Tourism Management Studies

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Abstract All WTO-member countries recognize that their continued success in tourism will depend on how well their present and future workforces are prepared to respond to various needs of this multifaceted industry. Countries which depend on its economic earnings understand the centrality of human resources development (HRD) in tourism operation and management, knowing too well that popularity and continued sustainable growth of their destinations is directly related to the quality of their tourism workforce. And this fact is internalized and acted upon as they begin to compete for their share in this very competitive global industry. Efforts in tourism education and training are being assumed by at least three main stakeholders: government agencies, private and public universities, and industry sectors. They use a combination of HRD models in order to effectively respond to the destination management needs in their respective countries.

Abstract Producivity is the standard by which human power in using resources to achieve their desired goal, is determined. In recent years this standard has seen an upmost attention in calculating technologies in industrial and service productivity industries. Value added methodology is a comprehensive way of measuring producing of all producing factors in a particular unit. In this case study we have interested recent changes in the hoteling industry in Iran, along with our investigation we have selected Esteghlal hotel. A 5 star hotel located in Tehran-as our case study. We have analyzed the productivity of this hotel in the period of 4 years (1996-2000). Results has shown that the foreign rate of occupation of hotel rooms-has increased in this hotel. Which in turn has resulted in an increase in hotel revenue. But still we have not seen any creativity and change in other parts of the hotel such as food and beverage.

Abstract Probably the greatest single deterrent to tourism development is the lack of appreciation and enthusiasm for tourism by civic and business leaders. When tourism is not understood and its behefits are unclear, planning and implementation of measures to improve the industry are often lacking. Global tourism has become the largest industry in the world, with nearly 500 million consumers of tourism services per year spending hundreds of billions of dollars. The industry provides employment to over 100 million peopel worldwide. In view of tourism's increasing role in economic activity, the factors affecting its performance should be analyzed. An understanding of these factors is crucial to determine the ways in which national and international financial institutions, NGOs, and other entities can play the most value-adding role. This paper provides a brief profile of key factors and trends in tourism and their economic effects at the global, national and regional levels.