Majid Goodarzi; Masoud Taghvaei; Ali Zangiabadi
Volume 8, Issue 23 , November 2013, , Pages 1-25
Abstract
Annually, many of tourists travel to other countries in order to cure themselves and enjoy the tourist attractions of the country simultaneously. Currently, this type of tourism is very common and has turned into as asset in the pursuit of sustainable development and economic fertility in most countries. ...
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Annually, many of tourists travel to other countries in order to cure themselves and enjoy the tourist attractions of the country simultaneously. Currently, this type of tourism is very common and has turned into as asset in the pursuit of sustainable development and economic fertility in most countries. Regarding the fact that tourism is a low-cost industry with a relatively good profit, many developing countries have taken advantage of it and planned for its development. In line with what said, the present study aims at investigating and evaluating the impacting factors on the medical tourism development in Shiraz megalopolis. The dominant approach of the study is developmental with a descriptive, analytical methodology based on survey. For analyzing the data and testing the hypotheses, multivariate regression and path analysis were used. The statistical analysis was done by SPSS 19.0 and the map was drawn by Arc GIS. Findings depicted that while all the quality, culture, facilities, possibilities and ICT factors had a direct and positive relationship with the development of medical tourism, price bore a negative and reverse effect on it. In other words, the more prices increased, the less medical tourism developed and vice versa. Path analysis of the above mentioned also showed that all the factors namely, price, quality, culture, facilities, possibilities and ICT, in a direct and indirect way influenced the development of medical tourism in Shiraz.
ali Khaksari; Masoumeh Dehghan
Volume 9, Issue 27 , October 2014, , Pages 1-22
Abstract
The rise in urbanization and separation of the human being from the nature and Becker environment caused him turn to the nature and pay special attention to ecotourism on holiday. Growth of ecotourism has led to emergence of different types of tourism based on nature, one of these types is adventure ...
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The rise in urbanization and separation of the human being from the nature and Becker environment caused him turn to the nature and pay special attention to ecotourism on holiday. Growth of ecotourism has led to emergence of different types of tourism based on nature, one of these types is adventure tourism and in recent years, demands for that are increased in tourism market. Due to various climates which exist in Iran, this country has ability and potential capacity to receive adventure tourist in several area. One of these adventure tourism areas is desert trekking which according to the zone area of Iran, variety of geomorphology of these regions and existence of rare flora and fauna, there is favorable context for the expansion of this kind of tourism. This study by using S.W.O.T technique and determination of strength, weakness, opportunity and threat points has evaluated capacity of this tourism. Performed Analyzes show existence of favorable conditions in Iran’ kefir for booming these kinds of tourism which by appropriate planning in addition to reinforcing weakness points and use of opportunity, can overcame threat and flow this potential capability.
Ali Delavar; Esmail Gaderi; Nima Majdi
Volume 9, Issue 28 , March 2015, , Pages 1-16
Abstract
This study investigate the role of social media in Iran is developing a tourism marketing. This way with the help of a questionnaire survey on 250 travel offices marketing experts specializing in domestic and overseas leisure tourism in the city of Tehran, they were carried out. According to this study, ...
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This study investigate the role of social media in Iran is developing a tourism marketing. This way with the help of a questionnaire survey on 250 travel offices marketing experts specializing in domestic and overseas leisure tourism in the city of Tehran, they were carried out. According to this study, the role of social media, particularly media images and video clips to function in the development of electronic tourism industry should be more considered. The photos and videos introducing tourists to the tourism potential in the virtual space is a factor that has a direct impact on the choice of tourist destinations by international tourists. With the increasing use of social networks, content communities, blogs, e-tourism marketing capabilities increase, but overall we can say that social media still have not been able to find its place in the development of e-tourism marketing and this difference is due to the characteristics of different marketing communication and social media with the mass media.
Mir Ali Seyed Naghavi; Ghadire Shakiba Jamal Abad
Volume 8, Issue 21 , April 2013, , Pages 1-27
Abstract
Tourism industry has a special status of commerce and economic planning in today's world and has decisive role in national income. Also e-business has penetrated as a requirement in different parts of the world trade and is known as a key factor in determining business goals. Therefore, accurate and ...
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Tourism industry has a special status of commerce and economic planning in today's world and has decisive role in national income. Also e-business has penetrated as a requirement in different parts of the world trade and is known as a key factor in determining business goals. Therefore, accurate and consistent development of e-tourism can bring prosperity of any country's economic infrastructure as one of the important tools in today's world economic recovery. The purpose of this study is to provide a conceptual model to identify factors influencing the creation of trust in the electronic tourism. The model presented, based on the theoretical principles of the research, splits e-trust process into three steps. The survey research has been done by using a questionnaire on a sample size of 131 and the population who have done travel things like hotel reservation, booking and buying tickets and gaining information about travel destinations in electronic form. Then the research model was fitted by LISREL software and hypothesis of research were examined and finally e-satisfaction, reputation and e-quality were identified as indicators of e-trust.
Maryam Akhavan Kharazyan; Bahareh Rikhtegaran
Volume 10, Issue 29 , April 2016, , Pages 1-19
Abstract
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) plays a very essential role in organization strategies because of the globalization, increase of competition and rapid advances of technology at businesses. On the other hand, in today's world, social networks (medias) have a very important role in the lives of ...
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Customer Relationship Management (CRM) plays a very essential role in organization strategies because of the globalization, increase of competition and rapid advances of technology at businesses. On the other hand, in today's world, social networks (medias) have a very important role in the lives of people, so that these medias are the integral part of today's life. With increasing the popularity of these networks among Iranian users, it has become a place where people can exchange information. And it also has an accessibility for extracting people’s interests. The combination of these two subjects can be a key business strategy that is so important in service organizations of developed countries. Hence, to identify the usage barriers of social networks in the Iran service organizations, after extracting effective elements from the previous studies, three hypotheses were compiled. And also a sample of 542 customers was selected and a questionnaire with LICERT scale (spectrum) was designed. The sample was distributed among experts and professors of Marketing and Management, to assess the outward validity and content of tools, desirably. Crunbach’s alpha coefficients had the appropriate level for all of the variables. after analyzing the heuristic factor and confirmatory, the results show that technological and legal factors, have the most effect as an obstacle on the usage of social networks in order to communicate with customer's demographic features analyzed according to the descriptive statistics and Friedman ranking performed for completion of results.
Sahar Samiee; Maryam Sadat Ghiasian
Volume 10, Issue 31 , September 2015, , Pages 1-18
Abstract
The primary purpose of the research is to find the discursive strategies bywhich Iranian managers and elite legitimize or delegitimize discourses ontourism in Iran and the secondary purpose is to find the differences betweengovernmental and nongovernmental discursive legitimacy of managers and elitein ...
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The primary purpose of the research is to find the discursive strategies bywhich Iranian managers and elite legitimize or delegitimize discourses ontourism in Iran and the secondary purpose is to find the differences betweengovernmental and nongovernmental discursive legitimacy of managers and elitein Iran. Critical Discourse Analysis of Van Leeuwen(2008) has been selected asa method of analysis . The population is 70 articles consist of news, interviewsand speeches on tourism and 23 of all were selected purposefully as thesamples. Both groups of governmental and nongovernmental managers and elitehave legitimized positive interaction with the world and the security of Iran buthave delegitimized the situation of tourism infrastructure and negativepropaganda against Iran. Governmental sector agrees presence of privatesector but with monitoring services of travel agencies, while private sectordemands reduction of the role of government in this field.
Mehdi Haghighi Kafash; Hamed Bagheri
Abstract
The chief goal of hotels is to satisfy and retain their customers.Previous researches have shown that contented hotel guests are morelikely to revisit a hotel than guests who were somehow dissatisfied.This study attempts to scrutinize the relationship between servicequality perceptions and customer loyalty ...
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The chief goal of hotels is to satisfy and retain their customers.Previous researches have shown that contented hotel guests are morelikely to revisit a hotel than guests who were somehow dissatisfied.This study attempts to scrutinize the relationship between servicequality perceptions and customer loyalty in the hotels located in thecity of Shiraz. The other specific purposes of this study are thefollowing: 1) to investigate the perceived service quality and customerloyalty in hotels of Shiraz, 2) to scrutinize relations between servicequality and customer loyalty dimensions, and 3) to providesuggestions to improve service quality and customer loyalty in thefour-star hotels of Shiraz. In this research, perceived service qualitywas measured through five dimensions of SERVQUAL (tangibles,reliability, assurance, responsiveness, and empathy) developed byParasuraman et al. (1988). Also, customer loyalty was measured bythe questionnaire developed by Skogland and Siguaw (2004).Afterwards, 196 questionnaires were collected and analyzed usingKolmogorov- Smirnov (K-S) test, Spearman correlation coefficient,and Binomial Test. Results demonstrated a strong correlation betweenservice quality perceptions and customer’s loyalty. Furthermore,among the 5 dimensions of Servqual (tangibles, reliability, assurance,responsiveness, and empathy), the tangibles dimension showed theleast correlation with customer loyalty, emphasizing more importanceon human elements of service quality.
sirous ghanbari; Mohammad Hossein Dehghan; Hossein Miraki Anari
Volume 10, Issue 32 , March 2016, , Pages 1-20
Abstract
Nowadays, rural tourism is considered as an important part of economic activity. This main economic activity is taken into consideration from different points of view. On the one hand, it is looked as a policy for diversifying the economy of rural communities. On the other hand, it is considered as a ...
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Nowadays, rural tourism is considered as an important part of economic activity. This main economic activity is taken into consideration from different points of view. On the one hand, it is looked as a policy for diversifying the economy of rural communities. On the other hand, it is considered as a mean to reach mobility and national economic growth. Rural tourism can create opportunities and possibilities for rural employment and income. It develops small businesses and provides jobs. Regarding this, the main question of present study: by which means and under which circumstances, tourism, affects rural entrepreneurship development? The aim of this study is to analyze and evaluate the factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship in rural areas in central part of Anar. The research is descriptive in terms of method. Data were gathered from library research and field study, in which, a questionnaire was applied. The population of the study consists of a sample of 30 directors, 90 local authorities and rural residents, who were selected by Simple Random sampling. The SWOT model was applied in order to analyze data. The results showed that the factors related to the strength had the highest rating in the study. Also, “being located on the main roads of the country" among the strengths, "weak entrepreneurial culture among residents" and " negligence of officials" among the weaknesses, "more varied ways to make money" among opportunities and "the destruction of ancient monuments and historic buildings" and "changes in land use and landscape of the village" were among the threats were the most important sub factors in rating. According to the scores of the matrix of internal and external factors, the extracted strategy is to maintaining and protecting.
Farzaneh Abouhashem Abadi
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to identify and determine the components andsuggested content for medical tourism facilitators to attract prospective medicaltourists. To achieve this goal, a two-phase strategy was used. First, top facilitatorwebsites of medical tourism have been identified from googling ...
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The main purpose of this study is to identify and determine the components andsuggested content for medical tourism facilitators to attract prospective medicaltourists. To achieve this goal, a two-phase strategy was used. First, top facilitatorwebsites of medical tourism have been identified from googling seven keywords.Then, a Suggested content have been developed using extracted information andservices. All of the selected websites have been studied based on the qualitativeconcept analysis. As a result, different kinds of information and services wereoffered to medical tourists were identified and classified in three levels regardingtheir importance. Therefore a suggested content were presented to introduce andclassify the mentioned services and information. And after, the websites were rankedusing qualitative content analysis approach and their frequency and repetition wereconfirmed. The results show that in these facilitator websites, the concept of medicaloptions introduction has the most importance. Website facilities introduction,medical tourism introduction, the website introduction and the reviews of customers,were ranked next in importance.
shamsosadat zahedi
mehdi kazemi
Volume 1, Issue 3 , March 2004, , Pages 1-16
Abstract
In spite of considerable growth of tourism industry in recent decades and it's important economic and cultural role in destinations, there is not consensus in tourism development and its outcomes, and few analysis have been done on the residents' attitude. Much of the recent studies are focused on economic ...
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In spite of considerable growth of tourism industry in recent decades and it's important economic and cultural role in destinations, there is not consensus in tourism development and its outcomes, and few analysis have been done on the residents' attitude. Much of the recent studies are focused on economic effects of tourism development. Because of this reality, this paper focuses on residents perceptions into economic & cultural effects of tourism development.
seydnezamodin makyan; mahmood naderibani
Volume 2, Issue 4 , June 2004, , Pages 1-15
abolfazl tajzadehnamin
Volume 2, Issue 5 , September 2004, , Pages 1-26
Abstract
This paper emphasizes on the need to formulate code of ethics for tourism in Iran. To achieve this, the author, firstly has emphasized on the importance of tourism in international area, as well as sectors, organizations, the relevant stakeholders and participants. In the meanwhile, regarding to the ...
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This paper emphasizes on the need to formulate code of ethics for tourism in Iran. To achieve this, the author, firstly has emphasized on the importance of tourism in international area, as well as sectors, organizations, the relevant stakeholders and participants. In the meanwhile, regarding to the issues about sustainable tourism and the associated concepts, it is highlighted that the concept of development should not be just regarded from the economic perspective. This means the major focus is on the creation of change, changing the behavior, goals and a method by which one recognize and react the surrounded world. From this perspective, the author believes that the demonstration of the right behavior, especially in the tourism area (i.e. host and guest societies), is based on the code of ethics formulation. The lack of such an important link is repeatedly reminded in this article. In this paper, it is also emphasized that the code of ethic is a cultural concept. For highlighting such a relationship, the author pursues well-informed goals. opts for tourism forms compatible with its whole. develops operational scenarios for both foreseeable and unforeseeable turns, and -significantly- treats tourism not just as an industry, but also as an important activity benefiting the local community, yet connecting and contextualizing all host and guest systems: into the global village in which different nations of the world have taken membership (Jafari l 987). There is no other way to say this: sustainability of tourism lies outside its traditional parameters. and so do its predictable and unpredictable futures. Tourism-as a sociocultural phenomenon. as an economic tool, as a geopolitical force. as an institutionalized practice at and away from home - is too important to be left to itself, unguided in the hand of the industry alone. The public platform has a job to do, and all that ahead of it. acknowledgement-a slightly different version of this paper was presented at a 2003 UNESCO conference held in Havana, Cuba. scheduled to appear in a UNESCO publication. The present version appeared in Informe Economic 2003 i Social de Les Illes Balears, pages 156-164, 2004 (Palma de Mallorca: Caixa de Balears SA NOSTRA).
hamid zargam
Volume 2, Issue 6 , December 2004, , Pages 1-18
mehdi rastghalam; seyedahmad khatunabadi
Volume 2, Issue 7 , March 2005, , Pages 1-18
Abstract
Branding is one of the determinants of brand equity in the global hotel industry. This study aims to investigate the mediating effects of consumer satisfaction on the relationship between consumer-based brand equity and brand loyalty in Pars Hotels Investment Company. The conceptual model embraces independent ...
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Branding is one of the determinants of brand equity in the global hotel industry. This study aims to investigate the mediating effects of consumer satisfaction on the relationship between consumer-based brand equity and brand loyalty in Pars Hotels Investment Company. The conceptual model embraces independent variables of physical quality, staff behavior, ideal self-congruence, brand identity, lifestyle- congruence, and brand awareness; mediator variable of consumer satisfaction; and dependent variable of brand loyalty. This study is a survey type research. As for the sampling technique, multi-stage sampling is used with 385 guests of Pars Hotels in Kerman and Tabriz constituting the sample population. In the data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis is used to confirm the model and the structural equations (simultaneous multiple regression analysis) to answer the hypotheses. Our findings revealed that the physical quality, staff behavior, ideal self-congruence, brand identity, lifestyle- congruence, and brand awareness have significant direct impact on consumer satisfaction; consumer satisfaction has a significant direct impact on brand loyalty; and consumer satisfaction mediates the effects of physical quality, staff behavior, ideal self-congruence, brand identity, lifestyle-congruence, and brand awareness on brand loyalty.
mohamadreza farzin
Volume 3, Issue 8 , June 2005, , Pages 1-21
Abstract
"Tourism" is one of the new subject of human science studies and has received attention in its various aspects throughout the world. Tourism has gained such a recognition on account of this economic importance and social impacts. The inadequacy of the present organization and companies to meet the current ...
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"Tourism" is one of the new subject of human science studies and has received attention in its various aspects throughout the world. Tourism has gained such a recognition on account of this economic importance and social impacts. The inadequacy of the present organization and companies to meet the current and future needs of those members of the lower and middle class of society who wish to travel, has created a potentially suitable situation for the presence of cooperatives in tourism industry. On the other hand, A significant part of " rural and urban council" consider tourism as a culturally and economically influential activity, but they cannot organize it well and empower it. In such circumstances, cooperatives can play an important role, as well. This paper is to identify the position of Iran's, tourism cooperatives among similar cooperatives in other, countries, and to analyze the existing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and trace the root of them. Understanding the nature of cooperatives, tourism and tourism cooperatives, placing Iran's tourism cooperatives among other cooperatives and benefiting from the experiences of tourism cooperatives of eight selected countries are the main topics of this paper. Finally, the findings of this research lead to policies to improve and develop the situation of Iran's tourism cooperatives.
kamran feizi; alfered sarkisian
Volume 3, Issue 9 , August 2005, , Pages 1-23
Abstract
This paper attempts to clarify the domain of qualitative research. To this end, the paper delineates the paradigmatic underpinning of qualitative and quantitative research, explores the characteristics of the qualitative researcher and introduces some of the strategies of qualitative research. Quality ...
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This paper attempts to clarify the domain of qualitative research. To this end, the paper delineates the paradigmatic underpinning of qualitative and quantitative research, explores the characteristics of the qualitative researcher and introduces some of the strategies of qualitative research. Quality in qualitative research has been the subject of considerable debate and there are differing views on the issue. This paper reviews two broad perspectives to quality in qualitative research and their respective quality criteria.
mahmud ziai; ruzbeh mirzaee
Volume 3, Issue 10 , November 2005, , Pages 1-34
Abstract
Ever-increasing on protected areas as tourism destinations, and development of tourism activities within those areas may be regarded as an opportunity for local community and preservation of natural resources: yet, there exists concerns for ineffective management in such areas(Hockings and Philips,2003). ...
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Ever-increasing on protected areas as tourism destinations, and development of tourism activities within those areas may be regarded as an opportunity for local community and preservation of natural resources: yet, there exists concerns for ineffective management in such areas(Hockings and Philips,2003). Without a systematic and knowledge-based management, any imprudent change in land use and uncontrolled tourism development can be a serious threat against these areas. Global and national experiences show irreversible changes to the environment and devastation of fragile, yet worthy ecosystems. Southern coast of Caspian Sea in one of the most long- established and important tourism destinations in Iran, and its core product it nature- baded tourism. A considerable portion of ecotourism takes place in protected areas and Northern littoral of Iran are potential ecotourism destinations. Despite the fact that natural resource protection started more than 50 years ago in Iran, the surveys show the management system of these areas is not effective and efficient enough. This paper evaluates the ecotourism porentials of protected areas of Northern waterfront provinces of Iran: and through a comparative study,it compares the management system of these areas with those of other areas across the world. Then, the management model of "Miankale Wildlife Refuge" is evaluated. The results show that the management system of "Miankale Wildlife Refuge" is traditional and classic, in which the area is considered as a museum and the only concern is protecting the environment. In this approach tourism is
shams -o- sadat zahedi
Volume 4, Issue 11.12 , May 2006, , Pages 1-22
Abstract
Rapid and uncontrolled tourism development has exposed the fragile environment to an ever-increasing risk of degradation. Unfortunately, both public and private sectors have been working to the detriment of the environment. In fact, tourism development has interfaced with the original characteristics ...
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Rapid and uncontrolled tourism development has exposed the fragile environment to an ever-increasing risk of degradation. Unfortunately, both public and private sectors have been working to the detriment of the environment. In fact, tourism development has interfaced with the original characteristics of the area upon which it relied for attracting tourists. This means that tourism industry although mostly is ecologically based, it is not ecologically sound. These facts have increased awareness of tourism impact on environment amongst academics and social sectors. The author believes that sustainable development principles must become more serious and applicable and all three sectors i.e. public, private and social sectors, should commit themselves to move towards sustainability of environment. The article ends with suggesting a general framework for assessing tourism impacts on environment in the hope of effective transition towards sustainability in planning and development of tourism industry.
seyed saeeda ardakani; seyed habib o llah mirghafouri; shahin barghi
Volume 5, Issue 13 , November 2010, , Pages 1-24
Abstract
The Tourism industry is one of the most important resources of income for countries. Therefore, the government and the tourism agencies in Iran need to find new and reliable ways to meet the long- run goals to successfully capture whatever market share is available. Tourism planning and management, starts ...
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The Tourism industry is one of the most important resources of income for countries. Therefore, the government and the tourism agencies in Iran need to find new and reliable ways to meet the long- run goals to successfully capture whatever market share is available. Tourism planning and management, starts with the identification of factors affecting tourism development. This study attempts to assess foreign tourists satisfaction with the tourism facilities and services of Shiraz’ tourist spots, while exploring their characteristics. The factors affecting foreign tourists satisfaction were identified according to the prevailing literature and the experts’ viewpoints. Then, using factor analysis, the main factors were extracted, and by applying AHP technique, the importance coefficient of each factor was calculated. The results revealed that “The attitude of Iranian natives towards tourists”, “Iranian life style, customs, and culture”, “The safety and security” and “Difficulties with Communication”, are the main factors which their betterment can lead to a higher level of foreign tourists’ satisfaction in Shiraz.
abdol reza rokn - o - din eftekhari; davood mahdavi; mehdi poor taheri
Volume 5, Issue 14 , February 2011, , Pages 1-39
Abstract
For the past two decades, with the advent of sustainable development paradigm in tourism, concerns have been raised about the undesirable and destructive effects of mass tourism, and in this context many empirical studies and actions have been undertaken to operationalize this concept and its evaluation ...
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For the past two decades, with the advent of sustainable development paradigm in tourism, concerns have been raised about the undesirable and destructive effects of mass tourism, and in this context many empirical studies and actions have been undertaken to operationalize this concept and its evaluation models. On the other hand, the manner of implementation and assessment of this progress has introduced a lot of challenges to the concept. This paper seeks to answer this key question: based on dimensions and effective indicators of sustainable development of rural tourism, what level of sustainability the historical-cultural villages of the country possess? We aim to develop a practical method for evaluating and monitoring the progresses made towards sustainable rural tourism development (SRTD) in terms of quality of human and natural systems, and to evaluate the sustainability level of tourism development in the historical-cultural villages of Iran during a specific period of time. With a descriptive- analytical methodology, and with utilization of barometer and sustainability radar, we surveyed the locals', tourists’, and authorities' opinions to assess and measure the progress towards the mentioned goal. Results indicated that the social and economic dimensions of tourism in these villages are more sustainable than environmental aspect, and that the historical-cultural villages of Iran have a relatively poor level of sustainability in general. Therefore, in order to advance towards SRTD in historical - cultural villages, it is necessary to create balance among the main elements of SRTD: fulfillment of local residents’ interests and needs, satisfaction of tourists, and maintenance of environmental values.
leyla vosughi; fazileh dadvar khani; seyed hasan motiee langerudi; mohammad taghi rahnamai
Abstract
The main objective of this research is to recognize the important factors of winter tourists’ satisfaction, with emphasis on ski resorts’ attributes. One of the most important requirements of successful tourism development is the tourists’ satisfaction as a main component of tourism ...
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The main objective of this research is to recognize the important factors of winter tourists’ satisfaction, with emphasis on ski resorts’ attributes. One of the most important requirements of successful tourism development is the tourists’ satisfaction as a main component of tourism system. Tourism development without awareness of tourists’ satisfaction is not possible. Winter tourism as a seasonal phenomenon has been growing in the recent years all over the world. Some attributes of winter tourism makes it different from other types of tourism, as a result, tourists’ expectations and perceived qualities are evaluated separately. Our research areas are two ski resorts located in Shemshak and Darbansar villages in the vicinity of Tehran. This study is a descriptive- analytic research and the data was collected using a self-structured questionnaire. The sample population of the research were ski tourists who visited these pistes in Esfand (20Feb - 20Mar) 1389, out of whom 150 people were randomly chosen. The method employed for measuring satisfaction of tourists was Structural Equation. Results indicate that tourists are satisfied with these destinations but this satisfaction is more due to the personal enthusiasm for ski and the area’s attributes, rather than a proper provision of supplies.
abbas ahmadi; abdollah baneshi; rahim mohtaram felani
Abstract
Very little work has been carried out exploring the factors influencing the decision making for hotel activities outsourcing. For this reason the current research, by focusing on TCE, seeks to understand and identify the factors that influence managers’ decision making about hotel activities outsourcing. ...
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Very little work has been carried out exploring the factors influencing the decision making for hotel activities outsourcing. For this reason the current research, by focusing on TCE, seeks to understand and identify the factors that influence managers’ decision making about hotel activities outsourcing. From among the three dimensions involved in TCE, Specific Assets is selected as the focal point of the study. Each of the six types of assets, discussed by Williams, is investigated for its influence on the outsourcing decision making. Therefore, six hypotheses are defined to test the linkage between each type of the specific assets and activities outsourcing. The research method is survey, conducted by questionnaire and semi- structured interviews. Spearman’s bivariate correlation test is performed to explore existence of meaningful relationships among variables. Findings refute two hypotheses and approve four of them. Temporal and physical specific assets are found to have no meaningful relationship with activities outsourcing; and hotels prefer to perform these activities themselves. The other four types of assets may cause hotel managers to outsource their activities.
zohreh dehdashti shahrokh; jamshid salehi sedghiani; azin harandi
Volume 7, Issue 17 , March 2012, , Pages 1-32
Abstract
The relationship between tourism and agriculture has been a challenging liaison in the tourism development literature. The state of relationship between these two important industries varies through a two-poled spectrum in which conflict is on one end and growth on the other. Given that most tourism ...
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The relationship between tourism and agriculture has been a challenging liaison in the tourism development literature. The state of relationship between these two important industries varies through a two-poled spectrum in which conflict is on one end and growth on the other. Given that most tourism destinations of the world are faced with rapid changes, adjusting the relationship between the two industries to move from a conflicting stance into a compatible situation, is a challenge for spatial management and planning. Coastal areas of Caspian Sea are concurrently agricultural and touristic destinations. With the increasing changes of the area in the recent decades, the relationship quality between the two sectors has become a critical issue in planning and regional development. Being this a matter of great concern in the region, this paper aims to investigate the entity of relationship between tourism and agriculture, and to identify the factors affecting the manner of this relationship, and finally to suggest some solutions. A survey analysis was conducted upon a statistical population consisting of farmers, administrations, real estate agents, and lawyers from two different areas: mountainous region of Chalous and plain lands of Nowshahr County. Results indicated that the relationship between stated industries is of the winner-loser type, being conflicting and destructive; as a matter of weaknesses in land-use management mechanisms, grave weaknesses in agriculture sector, mushrooming of real-estate agencies all around the area, and farmers’ attitudes regarding welfare—not expecting it to be achieved by way of agriculture. Finally the followings are suggested: Effective support of strategic agricultural products by government, reformation of land laws and regulations, establishing coherent executive and use-management mechanisms, and formulation of a structural-strategic plan for the purpose of spatial development in the region
seyed sadrodin shariati; akbar pour faraj; mohammad heydari
Volume 7, Issue 18 , August 2012, , Pages 1-23
Abstract
Visiting cultural and historical destinations is one of the largest, most pervasive, and fastest growing trends in tourism industry. It is well known that both tangible and intangible legacies of Islamic civilization have created a great potential to develop religious heritage tourism in religious destinations ...
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Visiting cultural and historical destinations is one of the largest, most pervasive, and fastest growing trends in tourism industry. It is well known that both tangible and intangible legacies of Islamic civilization have created a great potential to develop religious heritage tourism in religious destinations of Iran. The holy city of Qom, which embodies a large range of Islamic heritage, is one of such destinations able to foster tourism. This study reviews the role of Islamic civilization in tourism development and identifies factors affecting it in Qom. The research is of survey type and questionnaires were distributed among the tourism experts of Qom. Results approved all the predefined indexes. Factors of Islamic civilization that affect tourism development in Qom, are the following respectively: pilgrimage places, spiritual ambiance, Islamic traditions, being historical , Islamic museums, sacred natural sites, Islamic monuments, Islamic culinary traditions, Islamic arts and crafts, Islamic performing arts, Islamic music, Islamic medicine, Islamic literature and poets, and Islamic traditional sports. Since, both tangible and intangible legacies of Islamic civilization were proved to have influence on the development of religious tourism destination of Qom, the author suggested that Islamic intangible heritage should be promoted and developed alongside other Islamic tangible masterpieces.
