based tourism: identifying trends with commercial potential. Journal of Ecotourism, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2023.2178444
- Heffelfinger, J. R., Geist, V., & Wishart, W. (2013). The role of hunting in North American wildlife conservation. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 70(3), 399-413. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2013.800383
- Hrybovskyy, R., Zanevskyy, I., & Hrybovskyy, V. (2015). Modeling of skeet shooting technique with using of simulation exercises. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 15(3), 603. https://efsupit.ro/images/stories/nr3.2015/66.%20HRYBOVSKYY.pdf
- Komppula, R., & Gartner, W. C. (2013). Hunting as a travel experience: An auto-ethnographic study of hunting tourism in Finland and the USA. Tourism Management, 35, 168-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.06.014
- Kubayevich, K. F. (2024). Current analysis and current issues of ensuring the financial stability of the banking system in Uzbekistan. European Journal of Business Startups and Open Society, 4(3), 169-176. http://inovatus.es/index.php/ejbsos/article/view/2681
- Landeta, J. (2006). Current validity of the Delphi method in social sciences. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 73(5), 467-482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2005.09.002
- Leung, L. (2015). Validity, reliability, and generalizability in qualitative research. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 4(3), 324. DOI: 10.4103/2249-4863.161306
- Leydesdorff, L. (2012). The triple helix, quadruple helix, and an N-tuple of helices: explanatory models for analyzing the knowledge-based economy? Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 3, 25-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-011-0049-4
- Lombard, M., Snyder‐Duch, J., & Bracken, C. C. (2002). Content analysis in mass communication: Assessment and reporting of intercoder reliability. Human Communication Research, 28(4), 587-604. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2002.tb00826.x
- Lovelock, B. (2007). An introduction to consumptive wildlife tourism. In B. Lovelock & K. Lovelock (Eds.), Tourism and the Consumption of Wildlife (pp. 25-52). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203934326-10
- MacKay, K. J., & Campbell, J. M. (2004). An examination of residents’ support for hunting as a tourism product. Tourism Management, 25(4), 443-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00127-4
- Mallen, C., Adams, L., Stevens, J., & Thompson, L. (2010). Environmental sustainability in sport facility management: A Delphi study. European Sport Management Quarterly, 10(3), 367-389. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184741003774521
- Mandić, A., & McCool, S. F. (2023). A critical review and assessment of the last 15 years of experience design research in a nature-based tourism context. Journal of Ecotourism, 22(1), 208-235. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2022.2099877
- Marchand, P., Garel, M., Bourgoin, G., Dubray, D., Maillard, D., & Loison, A. (2014). Impacts of tourism and hunting on a large herbivore’s spatio-temporal behavior in and around a French protected area. Biological Conservation, 177, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.05.022
- Mataruna-Dos-Santos, L. J., Zardini-Filho, C. E., & Cazorla Milla, A. (2019). Youth Olympic Games: Using marketing tools to analyse the reality of GCC countries beyond Agenda 2020. https://rua.ua.es/dspace/handle/10045/93434
- Matilainen, A. (2007). Sustainable hunting tourism–business opportunity in northern areas. Overview of hunting and hunting tourism in four Northern Countries: Finland, Sweden, Iceland and Canada. Helsinki: University of Helsinki. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/132488763.pdf
- Matolić, T., Jurakić, D., Podnar, H., Radman, I., & Pedišić, Ž. (2023). Promotion of health-enhancing physical activity in the sport sector: A study among representatives of 536 sports organisations from 36 European countries. BMC public health, 23(1), 750. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15589-9
- Merkel, S., Schmidt, S. L., & Schreyer, D. (2016). The future of professional football: A Delphi-based perspective of German experts on probable versus surprising scenarios. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal. 6 (3). 295 – 319. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-10-2014-0043
- Mbaiwa, J. E. (2018). Effects of the safari hunting tourism ban on rural livelihoods and wildlife conservation in Northern Botswana. South African Geographical Journal= Suid-Afrikaanse Geografiese Tydskrif, 100(1), 41-61. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-c70f54aaa
- McAdam, M., Miller, K., & McAdam, R. (2018). Understanding Quadruple Helix relationships of university technology commercialisation: A micro-level approach. Studies in Higher Education, 43(6), 1058-1073. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2016.1212328
- Milojica, V., Drpic, D., & Nakovski, D. (2014). Developing hunting tourism–A new perspective of achieving competitiveness of rural Croatia. Economy of Eastern Croatia Yesterday, Today, Tommorow, 3, 107-121. https://ideas.repec.org/a/osi/eecytt/v3y2014p107-121.html
- Moorhouse, T. P., Dahlsjö, C. A., Baker, S. E., D'Cruze, N. C., & Macdonald, D. W. (2015). The customer isn't always right—conservation and animal welfare implications of the increasing demand for wildlife tourism. PLOS ONE, 10(10), e0138939. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138939
- Morris, S. P. (2014). The sport status of hunting. International Journal of Applied Philosophy, 28(2), 391–407. https://doi.org/10.5840/ijap2014111827
- Moiseeva, O., Filippova, O., & Moiseev, E. (2021). Popularization of shooting sports as a means of introducing young people to a healthy lifestyle. In E3S Web of Conferences. EDP Sciences, 291, 05023. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129105023
- Naidoo, R., Weaver, L. C., Diggle, R. W., Matongo, G., Stuart‐Hill, G., & Thouless, C. (2016). Complementary benefits of tourism and hunting to communal conservancies in Namibia. Conservation Biology, 30(3), 628-638. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12643
- Okoli, C., & Pawlowski, S. D. (2004). The Delphi method as a research tool: an example, design considerations and applications. Information & Management, 42(1), 15-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2003.11.002
- Øian, H. (2013). Wilderness tourism and the moralities of commitment: Hunting and angling as modes of engaging with the natures and animals of rural landscapes in Norway. Journal of Rural Studies, 32, 177-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2013.05.004
- Øian, H., & Skogen, K. (2016). Property and possession: Hunting tourism and the morality of landownership in rural Norway. Society & Natural Resources, 29(1), 104-118. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2015.1041658
- Park, J. W., Greenspan, B., Tabb, T., Gallo, E., & Danielescu, A. (2023). 3D Printed energy return elements for upper limb sports prosthetics. Prosthesis, 5(1), 13-34. https://doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis5010002
- Pérez-González, J., Hidalgo-de-Trucios, S. J., Sánchez-García, C., & Rengifo Gallego, J. I. (2023). Women in the Hunt: A More Useful and Sustainable Hunt for Biodiversity? Sustainability, 15(9), 7439. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097439
- Räikkönen, J., Grénman, M., Rouhiainen, H., Honkanen, A., & Sääksjärvi, I. E. (2023). Conceptualizing nature-based science tourism: a case study of Seili Island, Finland. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 31(5), 1214-1232. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1948553
- Razavi, S. M. H., Amani, A., Firouzabadi, A. G., & Honarvar, A. (2018). Investigating and explaining the consequences of implementing privatization in Iran's sport. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 18, 536-540. https://efsupit.ro/images/stories/1aprilie2018/art%2077.pdf
- Rizzolo, J. B. (2023). Wildlife tourism and consumption. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 31(5), 1181-1194. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1957903
- Rodríguez-Seijo, A., Lago-Vila, M., Andrade, M. L., & Vega, F. A. (2016). Pb pollution in soils from a trap shooting range and the phytoremediation ability of Agrostis capillaris L. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23, 1312-1323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5340-7
- Rosani, R., Iqbal, I., & Purwanti, D. (2021). Analisis PESTEL Pada Lazismu Kalimantan Barat. Qusqazah, 2(2), 29-37. https://e-journal.iainptk.ac.id/index.php/qusqazah/article/view/304/134
- Rowe, G., & Wright, G. (1999). The Delphi technique as a forecasting tool: Issues and analysis. International Journal of Forecasting, 15(4), 353-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2070(99)00018-7
- Sáenz-de-Santa-María, A., & Tellería, J. L. (2015). Wildlife-vehicle collisions in Spain. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 61, 399-406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-015-0907-7
- Samuelsson, E., & Stage, J. (2007). The size and distribution of the economic impacts of Namibian hunting tourism. South African Journal of Wildlife Research-24-month Delayed Open Access, 37(1), 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2020.1759305
- Sánchez-García, C., Urda, V., Lambarri, M., Prieto, I., Andueza, A., & Villanueva, L. F. (2021). Evaluation of the economics of sport hunting in Spain through regional surveys. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 78(3), 517-531. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2020.1759305
- Sanders, H. N., Hewitt, D. G., Perotto-Baldivieso, H. L., VerCauteren, K. C., & Snow, N. P. (2020). Invasive wild pigs as primary nest predators for wild turkeys. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 2625. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59543-w
- Swart, K., Tichaawa, T. M., Othy, J. D. O., & Daniels, T. (2018). Stakeholder perspectives of sport tourism development in Gabon: A case study of the Africa Cup of Nations. EuroEconomica, 37(2), 177-189. https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=728429
- Tickle, L., & von Essen, E. (2020). The seven sins of hunting tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 84, 102996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102996
- Tsujimoto, M., Kajikawa, Y., Tomita, J., & Matsumoto, Y. (2018). A review of the ecosystem concept—towards coherent ecosystem design. Technological Forecasting and Social Cchange, 136, 49-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.06.032
- Yang, M., Zhou, H., Li, Y., & Zhang, J. (2023). Efficiency evaluation and influencing factors of sports industry and tourism industry convergence based on China’s provincial data. Sustainability, 15(6), 5408. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/6/5408
- Wang, X., Kim, J., Kim, J., & Koh, Y. (2024). Application of natural-resource-based view to nature-based tourism destinations. Sustainability, 16(6), 2375. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062375
- Windle, P. E. (2004). Delphi technique: Assessing component needs. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 19(1), 46-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2003.11.005
- Zub, I. (2020). Shooting sports as the means of professional-applied physical training at Maritime University. In BIO Web of Conferences 26, 00043. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202600043