Tourism Management Studies

Abstract The aim of present study is to investigate the effect of constraints on the
motivation of ski resort tourists. The population includes all of ski resort tourists
in Shemshak and Tochal stations which has attended in sports at least three
times in the year. Regarding to unfeasibility of certain population and uncertain
size, the sample size was determined through Cochran formula (N=141). The
data were gathered by Wei (2008) questionnaire. Reliability was tested through
Alpha Cronbach for constraints and motivation as 0.756 and 0.898, respectively.
In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation)
and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov, Smirnoff, correlation coefficient of
Pearson, and multi-various linear Regression) were used at the level of P≤0.05.
The results showed that there was meaningful reverse relationship between
constraints and its dimensions and motivation of ski resort tourists (r- 0.362,
P=0.001). Also, the interpersonal factors (t=2.251, B=0.247) and structural
factors (t=2.331, B=0.238) were the most effective predictors. Therefore,
regarding to the results, facilitating the tourists’ attendance through training
and taking advantage of experiences in the field of ski and resolving structural
constraints in order to provide security for tourists is so important for enhancing
their motivation and continuous attendance in sky resorts

Abstract The aim of this study is to design a model for barriers to sport tourism development
in Mashhad. The present study is applied based on aim and descriptive-correlation
based on method. The population were professors and experts of sport management
in Mashhad. The data collection instrument was the questionnaire that Goldi
Goukelani (2011) used it in her research. At the level of inferential statistics.
Statistical analysis showed that problems of management and human resources
have a significant impact on sport tourism (β=0.568, P<0.05). Barriers of legal
sponsor have a significant impact on sport tourism (β=0.24, P<0.05). Marketing
barriers have a significant impact on sport tourism (β=0.107, P<0.05), as well.
Problems and barriers of infrastructure and facilities has a significant impact on
sport tourism (β=0.158, P<0.05).Weakness of research and study has a significant
impact on sport tourism (β=0.568, P<0.05). And finally, cultural and educational
barriers have a significant impact on sport tourism (β=0.568, P<0.05).

Abstract As a new discipline, geotourism is a part of the nature-based tourism that relies on natural resources and geology. Geosites and geomorphosites are considered as infrastructure of geodiversity by the geomorphological and geological tourists. Geotourism has formed recently and elapsed its early stages of
development. Iran is a country with a wide range of phenomena. Hence, to find the potentials for regional geotourism or capability of the geoparks, many researchers have been sought to assess the areas (of) geosites and geomorphosites in Iran, and in the world as well. The purpose of this study is to review some assessment methods of geosites and geomorphosites by 2015 and to extract their strengths and weaknesses in order to express a comprehensive method for assessing geomorphotourism areas. Analytical documents and
adaptive methods are used in this research. Results of the study show that the Comanescu method is the perfect way to assess geomorphosites now. Moreover, the evaluation has been weak geomorphosites service role. Pralong, Lucie Kubalíková, Brilha and Charalampos Fassoulas methods are important in the next stage. However, in parts of the evaluation, they do not show all the potentials of a geomorphosite. Most of the methods in Iran are not in a comprehensive way to assess geomorphosites. Consequently, the present article
has tried to propose a new method in order to maintain the strengths of the methods and reduce their weaknesses.

Abstract Traditionally, the impacts of tourism can be studied as the social, cultural, economic and environmental impacts. The aim of this study is to provide a model to explain the effects of Rose festival in the county of Kashan. The sample size was calculated based on Cochran method as 200. To analyze the data, SPSS22 and AMOS22 were used. The results indicate that, the Rose festival affected in terms of environmental, physical, social and economic. Economic factors, is dedicated as playing the most important role in explaining the effects of Rose festival. Another important factor is the environmental factor that is influenced by Rose Festival and the development of tourism. This factor is accounted for the largest number of variables. Another important factor that is influenced by development of tourism and the Rose Festival is the physical
factor. The last factor is social. Being of a minimum load factor compares to other factors indicates that the social texture of Kashan resist against change and this area still retains its local identity.

Abstract Nowadays, despite the advantages of the Internet promotion in tourism industry, it is necessary to have a comprehensive knowledge of the concept of electronic loyalty and its affecting factors. This study examines the effect of loyalty and trust in Ecommerce on Shopping online for tourism products and services. The population of the study were customers of a well-known travel agency, who were using online services of the agency. Simple random sampling method was used in order to distribute the questionnaire. Also, Cochran formula was applied to determine the sample size, and the result was 82. Data analysis was done by using Smart PLS and the statistical method used in this study is Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed that functionality and perceived security of the website impact on trust and satisfaction, also cost impacts on satisfaction, but cost has no effect on trust and this hypothesis was rejected. The results confirmed the impact of trust and satisfaction on loyalty.

Abstract Trust is the beginning point of any relationship and a key element in trade. The relationship between buyer and seller in an online trade is not apart from this .Trusting plays an important role in attracting tourists to Iran through E-tourism. It can be used as an appropriate strategy to create competitive advantages. Therefore, the purpose of present study is to investigate the factors affecting E- trust in tourism sector. The research is descriptive and correlational. The population of this study were the users which at least once have used online tourism services and the sample size was 388 .A questionnaire was applied in order to collect the data. In addition, SPSS 16 and Amos18 were used to analyze the research data. The result showed that user characteristics and website characteristics have a positive impact on electronic trust. Thus, by identifying these  factors, suggestions can be provided to increase users’ trust toward travel agencies.