Hossein koohestani; Fatemeh Kazemiyeh; Amir Ali Vazifeh
Abstract
Rural tourism is a part of the tourism market and a source of employment and income, and it can be considered an essential tool for the economic, social, and ecological development of rural communities. The leading research based on the need for long-term planning in the field of rural tourism in Heris ...
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Rural tourism is a part of the tourism market and a source of employment and income, and it can be considered an essential tool for the economic, social, and ecological development of rural communities. The leading research based on the need for long-term planning in the field of rural tourism in Heris City, which is one of the most susceptible regions in the country in attracting rural tourism with various factors, is trying to reach a convincing answer to the question that the key and influencing factors on the future development of rural tourism in the city. Where is Heris? Based on the purpose, this is an applied study, and in terms of its nature and method, it is a descriptive-analytical study based on a prospective approach. Data collection tools included the use of (library) documents and interviews. To calculate validity, content and form validity methods and techniques were used. The reliability rate for "structural effects analysis" was 0.82. The panel of respondents consisted of 30 university professors and planning and development experts. This study identified 21 variables as primary factors and analyzed them with MicMac software. To determine the key drivers effective on the rural tourism approach of Heris City, based on the results of two methods, including "rank of variables in each mode" and "the total effect of variables in all modes," the key and effective factors were selected, which are "use of culture and rural art in presenting designs" and "paying attention to all levels and strata of society in presenting designs."IntroductionMany development planners and policymakers refer to the tourism industry as the central pillar of sustainable development. Rural tourism is also considered a part of the tourism industry, which can play an influential role in developing these areas. As a result, proper planning and identifying the advantages and limitations of rural tourism, will achieve national development and diversification of the national economy. Leading research based on the need for long-term planning in the field of rural tourism in Heris City, which, with various factors, is one of the most susceptible regions in the country in attracting rural tourism, and due to its brilliant historical background and the presence of diverse weather, the scenic attractions have the ability to develop rural tourism. However, due to incorrect planning, it has yet to be successful in this field. According to the stated contents, the present research is trying to reach a convincing answer to the question of the key and influencing factors on the future development of rural tourism in Heris County.Materials and MethodsIn terms of the purpose, this is applied research, and in terms of the nature and method, it is of descriptive-analytical type, based on the prospective approach from the time dimension. According to the existing studies, the methods of obtaining information in the field of economic-social studies can be categorized in different ways. Based on the research objectives, data collection methods, and tools, including using documents, library documents, and interviews. To calculate validity, content and form validity methods and techniques were used so that it was accompanied by the guidance of scholars in this field to determine how well the questions represent the content and objectives of the research. Cronbach's alpha method was used to measure the reliability of the research questionnaire. According to each section, the questionnaire was provided to professors and experts in the mentioned field, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated in SPSS software. The reliability level for "structural effects analysis" is 0.82. The panel of respondents consists of 30 university professors in the fields of rural and urban planning, regional planning and tourism, social sciences, and economics, as well as planning and development experts, including experts from the Nomadic Affairs Organization, Sports and Youth Administration, Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization, East Azarbaijan province, and Heris city. The present study identified 21 variables as primary factors and analyzed data with MicMac software. In the cross matrix, the sum of the row numbers of each factor, the amount of influence, and the column sums of each factor shows the influence from other factors.Discussion and ResultsThe number of 21 influencing variables on rural tourism development in Heris County was selected using the panel interview session. Then, by forming a 21 x 21 matrix, the effects of each index on the other were identified with the number zero to three using the mutual effects analysis method. Then, the matrix results were entered into MicMac software and analyzed to extract the drivers. To structurally analyze the mutual effects of factors on each other, a 21x21 matrix was formed. The filling degree of the matrix is 92.063%, which shows that the selected factors had a large and scattered effect on each other, and in fact, the system was in an unstable state. Out of 385 relationships that can be evaluated in this matrix, 35 relationships are zero, meaning that the factors did not influence on or were not influenced by each other. Eighty-seven relationships have been established on number one, 157 on number two, and 162 on number three.Conclusions What can be understood from the state of the dispersion plane of the effective variables is the state of instability of the system. Most of the variables are scattered around the diagonal axis of the plane. Except for a few limited factors that show that they have a high impact on the system, the rest of the variables have almost the same status. To determine the key drivers effective on the rural tourism approach of Heris City, based on the results of two methods including "rank of variables in each of the states" and "total impact of variables in all states," the key and effective factors have been selected as follows. Utilizing rural culture and art in presenting plans; Attention to all levels and strata of society in presenting plans; Emphasizing intellectual independence and not imitating foreign models in the design of rural tourism projects; Looking at rural tourists as cultural ambassadors; Designing suitable spaces for holding ceremonies and traditional rituals using cultural symbols (designing cultural routes for tourists); and introducing the projects done on different sites in different languages.Therefore, the vital and effective drivers that can be pointed out in this research for the planning approach of rural tourism development in Heris are the factors that emphasize all the studied aspects of the subject.
atiyeh Garousi; tahereh sadeghloo
Abstract
Risk perception could be considered as the first and most effective step for the optimal guidance and success of the risk management process. Today, tourism, as one of the new functions of rural spaces, is associated with many risks and threats for tourists that the perception of these dangers can play ...
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Risk perception could be considered as the first and most effective step for the optimal guidance and success of the risk management process. Today, tourism, as one of the new functions of rural spaces, is associated with many risks and threats for tourists that the perception of these dangers can play a significant role in travel decisions, readiness and their response to these dangers, the present article examines the factors affecting risk perception and its impact on the tourist's decision using the qualitative method of Husserl phenomenology. among the mentioned environmental hazards, the most possible hazards perceived by tourists in terms of human and natural hazards are the risk of road accidents and floods. The studied tourists considered objective to be more effective than subjective factors in perceiving the danger of tourist destinations. After perceiving the danger, two behaviors of avoiding travel by or facing danger have been selected equally.
Hamid Shayan; hamdolah sojasi; fahimeh jafari
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs in 6 tourist villages of Binalood city of Khorasan Razavi province. The present research is applied and the method of doing it is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study is the tourist ...
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs in 6 tourist villages of Binalood city of Khorasan Razavi province. The present research is applied and the method of doing it is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study is the tourist destination villages of Binalood city that have the highest volume of tourists and entrepreneurial activities. The sample size is based on statistics obtained from the city's Department of Industry and Mines, Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization of Khorasan Razavi Province and in consultation with village managers, owners of 196 entrepreneurial businesses in the field of restaurants, teahouses and resorts. The data extracted from the researcher-made questionnaire were analyzed using statistical analysis methods in SPSS software. The results of Friedman test showed that the humanitarian index has the highest and the economic index has the lowest average rank from the respondents' point of view. On the other hand, high chi-square coefficient shows a significant difference between the indicators. The results of Kruskal-Wallis test show the highest level of social responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs in Abreh and Jagharq and the lowest level in Zashk. In terms of moral index, there is no significant difference between villages, but in other indicators (legal, humanitarian, economic, environmental) the level of responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs in the studied villages is different. IntroductionIn recent years, the tourism-oriented villages of Mashhad-Torqabeh Shandiz, due to its pristine and beautiful nature and many natural tourist attractions, has become a space for creating and developing entrepreneurial activities in rural tourism, and is increasingly witnessing activities related to We are. Therefore, due to the great importance of the responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs in reducing the negative effects and increasing the positive effects of rural tourism, it is necessary to examine their level of responsibility. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the level of social responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs. Accordingly, the present study seeks to answer the following questions: 1- What is the status of social responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs? 2- Is there a difference between the dimensions of social responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs or not?Materials and MethodsThe present study is descriptive-analytical. Indicators have been studied in three areas of entrepreneurship social responsibility towards the environment, tourists (guests) and local community (host). The analysis unit in this study is tourism entrepreneurs who have engaged in economic activities in the study villages. To examine the responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs, villages were selected that offer more amenities and services such as restaurants, teahouses and resorts. For this reason, the villages of Jagharq, Abreh Olya, Hesar Sorkh, Kong, Zashk and Naghandar were selected as the study population. The sample size was 196 owners of restaurants, teahouses and resorts. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by 8 university professors and its reliability was assessed based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Alpha coefficients, in all dimensions higher than 0.5, indicate the validity and internal consistency of the research structures. In order to analyze the collected data according to the objectives of the research, SPSS software was used. In the data analysis section, due to the non-normality of the data, non-parametric Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used.Discussion and ResultsAccording to the results, the responsibility of entrepreneurs varies both in scale and in the destination villages. Tourism entrepreneurs in the humanitarian and legal dimensions have the highest level of social responsibility and the lowest level of responsibility related to the economic and then environmental dimension. The most important issue is that tourism entrepreneurs have not been able to create many job opportunities for Indigenous people, and due to gender orientation, fewer women have been used in the business environment. In the environmental dimension, entrepreneurs have less commitment to the use of recyclable items, as a result of their activities have caused pollution in the environment. The level of responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs towards the local community, tourists, environment showed that the highest level of responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs towards tourists. Because the goal of all tourism entrepreneurs and business owners is to make more profit. The results also showed the lowest level of responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs towards the environment. According to the results, the social responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs in Abardeh and then Jagharq villages is higher than other villages, and in Zashk village, the level of responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs is lower than other villages. The conclusion indicates that more entrepreneurship and tourism businesses have been created in the villages of Abreh and Jaghargh along these villages, and also from a better geographical location than other villages of Abreh and Jagherq with more tourists and entrepreneurship, and as a result the responsibility of tourism entrepreneurs. And business owners to attract tourists and their satisfaction is more, but the village of Zashk at the end of the Mashhad-Torqabeh Shandiz tourism axis has fewer tourists and more has the second houses of urban dwellers.ConclusionsAccountability studies have shown that entrepreneurs can be successful in their business if they take responsibility for everyone (environment, community and customers). Accordingly, it is necessary for tourism entrepreneurs to act more responsibly to improve the performance of their business and to include social responsibility in their business, and the good performance of tourism entrepreneurs is a reflection of their observance of this principle. Tourism entrepreneurship is sustainable when it satisfies the local community and tourists and does the least damage to the environment.
Mohammadjavad Abbasi; Jila Sajjadi; Ali Abdollahi; Mohammadtaghi Razavian
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explain the factors affecting the development of rural tourism entrepreneurship. The research method is descriptive-exploratory and the main tool for data collection is a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population consisted of 174 entrepreneurs and business ...
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The purpose of this study was to explain the factors affecting the development of rural tourism entrepreneurship. The research method is descriptive-exploratory and the main tool for data collection is a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population consisted of 174 entrepreneurs and business owners in rural tourism entrepreneurship in the country. SPSS and pls software were used for structural equation modeling. Based on the results of the analysis of the effect of the independent variables present on the development of rural tourism entrepreneurship; from the viewpoints of the respondents, the dimension of improvement and attention to the specific environmental context and characteristics of the rural manpower among the three macro dimensions have the highest importance with 0.40 and then From then on, the macro-institutional structure of the Rural Tourism Entrepreneurship with a significance of 0.35 is significant and the results show that the conceptual model and its relationships are significant.
Ali Majnouni- Toutakhane; Hosein Karimzade
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to evaluate the aesthetic values of tourism attractions in the Savar-Toutakhane tourist roads in both objective and subjective dimensions; For this purpose, eight components were identified. Artificial neural network were used to determine the objective aesthetics, ...
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The purpose of this article was to evaluate the aesthetic values of tourism attractions in the Savar-Toutakhane tourist roads in both objective and subjective dimensions; For this purpose, eight components were identified. Artificial neural network were used to determine the objective aesthetics, and the Spearman test and multiple regression were used to determine mental aesthetics. The statistical population of the study was 3324 tourists; using the Cochran formula, 275 people were selected by random sampling. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.889 using Cronbach's alpha formula. The results of the research using the artificial neural network method showed that the high visibility of the peripheral high peak has the highest value and visibility of the flowing rivers with the least value. The results of multiple regression analysis in the subjective aesthetic field indicated that 8 components could explain 68.9% of variance variations. Also, The results of both methods indicate the high value of tourist attractions on this road.
Mehdi Basakha; Seyed Mahmood Hosseini Amiri; Saloumeh Rouhinezhad
Abstract
The purpose of this empirical study is an investigation of the effect of the economy of tourism experience in the countryside and rural areas of Ramsar and Chalous on place attachment and behavioral intentions through pleasant feelings and positive memories of tourists. This exploratory-descriptive research ...
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The purpose of this empirical study is an investigation of the effect of the economy of tourism experience in the countryside and rural areas of Ramsar and Chalous on place attachment and behavioral intentions through pleasant feelings and positive memories of tourists. This exploratory-descriptive research is of survey type, in which the main tool of data collection is a questionnaire. 184 questionnaires were distributed by available sampling methods in the spring and summer of 2017 among tourists and visitors of the villages and countryside of Chalous and Ramsar in the Northern part of Iran. To analyze the research data, 171 questionnaires were selected and structural equation modeling was used. Research findings show that "The economy of the rural tourism experience has a meaningful relationship with pleasant excitement", "The pleasant excitement derived from experience has a meaningful relationship with memories", and "pleasant excitement has no meaningful relationship with behavioral intentions of tourists”. Therefore, experience economy affects place attachment and, ultimately, the behavioral intentions of the tourists. This research can also guide future researchers towards managerial concepts in the tourism industry, in particular, rural tourism, removing limitations and ultimately provide constructive solutions and suggestions to relevant organizations and centers.
Morteza Bazrafshan; Sahar Samani
Abstract
There is a need for supplementary income for farmers and employment creation to help alleviate poverty. Agritourism has been identified as an opportunity for growth and development as it has the potential to meet those needs. In this article, according to the literature review and opinion polls of experts ...
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There is a need for supplementary income for farmers and employment creation to help alleviate poverty. Agritourism has been identified as an opportunity for growth and development as it has the potential to meet those needs. In this article, according to the literature review and opinion polls of experts (officials, experts, and experts in agriculture and tourism), the factors affecting the development of agritourism were identified and investigated. In the initial summary, 134 indices were extracted and reduced to 34 indices during the three stages of expert opinion polling. 260 experts answered the questions in this questionnaire. According to statistical analysis using SPSS and LISREL software, research questions were analyzed and the final model of this research consists of 1. Intellectual infrastructure, 2. Physical infrastructure, 3. Institutional factors, 4. Promotion and development factors, and 5. Competitiveness factors.
Vida Aliyari; Maryam Sharifzadeh; Mostafa Ahmadvand
Abstract
This survey research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effects of tourism development on rural tourism destination areas. The statistical population was composed of 437 households resided in central District of Firoozabad county from which, 155 households were selected by using Bartlett Table ...
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This survey research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effects of tourism development on rural tourism destination areas. The statistical population was composed of 437 households resided in central District of Firoozabad county from which, 155 households were selected by using Bartlett Table and simple random sampling method. The research instrument was a custom-made questionnaire. Factor analysis findings showed that in terms of the economic effects of the combination of 21 variables, four factors (economic opportunities, living expenses, employment and economic gap) explained 63.30 % of variances. In the field of social effects, factor loadings of the 33 items were produced seven factors (community consolidation, social harm and promotion of culture, cultural exchanges, acculturation, assimilation and changing lifestyle) and overall accounted for 65.646 % of variances. A combination of 27 physical- environmental items yielded four factors, health and sanitation problems, infrastructural effects, landscape degradation and natural environment change.
Rasol Heidari Soreshjani; Sedighe Kiani Salmi; Hoda Basereh
Abstract
Determining the tourist destination villages and paying special attention to these villages is one of the policies of the country's tourism authorities. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and prioritize the tourist destination villages of Karaj using multi-criteria decision-making techniques ...
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Determining the tourist destination villages and paying special attention to these villages is one of the policies of the country's tourism authorities. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and prioritize the tourist destination villages of Karaj using multi-criteria decision-making techniques such as TOPSIS, VIKOR, Entropy, SAW, ELECTRE and finalizing the options using the Borda technique. This is an applied research and in terms of the methodology it is descriptive-analytical research. The statistical population of the study consisted of 15 specialist, experts, tourism planners and experts from the cultural heritage, handicrafts and tourism department of Alborz province. After determining 12 criteria and 67 sub-criteria for prioritizing 14 tourist destination villages in Karaj, three villages were selected as the first priority of tourism development. The results of the study showed that the villages of Gachsar, Atashgah, and Velayatrood have better conditions for tourism development respectively, and other villages are in the next priorities. The Kalha village is in the last rank (priority 14).
zamzam sadatasl
Abstract
Rural tourism is considered as a process of rural development that by creating complementary agricultural activities, provides economic development through raising the ability to generate income, create jobs, and consequently, sustainable livelihoods. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to examine ...
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Rural tourism is considered as a process of rural development that by creating complementary agricultural activities, provides economic development through raising the ability to generate income, create jobs, and consequently, sustainable livelihoods. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of rural tourism income distribution in different economic sectors. For this purpose, the social accounting matrix (SAM) of 2006 and the multipliers analysis resulting from this matrix have been used. The advantages of using this method are the possibility of study the effects of income distribution of rural households by sections. By taking into account the totality of the economy, this model encompasses all direct and indirect effects on economic and social sectors. The results show that the development of rural tourism sub-sectors has a positive effect on the distribution of rural household income.
Abstract
The rural-urban relationships have a considerable effect on rural settlements. Cities are centers of capital accumulation and social flows. In contrast, rural settlements are also considered as tourism centers of urban residents as it provides an opportunity to use rural natural potentials which bring ...
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The rural-urban relationships have a considerable effect on rural settlements. Cities are centers of capital accumulation and social flows. In contrast, rural settlements are also considered as tourism centers of urban residents as it provides an opportunity to use rural natural potentials which bring economic prosperity and development for them. In this research, it has been used descriptive–analytical method. The sample population includes 165 households using Cochran method. It has been used structural model and path analysis to analyze the relationships among variables and also to identify the affecting aspects of rural-urban relationships on rural tourism. The results of path analysis model indicate that increasing rural-urban relationships have led to the development of second homes, jobs and economic development in rural settlements and play an important role in increasing their satisfactions as well.
sirous ghanbari; Mohammad Hossein Dehghan; Hossein Miraki Anari
Volume 10, Issue 32 , March 2016, , Pages 1-20
Abstract
Nowadays, rural tourism is considered as an important part of economic activity. This main economic activity is taken into consideration from different points of view. On the one hand, it is looked as a policy for diversifying the economy of rural communities. On the other hand, it is considered as a ...
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Nowadays, rural tourism is considered as an important part of economic activity. This main economic activity is taken into consideration from different points of view. On the one hand, it is looked as a policy for diversifying the economy of rural communities. On the other hand, it is considered as a mean to reach mobility and national economic growth. Rural tourism can create opportunities and possibilities for rural employment and income. It develops small businesses and provides jobs. Regarding this, the main question of present study: by which means and under which circumstances, tourism, affects rural entrepreneurship development? The aim of this study is to analyze and evaluate the factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship in rural areas in central part of Anar. The research is descriptive in terms of method. Data were gathered from library research and field study, in which, a questionnaire was applied. The population of the study consists of a sample of 30 directors, 90 local authorities and rural residents, who were selected by Simple Random sampling. The SWOT model was applied in order to analyze data. The results showed that the factors related to the strength had the highest rating in the study. Also, “being located on the main roads of the country" among the strengths, "weak entrepreneurial culture among residents" and " negligence of officials" among the weaknesses, "more varied ways to make money" among opportunities and "the destruction of ancient monuments and historic buildings" and "changes in land use and landscape of the village" were among the threats were the most important sub factors in rating. According to the scores of the matrix of internal and external factors, the extracted strategy is to maintaining and protecting.
Ashraf Sajjadi; Fatemeh Ahmadi
Volume 8, Issue 23 , November 2013, , Pages 155-175
Abstract
The main purpose of this research was to assess Impact of Rural Tourism (IRT) from viewpoint of rural community. The research instrument was structural questionnaire with close-ended questions, which validity and reliability was confirmed. The target population in this research, includes all rural people ...
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The main purpose of this research was to assess Impact of Rural Tourism (IRT) from viewpoint of rural community. The research instrument was structural questionnaire with close-ended questions, which validity and reliability was confirmed. The target population in this research, includes all rural people in Fooman township of Gilan province (N=96,778) out of which, a number of 198 people were selected as statistical prototypes in a classification sampling method by using Cochran’s table and finally 194 questionnaires were analyzed. The descriptive findings of this study showed that putting the garbage in rural areas and increasing locally government departments were the main IRT that were stated by respondents. By applying Factor Analysis Technique, IRT in Fooman Township were reduced to nine factors. These five factors expressed nearly 72% of the total variance of the variables mso-bidi-language: A
