Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Abstract
Ganjali khan caravansary is the most invaluable structure in Safavid era.This complex can be considered as an art museum of Safavid era in Kerman. Façade of Ganjali khan caravansary shines as a pearl in this invaluable
complex because of the tiling applied in the façade, including different decorations such as geometric, vegetative, human and symbolic motifs which has brought about a beautiful coordination visually and semantically. Due to analytic-descriptive results obtained from this study, it is followed that artists of façade structure could create a new and attractive composition by putting together different beautiful pictorial shapes and inscriptions all of which suggests a certain meaning. In addition to aesthetics, they attract soul
and thought of the spectator and they lead spectator’s mind beyond apparent
meaning. This meaning shows movement i.e. moving from material world to
eternal one. The present article has been adjusted analytically and
descriptively with focus on field studies and it has done inferentially.
Keywords
بارو، کریستوفر( 1380 ). اصول و روش های مدیریت زیست محیطی، ترجمة مهرداد اندرودی، تهران: کنگره. پناهنده، محمد؛ عابدین زاده، نیلوفر.( 1389 ). ارزیابی اثرات زیست محیطی کارخانه .87- کمپوست یزد، فصلنامه ی علوم و تکنولوژی محیط زیست، شماره 46 ، ص 99
شکاف نگرش، دانش و رفتار زیست محیطی » ( فاضلی، محمد،جعفرصالحی، سحر.( 1392 ، فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت گردشگری، سال هشتم، شماره 22 ، « گردشگران
.137- صص
شکاف نگرش، دانش و رفتار زیست محیطی » ( فاضلی، محمد،جعفرصالحی، سحر.( 1392 ، فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت گردشگری، سال هشتم، شماره 22 ، « گردشگران
.137- صص
فیروزجائیان، علی اصغر، صالحی، صادق؛ غلامرضازاده، فاطمه( 1394 ،« ( شناختی زباله ریزی در بین گردشگران(مطالعه موردی:گردشگران استان مازندران .168- مجله برنامه ریزی و توسعه گردشگری، سال چهارم، شماره 13 ،صص 186
غلامرضازاده، فاطمه.( 1393 ) تبیین جامعه شناختی رفتار زباله پراکنی در بین شهروندان (مطالعه موردی: گردشگران استان مازندران)، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده
علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران.
بررسی رابطه بین » .( نواح، عبدالرضا، فروتن کیا، شهروز، پورتر کارونی، محمد.( 1390میزان دینداری با ارزش ها و رفتارهای زیست محیطی شهروندان(مطالعه موردی: شهر
.77- مطالعات جامعه شناختی شهری، شماره 1، صص 98 ،« ( اهواز
غلامرضازاده، فاطمه.( 1393 ) تبیین جامعه شناختی رفتار زباله پراکنی در بین شهروندان (مطالعه موردی: گردشگران استان مازندران)، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده
علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران.
بررسی رابطه بین » .( نواح، عبدالرضا، فروتن کیا، شهروز، پورتر کارونی، محمد.( 1390میزان دینداری با ارزش ها و رفتارهای زیست محیطی شهروندان(مطالعه موردی: شهر
.77- مطالعات جامعه شناختی شهری، شماره 1، صص 98 ،« ( اهواز
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Cialdini, R. (2003). Crafting normative messages to protect the environment. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12(14), 105-109.
Chen, X.P., & Li, Sh. (2005). Cross-national differences in cooperative decision-making in mixed-motive business contexts: the mediating effect of vertical and horizontal individualism. Journal of International Business Studies, 15.
Finnie, W. C. (1973). Field experiments in litter control. Environment and Behavior, 5, 123-144.
Geller, E. S. (1974). Increasing desired waste disposals with instructions. Man-Environment Systems, 5, 125-128
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Green, C.A. (2001). The effect of prior litter on sewing class students` clean-up behavior.http://www.clearinghouse.missouriwestern.edu/de
fault.asp. Curled from the Internet on 14th Dec, 2007.
Hatfield, E., Salmon, M., & Rapson, R. L. (2011). Equity theory and social justice. Journal of Management, Spirituality, and Religion, 8, 101-121.
Kayhanian, M., Stransky, C., Bay, S., Lau, S.L., Stenstorm, M.K. (2008). Toxicity of urban highway runoff with respect to storm duration. Sci. Total Environ, 38,386–406.
Keep America Beautiful. (2007). KAB’s seven primary sources of
litter.Retrieved From http:// www.kab.org/ site/ Page Server ?
pagename = litter seven sources.
Keizer, K., Lindenberg, S., & Steg, L. (2008). The spreading of disorder. Science,322, 1681-1685.
Nkwocha, E.E., & Okeoma, I.o. (2009). Street Littering in Nigerian Towns: towards aFramework for Sustainable Urban Cleanliness. An International Multi-Disciplinary Journal, Ethiopia Vol. 3 (5), 147-164.
Oluyinka, o., & Balogun, S. K. (2011). Psycho-sociocultural Analysis of Attitude towards Littering in a Nigerian Urban City. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management Vol. 4 (1), 68-80.
Schultz, P.W., Bator, R.J., Large, L.B., Bruni, C.M., Tabanico, J.J.
(2013). Littering in context: Personal and environment predictors of
littering behavior. Environment and Behavior45(1), 35–59.
Stern, P (2000). Towards a Coherent Theory of Environmentally Significant Behavior. Journal of Social Issues 56 (3), 407-424.
144 فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت گردشگری- سال دهم- شماره 29 - بهار 1394
Stern, P.c. (2010).Environmentally significant behavior and how to
change it.
Stokols, D., & Altman, I. (Eds.), (1987).Handbook of Environmental
Psychology, Vols.1– 2. John Wiley, NY.
Smout, P., Sheehy, B., Hassell, T., & Cary, J. (2007). Promoting
Behavioural Change inHousehold Water Consumption: Literature
Review. Prepared for Smart Water, URS.
Torgler, B., Garcia-Valinas, M., & Macintyre, A. (2008). Justifiability
of littering: An empirical investigation. (Working Paper No. 2008-
8). Basil, Switzerland: Center for Research in Economics,
Management, and the Arts.
Triandis, H. C. (1977). Interpersonal Behaviour. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Triandis, H.C. (1980). Values, attitudes and interpersonal behavior. In H. Howe and M. Page {Eds), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1979, 27, 195-260. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
Triandis, H.C. (1989). The self and social behavior in differing cultural context. Psychological Review, 96, 506-520.
White, K. M., Smith, J. K., Terry, D. J., Greenslade, J. H., & McKimmie, B. M. (2009). Social influence in the theory of planned behavior: the role of descriptive, injunctive, and in-group norms. British Journal of Social Psychology, 48(1), 135-158
Business and Economic Research Proceeding.
Arafat, H.A., Al-Kathhib, I.A., Daoud, R., & Shwahneh, H. (2007).
Influence of socio-economic factors on street litter generation in
the Middle East: Effects of education level, age, and type of
residence. Waste Manag. Resour, 25, 363–370.
Armitage, N., & Rooseboom, A. (2000). The removal of urban litter
from stormwater conduits and streams: Paper 1 the quantities
involved and catchment litter management options. Water SA,
26,181–188.
Cadena, C.E., Manjarrez, P.L., Izquierdo, I.E., Gallegos, E.R. (2012). An Approach to Litter Generation and Littering Practices in a Mexico City Neighborhood. Sustainability, 4, 1733-1754.
Clark, R. N., Burgess, R. L., & Hendee, J. C. (1972). The
development of anti-litter behavior in a forest campground. Journalof Applied Behavior Analysis, 5, 1-5.
11. Cone, J.D., & Hayes, S.C. (1985). Environmental Problems/ Behavioral Solutions. Cambridge University Press.
Cone, J. D., & Hayes, S. C. (1980). Environmental problems: Behavioral solutions.Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Cooley, R.R. (2005). The effectiveness of signage in the reduction of litter in backcountry and front country campsites. University of Manitoba. Masters of Arts Dissertation.
Cialdini, R. (2003). Crafting normative messages to protect the environment. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12(14), 105-109.
Chen, X.P., & Li, Sh. (2005). Cross-national differences in cooperative decision-making in mixed-motive business contexts: the mediating effect of vertical and horizontal individualism. Journal of International Business Studies, 15.
Finnie, W. C. (1973). Field experiments in litter control. Environment and Behavior, 5, 123-144.
Geller, E. S. (1974). Increasing desired waste disposals with instructions. Man-Environment Systems, 5, 125-128
Geller, E. S., Witmer, J. F., & Tuso, M. E. (1977). Environmental interventions for Litter control. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62, 344-351.
Geller, E. S. (1980). Applications of behavioral analysis for litter control. In D. Glenwick& L. Jason (Eds.), Behavioral community psychology: Progress and prospects,New York, NY, 254-283.
Green, C.A. (2001). The effect of prior litter on sewing class students` clean-up behavior.http://www.clearinghouse.missouriwestern.edu/de
fault.asp. Curled from the Internet on 14th Dec, 2007.
Hatfield, E., Salmon, M., & Rapson, R. L. (2011). Equity theory and social justice. Journal of Management, Spirituality, and Religion, 8, 101-121.
Kayhanian, M., Stransky, C., Bay, S., Lau, S.L., Stenstorm, M.K. (2008). Toxicity of urban highway runoff with respect to storm duration. Sci. Total Environ, 38,386–406.
Keep America Beautiful. (2007). KAB’s seven primary sources of
litter.Retrieved From http:// www.kab.org/ site/ Page Server ?
pagename = litter seven sources.
Keizer, K., Lindenberg, S., & Steg, L. (2008). The spreading of disorder. Science,322, 1681-1685.
Nkwocha, E.E., & Okeoma, I.o. (2009). Street Littering in Nigerian Towns: towards aFramework for Sustainable Urban Cleanliness. An International Multi-Disciplinary Journal, Ethiopia Vol. 3 (5), 147-164.
Oluyinka, o., & Balogun, S. K. (2011). Psycho-sociocultural Analysis of Attitude towards Littering in a Nigerian Urban City. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management Vol. 4 (1), 68-80.
Schultz, P.W., Bator, R.J., Large, L.B., Bruni, C.M., Tabanico, J.J.
(2013). Littering in context: Personal and environment predictors of
littering behavior. Environment and Behavior45(1), 35–59.
Stern, P (2000). Towards a Coherent Theory of Environmentally Significant Behavior. Journal of Social Issues 56 (3), 407-424.
144 فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت گردشگری- سال دهم- شماره 29 - بهار 1394
Stern, P.c. (2010).Environmentally significant behavior and how to
change it.
Stokols, D., & Altman, I. (Eds.), (1987).Handbook of Environmental
Psychology, Vols.1– 2. John Wiley, NY.
Smout, P., Sheehy, B., Hassell, T., & Cary, J. (2007). Promoting
Behavioural Change inHousehold Water Consumption: Literature
Review. Prepared for Smart Water, URS.
Torgler, B., Garcia-Valinas, M., & Macintyre, A. (2008). Justifiability
of littering: An empirical investigation. (Working Paper No. 2008-
8). Basil, Switzerland: Center for Research in Economics,
Management, and the Arts.
Triandis, H. C. (1977). Interpersonal Behaviour. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Triandis, H.C. (1980). Values, attitudes and interpersonal behavior. In H. Howe and M. Page {Eds), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1979, 27, 195-260. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
Triandis, H.C. (1989). The self and social behavior in differing cultural context. Psychological Review, 96, 506-520.
White, K. M., Smith, J. K., Terry, D. J., Greenslade, J. H., & McKimmie, B. M. (2009). Social influence in the theory of planned behavior: the role of descriptive, injunctive, and in-group norms. British Journal of Social Psychology, 48(1), 135-158
)