pezhman hatamifar
Abstract
Evaluation of different parts of tourism will cause the optimized resourceallocation of development plans and strategies, thereupon evaluating these partshas become essential in various destinations. Rural tourism consider as one ofthe main forces of developing and welfare of rural economies. In such ...
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Evaluation of different parts of tourism will cause the optimized resourceallocation of development plans and strategies, thereupon evaluating these partshas become essential in various destinations. Rural tourism consider as one ofthe main forces of developing and welfare of rural economies. In such term,rural tourism supply chain evaluation is regarded as one of the major strategiesfor developing the rural area. Tourism supply chain evaluation states that how atourism product is manufactured and when and how will perform in tourists andwhich outcome it will cause. Despite the undeniable importance of this issue,there has not been any study devoted to tourism supply chain and investigatingits performance. This study will evaluate rural tourism supply chain with DataEnvelopment Analysis (DEA) in Mesr village, Iran, in 2015 and will offersolutions in way of improvement and enrichment of its performance. The resultsindicate that five factors of transportation, visitor information, accommodation,infrastructures and attractions function properly and catering services,Entertainment and shopping facilities have inappropriate functions in Mesrtourism supply chain.
Mehdi Karobi; zeinab amiri
Abstract
Incoming tour guides’ performance as cultural representatives and line workers is very important in cross-cultural interactions. The purpose of this research is to identify and Prioritize effective characteristics on performance of incoming tour guides from the perspective of foreign tourists. ...
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Incoming tour guides’ performance as cultural representatives and line workers is very important in cross-cultural interactions. The purpose of this research is to identify and Prioritize effective characteristics on performance of incoming tour guides from the perspective of foreign tourists. This is an applied research and in terms of the data collection method, it is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of this study included all foreign tourists on guided tours in the period of April to July 2015 in Tehran. A sample of 385 people was obtained using Cochran's formula. Of these, 328 tourists responded to the questionnaire. For data analysis, Friedman test, confirmatory factor analysis, SPSS, and LISREL software have been used. The results show from the foreign tourists’ perspective, priorities of professional and specialized characteristics is higher than individual characteristics and behaviors on the performance of incoming tour guides.
Fatemeh Yavarigohar; Marzieh Koraghli
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a widespread discussion about the activities of brands in social media. Social media with their applications and increasing popularity, help companies to enhance customer engagement. The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of stimuli associated with the brand ...
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In recent years, there has been a widespread discussion about the activities of brands in social media. Social media with their applications and increasing popularity, help companies to enhance customer engagement. The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of stimuli associated with the brand on brand loyalty in social media by considering the mediating role of brand engagement in Eligasht Travel Company. In terms of the purpose, this is an applied research and in terms of the research method, this is a descriptive survey. The statistical population includes all those who have used the services of the Eligasht Company and visited the company's Instagram page. The sample size is 211 Eligasht’s customers. The Smart PLS 2.0 software was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that brand-related stimuli had a direct and significant effect on brand loyalty. Also, the effect of the mediating variable on brand interaction was proved by the Sobel test with the severity of 2.12.
Mohammad Najjarzadeh
Abstract
Agritourism has become increasingly important in recent years and differentcountries have put a lot of efforts to promote it. Experts believe that agritourismcan play an important and constructive role in sustainable agricultural andrural development as a new strategy. Accordingly, the present study ...
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Agritourism has become increasingly important in recent years and differentcountries have put a lot of efforts to promote it. Experts believe that agritourismcan play an important and constructive role in sustainable agricultural andrural development as a new strategy. Accordingly, the present study analyzes thechallenges and issues facing agritourism development in the rural areas ofShahrud city using a qualitative research design and purposive sampling. Datawere collected via holding interviews and meetings with three groups ofstakeholders (farmers, tourists and managers) based on the modified NominalGroup Technique (NGT) in the summer of 2015. The central question raised atthe meeting was: What are the challenges and issues of agritourism developmentin the rural areas of Shahrud city? According to the results, the stakeholderscategorized the challenges and issues facing agritourism development inShahrud into six groups: distance from major population resources,comprehensive national and regional policies, awareness and training,marketing, customs, and laws
hamed reza faaljou; majid feshari
Volume 10, Issue 30 , June 2015
fatemeh banadarvish
Fatemeh Yavari Gohar; Khalil Hayati
Abstract
the world and our global community needing change to be more responsive to environmental, social and economic capital. This process not only makes companies more environmentally sensitive, it is also a great opportunity for innovative companies to grow and gain competitive advantage and benefit from ...
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the world and our global community needing change to be more responsive to environmental, social and economic capital. This process not only makes companies more environmentally sensitive, it is also a great opportunity for innovative companies to grow and gain competitive advantage and benefit from greening, and this great planet can also be a resource keep it natural for future generations. In this study, the impact of diffusion of innovation and environmental pressures on green marketing and sustainable innovation in Tehran's restaurant industry has been considered from the perspective of experts and experts in the field of sustainable tourism and green marketing. To achieve the goals and answer the research questions, the data collected from the experts were analyzed by questionnaire using SEM. Finally, among these variables, the relevance of the environmental pressure variable with green marketing strategy was eliminated and the other variables were correlated with sustainable innovation
zohreh dehdashti; amirhosein anchei
Volume 2, Issue 4 , June 2004, , Pages 31-67
Abstract
This paper discusses the evolution of tourism policies in Tunisia, Turkey and Malaysia. The growth of tourism during the past twenty years is the main reason for selecting these countries. It discusses some of the reasons for this change in tourism development. Finally, it suggests key areas of future ...
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This paper discusses the evolution of tourism policies in Tunisia, Turkey and Malaysia. The growth of tourism during the past twenty years is the main reason for selecting these countries. It discusses some of the reasons for this change in tourism development. Finally, it suggests key areas of future focus for sustainable development. Tourism's importance in the national economy has steadily grown during the last decade. Concurrently there has been an increase in competition, a need to satisfy environmental obligations and the need to respond to the market's need for alternative tourism products. One of the emerging tourism alternatives is the result of the changes in the values and the habits of people. The countries throughout the hemisphere have implemented many different tourism strategies and policies for the promotion of natural attractions, the protection of the environment, and of the quality of life. Much is to be learned by the analysis of all these different approaches. It is for this reason
Naser Sanoubar; Saeedeh Khani; Abolfazl Haghverdizadeh
Abstract
Cultural festivals have an important role in the tourism industry and recognition of the factors affecting their success is important. Hence, In this research, the effect of the variables of sense of community, emotional experience, and extroversion on tourists’ satisfaction and loyalty in cultural ...
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Cultural festivals have an important role in the tourism industry and recognition of the factors affecting their success is important. Hence, In this research, the effect of the variables of sense of community, emotional experience, and extroversion on tourists’ satisfaction and loyalty in cultural festivals were examined. in this regard, 394 questionnaires were distributed among tourists of the Nowruz festival in Milad Tower, in Tehran, and examined, then. The results showed sense of community is a direct predictor of loyalty, and satisfaction still has the greatest impact on loyalty. Also, The relationship between extraversion and positive emotional experience was confirmed. In indirect ways, positive emotional experience through satisfaction has the greatest impact on loyalty. The results of this study could help marketing managers and festival organizers manage events better and gain more tourists’ satisfaction and loyalty
Sanaz Shafiee; Ali Rajabzadeh Ghatari; Alireza Hasanzadeh; Saeed Jahanyan
Abstract
Along with the influence of the Internet and the dramatic advances in the use of information technology in businesses, a new concept has been introduced in the tourism literature called smart tourism destinations. Although studies have been conducted in this area in recent years, the research process ...
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Along with the influence of the Internet and the dramatic advances in the use of information technology in businesses, a new concept has been introduced in the tourism literature called smart tourism destinations. Although studies have been conducted in this area in recent years, the research process is not clear due to the short time of introduction and development of this technology. In addition, the synthesis of knowledge has not been done in order to draw conclusions about the evolutionary nature of this issue and to develop its theories. This study used the paradigm funnel method to fill this gap and investigate the research. For this purpose, 105 articles were reviewed from 2000 to 2017, and after selecting articles, 34 articles were identified and classified. The findings indicate the focus of the articles is on the level of specific theories and the lack of articles in the field of ontology and basic hypotheses. This study will help researchers to better understand the conducted research process, to get acquainted with the concepts and components, and to identify the existing research gap.
Fatemeh Yavari Gohar; Fereshteh Mansourimoayyed
Abstract
Today, advertising as one of the marketing strategies has a tremendous impact on consumer behavior and their choices. Thus, it has played an important role and a prominent position in promoting successful sales of the products in any organization. Therefore, in their research, researchers try to make ...
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Today, advertising as one of the marketing strategies has a tremendous impact on consumer behavior and their choices. Thus, it has played an important role and a prominent position in promoting successful sales of the products in any organization. Therefore, in their research, researchers try to make it possible for organizations to benefit from this strategy. After COVID-19 pandemic, man has been forced to innovate and change its work and life. This is an applied research to investigate the role of advertising on customer behavioral intentions to comeback using restaurants in post-corona era. A sample of 390 potential customers of restaurants in Tehran was selected by the convenience non-probability sampling method. Having collected data, research hypotheses were analyzed by the LISREL; Structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze them. The result of the research showed that all relations were confirmed. But sympathy and familiarity were the only variables which do not influence on this model.
nafise fazli; Abdolreza Roknadin Eftekhari; mahdi pourtaheri
Abstract
One of the most important subjects in tourism development assessment is the satisfaction of tourists from the ecolodge resorts quality. Naturally, increased satisfaction of tourists from the capacity and quality of recreation and residential facilities is directly proportional to the growth of tourism. ...
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One of the most important subjects in tourism development assessment is the satisfaction of tourists from the ecolodge resorts quality. Naturally, increased satisfaction of tourists from the capacity and quality of recreation and residential facilities is directly proportional to the growth of tourism. In this regard, the aim of this study was to investigate the tourists satisfaction from the quality of ecolodge resorts in rurals of Tehran province in the form of six indicators of the quality of infrastructure and health services, quality of infrastructure and welfare and catering services, quality of security, quality of territorial resources, the quality of physical infrastructure and the quality of environmental health. To this end, a questionnaire measuring the satisfaction of tourists from the quality of ecolodge resorts was prepared and standardized by statistical methods. Used method in this study is descriptive-analytical and its type is applied and the method of data collecting is done in both documentary and survey. The statistical population of the study is rural tourists in 6 rural accommodation centers. For determination of the sample size, the Cochran formula was used for uncertain or unconfined society with 95% confidence level, with the estimated number of samples estimated at 160. Data were analyzed using PASW software and CSM index. The results of the research indicate that the satisfaction of rural tourists in the quality of territorial resources quality has been higher than other sectors. In other words, the closest performance to expect is the quality of territorial resources, and the quality of the physical infrastructure is thereafter. This is while the quality of security has the lowest satisfaction.
Negar Jalilian; Mehdi kaaroubi; Esmail Ghaderi
Abstract
Tourist destinations, as the main focus of tourists’ attraction, play the fundamental role in the development of the tourism industry. A tourism destination appears distinctive and successful when new and unique experiences are provided to tourists. This task is responsible for tourism events.The ...
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Tourist destinations, as the main focus of tourists’ attraction, play the fundamental role in the development of the tourism industry. A tourism destination appears distinctive and successful when new and unique experiences are provided to tourists. This task is responsible for tourism events.The event, combined with the development of tourism, creates attractions among tourists. This research aids to measure the impact of events tourism on moderating tourist destinations seasonality. For the analysis of research data, 60 questionnaires were totally collected and analyzed with Smart-PLS software Single sample t-test is used to verify the status of each of the dimensions of the tourism, synthetic, and supportive resources and situational factors. The results show that tourism, synthetic and situational factors for event tourism development in Hamedan, lie in favorable conditions, excluding supportive resources.
Esmaeil Aliakbari; Nafese Marsousi; Leila Jalalabadi
Abstract
This article has identified and compiled the future scenarios of tourism in Kerman in the perspective of 1410 with a future studies approach. The data has been developed with documentary and survey methods and in processing those from the Delphi method, structural analysis and Startup Wizard have been ...
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This article has identified and compiled the future scenarios of tourism in Kerman in the perspective of 1410 with a future studies approach. The data has been developed with documentary and survey methods and in processing those from the Delphi method, structural analysis and Startup Wizard have been used. The statistical population includes fifteen scientific and executive elites of Kerman who, after the initial discussion sessions, weighing and identified 15 contingent status of the propellant factor in formulating scenarios. The results show that 80 percent of Kerman tourism situations in the future are favorable and 20 percent are stable and critical. Kerman city is facing three groups of tourism development scenarios in the future. The most desirable scenario is the first group, which is based on the foundation of competitiveness, axial plan and symmetrical development
tourism management
Mohsen Farhadinejad; Atiye Saberi; Mohammad Ebrahim Baghernezhad Hamze kolaie
Abstract
Nowadays, manufacturing and service industries are trying to have a green orientation in their field of activity. However, the concept of greenwashing, which is a kind of mental deception of the audience, is the opposite of green orientation, and the upcoming research aims to examine the components of ...
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Nowadays, manufacturing and service industries are trying to have a green orientation in their field of activity. However, the concept of greenwashing, which is a kind of mental deception of the audience, is the opposite of green orientation, and the upcoming research aims to examine the components of this concept in the hotel industry and provide solutions to deal with it. The current research has a developmental approach and theme analysis was determined as the method of data analysis. The experts of this research are 15 experts in hospitality and health matters, who were selected by purposeful sampling. Also, the data collection tool is a semi-structured interview. Data analysis shows that environmental greenwashing, social greenwashing, lexical greenwashing, legal greenwashing, and food greenwashing are the dimensions of the concept of greenwashing in the hotel industry. Also, with digital tools and the correct culture we can deal with greenwashing.IntroductionNowadays, manufacturing and service industries are trying to have a green orientation in their field of activity. However, the concept of greenwashing, a kind of mental deception of the audience, is the opposite of green orientation. The upcoming research aims to examine the components of this concept in the hotel industry and provide solutions to deal with it.Materials and MethodsThe present research has an exploratory approach in terms of its nature and a developmental approach in terms of its goal, and theme analysis was used to analyze the data. The experts of this research are 15 experts in hospitality and health matters, who were selected by purposeful sampling. Also, the data collection tool is a semi-structured interview.Discussion and ResultsData analysis shows that environmental greenwashing, social greenwashing, lexical greenwashing, legal greenwashing, and food greenwashing are the dimensions of the concept of greenwashing in the hotel industry.ConclusionsIt is possible to deal with the phenomenon of greenwashing by using new digital tools, increasing public awareness, and enacting restrictive laws.
Tourism planning
Zahra Soleymani; Hamdollah Sojasi qedari; Hamid Shayan; Siamak Seyfi
Abstract
While traveling, tourists are looking for memorable experiences, and often, their decisions are influenced by the experiences they have gained from the destination. ZMET cognitive approach was used to extract memorable experiences of tourists from rural destinations. Based on theoretical saturation, ...
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While traveling, tourists are looking for memorable experiences, and often, their decisions are influenced by the experiences they have gained from the destination. ZMET cognitive approach was used to extract memorable experiences of tourists from rural destinations. Based on theoretical saturation, an interview was conducted with 35 tourists who had traveled to the villages of Mashhad, Neyshabur, and Torghabe - Shandiz counties and had more than 83 mental involvements with these destinations. Nine originator constructs and 11 destination constructs were extracted; the most frequent originator construct was the "natural landscape of the village," which created memorable experiences like "silence and peace," "feeling of freshness and liberation," and "pleasantness" in tourists. The theoretical literature on memorable experiences from rural destinations is very limited, so this study provides a new understanding regarding the formation of memorable experiences from rural destinations, which managers of rural destinations use to attract more tourists and loyalty.IntroductionTourists are looking for different tourism experiences by presence in rural areas. Experiences are not like products and services that are produced and distributed in the outside world, but are created individually. They are simultaneously created in the depths of the mind as a result of interaction with the surrounding environment. Since the existence of rural tourism destinations depends on the presence of tourists. Therefore, if rural tourism destinations can design and provide memorable and attractive experiences for them through identifying and understanding their customers' needs, they will achieve development. In general, understanding and enhancing the positive and memorable experiences of tourists is considered as a competitive advantage in the contemporary tourism market. For this reason, memorable tourism experiences are necessary for the sustainability and competitiveness of rural destinations. Also, experiences affect tourists' future decisions. If rural tourism destinations can offer memorable tourism experiences to visitors, it will significantly influence the consumer's behavioral intention to revisit or recommend the destination to others.Materials and MethodsThe research method of this study is a set of descriptive-analytical methods. In terms of purpose, it is practical and a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. In order to identify the memorable experiences of tourists in the studied rural areas, Zaikovsky's questionnaire and then the ZMET method were used. For this purpose, 35 tourists who traveled to the tourist villages of Mashhad, Neyshabur and Torghabe- Shandiz cities and had more than 83 mental involvements with these destinations based on the Zaykovsky questionnaire, were interviewed by the ZMET method.Discussion and ResultsIn general, 7 basic structures were identified in tourist villages, which can be effective in creating memorable experiences among tourists. These 7 structures include the natural landscape of the village, healthy products, local culture, traditional architecture, adventure and physical activity, interaction and cooperation, and deficiencies and damages. Each of these basic structures has several connecting structures that ultimately lead to final structures or memorable experiences. Finally, 11 memorable experiences that include silence and peace, fresh and liberated feeling, enjoyable, new flavors, unique lifestyle, exploration and learning, nostalgic feeling, exciting, being unique, involving and participation, and being uncomfortable is extracted. All sample tourists pointed to the basic structure of the natural and pristine landscape of the villages and mentioned 6 connecting structures for this structure, which ultimately led to 3 memorable experiences, namely silence and peace, freshness and liberation feeling, and enjoyable. The basic structure of traditional architecture with a frequency of 32 is another frequent structure that is led by 6 connecting structures to a nostalgic feeling as another memorable experience for tourists from rural destinations. The third most frequent construct with a frequency of 18 is local culture. This structure includes 12 connecting structures that ultimately lead to a unique lifestyle experience and exploration and learning in them.ConclusionsExperiences are the main product of tourism, which are formed individually and in the tourist's mind, which cannot be interfered with and are specific to each person. But it is possible to influence the formation of these experiences through basic actions and planning in tourism destinations. In fact, providing attractive, diverse and memorable experiences makes a rural destination have the ability to compete in the tourism market and is considered as a fundamental factor that can lead to the success and innovation of this industry. The experiences that tourists gain from rural tourism destinations have a great impact on their future behavioral intentions and, as a result, on the development of rural tourism destinations. Based on this, in the present study, 10 positive memorable experiences were extracted through interviews with 35 tourists who had traveled to the studied rural tourism areas, which include peace and silence, freshness and liberation feeling, pleasantness, new flavors, unique lifestyle, exploring and learning, nostalgic feeling, excitement, uniqueness and involvement and participation. In addition to these experiences, negative memorable experiences have also been mentioned by tourists, which include discomfort and sadness as a result of shortages and damages in rural areas. Considering the many capabilities that rural areas have in the field of tourism, they can offer many experiences to tourists. The results and findings of the present research can have a significant impact on the expansion of literature in the field of memorable experiences of tourists from rural tourism destinations. Also, the findings of the research can be used by managers and planners of rural tourism in knowing the experiences and views of tourists from rural destinations, who can provide a suitable environment for tourists to have memorable and attractive experiences when traveling to rural destinations.
Zohreh Fanni; Mohammad Alizadeh Touli; Zaynab Zahmatkesh
Volume 9, Issue 28 , March 2015, , Pages 39-72
Abstract
Tourism is an important activity with economic, social and environmental effects on cities. Given this importance, tourism development policy is an approach that urban societies have paid attention to it so that increasing its results they can minimize its negative effects. The purpose of this paper ...
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Tourism is an important activity with economic, social and environmental effects on cities. Given this importance, tourism development policy is an approach that urban societies have paid attention to it so that increasing its results they can minimize its negative effects. The purpose of this paper is studying economic, social and environmental effects of tourism on development of Qeshm island cities. This study is an explorative research that based on descriptive- analytic method and collecting library and field information. Statistical samples of this study include all of household heads in Qeshm city; based on Cochran formula 371 heads were selected through simple random sampling. Questionnaire was used in order to collect data; Cranach's alpha was 0.78 that indicates its good reliability. Collected data were categorized by SPSS software and by Chi-Square Test meaningfulness of data was determined and analyzed. Study results show that in economic context, tourism in addition to job creation, income increase ad qualitative and quantitative improvement of handicrafts, has led to price increase, land trade and building increase. In social context, it has led to improvement in education and health, increase in citizens’ interaction and security. In environmental although it has had positive effects but it had many negative consequences such as pollution, traffic increase, land application change and decay of valuable urban texture that are contrary to urban development goals. So by material planning and attempt to have optimized use of tourists’ entry, economic condition and consequently social, environmental and structural conditions can be improved.
hamid zargam
Volume 1, Issue 3 , March 2004, , Pages 39-56
Abstract
Service industry has identified the customer or user as the most critical voice in assessing service quality. What are the costs behind supporting customer satisfaction? What are some of the issues you've had to address around customer-level satisfaction and how have you overcome them? These are the ...
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Service industry has identified the customer or user as the most critical voice in assessing service quality. What are the costs behind supporting customer satisfaction? What are some of the issues you've had to address around customer-level satisfaction and how have you overcome them? These are the main questions that have been discussed in this paper. In this paper we outline an overall approach for measuring service quality that differs substantially from the conventional paradigm. The conventional attitude-based approach relies on assumptions about the link between evaluations of service quality and subsequent behavior which are not supported by the substantive body of research findings. This paper explains a different approach which looks directly at service provision by using descriptive measures and seeks to relate these to observed buying behaviors. The approach has been trailed across a number of service categories with promising results. After a discussion of the differences between different methods, a quality perception measurement instrument for the company is developed and applied to a sample of railroad company clients.
Considering the importance of this item, tended to write the article that not only clarifies the side effects and results of tourism on development , but describes positive effects of cultural interaction as well as familiarizing ways and introduces the religious identity .
In the field of tourism between the two most important religions "Islam
& Christianity " made a survey about finding some ways to gain the contemplate and common comprehension.
Also mentioning existent problems and difficulties , tried to
demonstrate the last achievements . existing statistical data , and research results and finally have an extended discussion on solutions and suitable suggestions for clarifying methods of the industry ' s negative effects on the base of non - cultural relationships .
Wishing to obtain a successful trend in deepening Peace & Friendship. principles between these two divine religions in order to clarify the tourism common points .
saeid moosavi
Volume 2, Issue 6 , December 2004, , Pages 39-55
Abstract
Human resources in various organizations have turned into a sort of bilateral obligation, expectation, right ant duty between the individual and the organization. It is within this bilateral obligation and expectation that, on one hand, the individual, while impressing his I her actual obligation of ...
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Human resources in various organizations have turned into a sort of bilateral obligation, expectation, right ant duty between the individual and the organization. It is within this bilateral obligation and expectation that, on one hand, the individual, while impressing his I her actual obligation of best performance of duties towards the organization objectives, maintaining the organizational values, and behavior within its relevant regulations, is to define some rights for himself I herself, the most important of them being access to the constant opportunity of upgrading his I her knowledge and work expertise, as well as gradual perfection of various aspects of his I her personality. · On the other hand, the organization, in regards with its rightful expectation of best offorts and dedication of the individuals towards the
Fatemeh Khodabakhsh; Mahmood Ziaee; Mohammad Taghi Taghavifard; Mohamad saleh Torkestani
Abstract
The tourism industry is considered the driving force of economic development, but at the same time it is very vulnerable. The purpose of this study is to design a model of risk management in the Iranian hotel industry; the exploratory mixed research method was used in the study. The statistical population ...
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The tourism industry is considered the driving force of economic development, but at the same time it is very vulnerable. The purpose of this study is to design a model of risk management in the Iranian hotel industry; the exploratory mixed research method was used in the study. The statistical population ,in the qualitative section consisted of academic and tourism industry experts, and in the quantitative section, staff of four or five star hotels in Tehran. , Yazd, Isfahan and Shiraz povince in the summer of 1400.in the qualitative part of the study judgment and snowballs sampling methods were used . Findings from the interview then were categorized using open, axial, and selective coding. Based on the findings the tourism risk management model in the Iranian hotel industry in two dimensions (external and internal), consisting of 13 components and 62 indicators was designed and compiled and the model was approved.
Mehran Alalhesabi; Mahboobeh Mazarei
Abstract
Today, historical contexts have been forgotten with the expansion of cities and their rapid growth. The design of urban spaces for the passage of cars has caused historical context destructions and the removal of pedestrians from these spaces. In addition, the presence of valuable elements in these contexts ...
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Today, historical contexts have been forgotten with the expansion of cities and their rapid growth. The design of urban spaces for the passage of cars has caused historical context destructions and the removal of pedestrians from these spaces. In addition, the presence of valuable elements in these contexts has made the need to protect the old context of cities even more apparent. The historical context of Bushehr city also contains a rich cultural heritage. Problems such as the buildings' destruction and the unfavorable visual condition, distinctive architecture, the lack of spatial connection between valuable historical elements, and cultural customs that are being forgotten, formed the idea of this research. This research solves these issues to identify the tourist route in the historical context with the culture-based tourism approach using a descriptive-analytical method. The information required for this study was extracted through library and field methods. After scrutiny of the studied area, it was analyzed by various methods such as interviews and related software. The research results indicate many tourism potentials in historical-cultural, religious, commercial, and customs fields in the historical context of Bushehr. In order to introduce these potentials to tourists, three different scenarios of tourism are defined in the historical context of Bushehr, which has been tried to have the most significant tourism potential. It is appropriate to introduce these potentials to local and foreign tourists by defining specific tourist routes in the historical context and leading to boost the residents' economy and brand the historical context of Bushehr.IntroductionThe historical context of Bushehr, which dates back to the Afshariya period, is one of the few historical contexts in Iran that have been provided for the formation of its urban skeleton in three different periods. Identifying tourist walking routes to establish spatial connections between valuable historical elements is one of the ways to save the historical context from decay and destruction. The lack of spatial communication through these routes leads to the forgetting of the context, the loss of identity and the forgetting of the authentic culture and old traditions of Bushehr, the absence of a good mentality towards the context, the lack of attention to the needs of the residents and the provision of the services they need, the destruction of the building and destruction of the urban landscape, lack of economic growth, and finally migration of primary residents and destruction of historic fabric. This research has been done to develop and facilitate tourism in the historical context of Bushehr with a tourism-based approach. Now, the critical issue is how to help attract tourists to Bushehr by regenerating the historical context of Bushehr city and identifying the tourism route in it. Materials and MethodsThe present study, in terms of purpose, has been applied to the research group. In terms of method, it has a descriptive-analytical and qualitative approach. The required information related to the research sample has been obtained through observation, field observations, interviews, and completed questionnaires from people living in the area and tourists.The research analysis is in such a way that criteria are determined for the extracted indicators so they can be checked. These criteria have been analyzed and checked by spatial analysis in the Arc GIS software. According to the 2016 census, the population of the historical context of Bushehr is estimated at 11,940 people. Based on the mentioned number and using Cochran's formula method, 372 questionnaires have been completed in the old context. Discussion and ResultsThe indicators of the presence of mixed-use and the existence of service and welfare facilities have been analyzed to investigate the performance component. Due to the location of commercial-service areas along the principal axes, access to residential areas located in the center of the neighborhoods is unfavorable. The mobility and accessibility component includes priority indicators for pedestrian versus vehicular movement, emergency vehicle passage, and access to public transportation stations. In general, the state of public transportation and the level of people's acceptance and use of it in Bushehr is unfavorable. The component of comfort and convenience has been examined by the index of the absence of noise and noise pollution, and the indicators of the presence of vegetation and green space and good sun exposure and shading have presented the environmental component. In order to examine the physical component, several indicators, such as centers and historical elements with capacity for development, the presence of physical permeability, and the rest, have been used. The safety and security component has been measured with two indicators the presence of night activities and the presence of residential units along the axis. The lack of night activities and lighting in the old context has reduced security at night. Social and cultural values include two indicators of cultural, historical, commercial, and religious signs and buildings (tangible cultural heritage) and collective and ritual ceremonies (intangible cultural heritage).CunclusionsThe first step in reviving the historical context of Bushehr is to identify the valuable historical and cultural elements. In order to determine the path of tourists in the historical context and design the selected route, three scenarios have been considered. In each scenario, the effort has been to cross the route with more historical monuments while maintaining the average length of the route and the proximity to the public transport station and passing nearby or the routes that can provide appropriate relief. The first scenario, the trip to old Lian, is 1.92 km long and mainly passes through the historical cores of the neighborhoods. In addition, this route passes through well-known and restored buildings. The second scenario is called the lost mansions, and with a length of 2.22 km, it connects the centers of the old neighborhoods of the past like a ring and, on its way, introduces many historical mansions that are less known to tourists. The third scenario is called market walking, and with a length of 1.48 km, it passes through the lines of the old market. In this way, it has been tried to introduce tourists to some historical and religious monuments and various ceremonies in addition to passing through the old market. By scoring based on the extracted indicators, the second scenario (lost mansions) was introduced as the best scenario.
Mohsen Akbari; Milad Houshmand Chaikhani; Hassan Motamed
Volume 10, Issue 31 , September 2015, , Pages 41-69
Abstract
Different cities have different features. They have huge investments, looking formore tourists to raise the return on investment. Word of mouth communication isone of the cheapest and the most valuable ways to develop tourism that hasattracted attention of many scholars. Military personnel can be viewed ...
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Different cities have different features. They have huge investments, looking formore tourists to raise the return on investment. Word of mouth communication isone of the cheapest and the most valuable ways to develop tourism that hasattracted attention of many scholars. Military personnel can be viewed as asource of WOM, because most of them spend many days in different cities. Thepurpose of this study is to investigate the effect of service quality on militarypersonnel WOM with the mediating role of satisfaction, city image and theirattitude toward the city. This research is descriptive applied in terms of purpose.Questionnaire was used to survey 390 military personnel in the north and northeast of Tehran. Structural Equation Modeling and Smart PLS software wereused to analyze the gathered data. Results show that services quality has apositive effect on tourists' satisfaction and city image. Also, Satisfaction and cityimage have positive effects on attitude toward the city. Finally, satisfaction, cityimage and attitude toward the city have positive effects on WOM. Service Quality, Urban Brand, Brand Image, Attitude toward Brand,WOM
Ali Mohamadi; Behzad Safaei
Abstract
Customers play an important role in successful organizations. Then, taking into consideration the demands and the needs of customers and also implementing innovation in products and services is so important. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, ...
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Customers play an important role in successful organizations. Then, taking into consideration the demands and the needs of customers and also implementing innovation in products and services is so important. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, learning orientation and human resource efforts on innovation and customer value in Iran 4-star and 5-star hotels. In order to achieve this goal, managers of these hotels were considered as the population of the study and a sample of 82 managers was selected. The data were collected by standard questioner and were analyzed using Structural Equation modeling, Partial Least Square method and PLS software (version 2). The results showed that there is a positive relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and human resources efforts with innovation and customer value, and also, there is a negative relationship between market orientation and innovation and its relationship with the customer value was not confirmed. The Relationship between learning orientation and innovation was rejected and its relationship with customer value was positive and significant.
mojtaba ghadirimasum; leila vosughi
Volume 3, Issue 8 , June 2005, , Pages 41-58
Abstract
Tourism is an old phenomenon that has been continuously changed during history and has been affected by economic, socio-cultural and technical conditions. In recent decade specially in 1980s and 1990s , widespread expansion of urbanization, communications and technology has changed tourism demand and ...
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Tourism is an old phenomenon that has been continuously changed during history and has been affected by economic, socio-cultural and technical conditions. In recent decade specially in 1980s and 1990s , widespread expansion of urbanization, communications and technology has changed tourism demand and market. The modern tourism is based on recreation-sportive activities and is called recreational tourism. New paradigm of tourism consumption, introduced Special Interest Tourism (SIT). These tourists seek personal experience full of varying intimacies, complexities and excitement. Adventure tourism, which is a rapidly expanding sector of the tourism industry internationally, is its clear sense. This type of tourism not only enjoys a special interest and a suitable market but are has appropriate potential for business and income.
hoseyn mohammadi; firuz ranjbar; masoumeh moghabel
Volume 4, Issue 11.12 , May 2006, , Pages 41-56
Abstract
Nowadays, the effect of climatic conditions on tourism activities is obvious. The aim of this study is to evaluate impact of climatic conditions on tourism
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Nowadays, the effect of climatic conditions on tourism activities is obvious. The aim of this study is to evaluate impact of climatic conditions on tourism
