Ali Khatami Firouzabadi1; Hossein Askaripoor; Ghasem Bakhshandeh
Volume 8, Issue 23 , November 2013, , Pages 71-96
Abstract
The difference between the Iran’s southern tourism coasts attraction and tourism facilities from one side and varieties of interests of tourists who wants to travel to these coastal lines from another hand increases the anxieties and confusions of tourists in choosing the most favorable tourism ...
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The difference between the Iran’s southern tourism coasts attraction and tourism facilities from one side and varieties of interests of tourists who wants to travel to these coastal lines from another hand increases the anxieties and confusions of tourists in choosing the most favorable tourism coast selection processes. Therefore, the recent project goals with offering travel pattern to south coastal lines collects data from 71 experienced people and 403 tourists chosen by judgmentally selection ,then has compared and ranked the six southern tourism coasts in Iran)Chabahar, Bandar-e Abbas, Kish, Qeshm, Bushehr and Ahvaz( according to attractions and tourism facilities by AHP method and EC software. In achieved pattern, the rank of each coast is determined in different criteria and Kish was known as the best tourism coast, and Chabahar, Qeshm, Bandar-e Abbas, Bushehr and Ahvaz are ranked respectively. At the end, the results were described to tourists, travel agencies and coastal city managers
Ali Hajinejad; Mojtaba Javdan; Borzou i Sabzi
Volume 8, Issue 22 , June 2013, , Pages 142-168
Abstract
Due to the intensity of the impact that tourists’ environmental behavior has on the destination environments, this group of people are placed among those groups who are studied from their environmental behavior point of view. This article with a structured vision, surveys the effects of mental ...
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Due to the intensity of the impact that tourists’ environmental behavior has on the destination environments, this group of people are placed among those groups who are studied from their environmental behavior point of view. This article with a structured vision, surveys the effects of mental and visional variables on the en-behavior of two types of tourists. The study was performed through a combination of desk and field studies – using questionnaire. Due to the lack of an accurate sampling framework for domestic tourists, by conducting a discovery work, 350 tourists were selected, where 200 of them belonged to Chalus statistical population and 150 individuals belonged to Isfahan. Collected data were assessed through descriptive and inferential statistical methods with the help of SPSS. According to the findings of Pearson correlation test, there is significant and direct relationship between tourists' en-behavior and their environmental values, understanding of environmental benefits, cultural imagination, and cultural motivation. While no significant relationship was seen between environmental knowledge and tourists' en-behavior. According to the path analysis, imagination of place with a beta value of 0.75 has the greatest effect on the dependent variable of the study. In the second rank the variable of understanding of environmental benefits with a Beta value of 0.59 affects directly and indirectly the tourists' en-behaviors. Environmental motivation and environmental values with Beta scores of 0.35 and 0.29 respectively have significant direct effects on the dependent variable. In regression analysis of the paths, the environmental knowledge variable was removed from the model due to the insignificant obtained Beta. The mentioned factors totally explained 60% of the changes in tourists' en behaviors.
Mohammad Fazeli; Sahar Jafar Salehi
Volume 8, Issue 22 , June 2013, , Pages 142-168
Abstract
Due to the intensity of the impact that tourists’ environmental
behavior has on the destination environments, this group of people are placed among those groups who are studied from their environmental behavior point of view. This article with a structured vision, surveys the effects of mental ...
Read More
Due to the intensity of the impact that tourists’ environmental
behavior has on the destination environments, this group of people are placed among those groups who are studied from their environmental behavior point of view. This article with a structured vision, surveys the effects of mental and visional variables on the en-behavior of two types of tourists.
The study was performed through a combination of desk and field studies
– using questionnaire. Due to the lack of an accurate sampling framework for domestic tourists, by conducting a discovery work, 350 tourists were selected, where 200 of them belonged to Chalus statistical population and 150 individuals belonged to Isfahan. Collected data were assessed through descriptive and inferential statistical methods with the help of SPSS.
According to the findings of Pearson correlation test, there is significant and direct relationship between tourists' en-behavior and their environmental values, understanding of environmental benefits, cultural imagination, and cultural motivation. While no significant relationship was seen between environmental knowledge and tourists' en-behavior. According to the path analysis, imagination of place with a beta value of 0.75 has the greatest effect on the dependent variable of the study. In the second rank the variable of understanding of environmental benefits with a Beta value of 0.59 affects directly and indirectly the tourists' en-behaviors. Environmental motivation and environmental values with Beta scores of 0.35 and 0.29 respectively have significant direct effects on the dependent variable. In regression analysis of the paths, the environmental knowledge variable was removed from the model due to the insignificant obtained Beta. The mentioned factors totally explained 60% of the changes in tourists' en behaviors.
hasan danaii fard; seyed daryoush javid; ali asghar faani
Volume 7, Issue 19 , November 2012, , Pages 1-24
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify the policymaking instruments in Iran's tourism industry. This study tries to find an appropriate answer to the question of what instruments can be utilized in tourism policymaking. In order to find the response, researchers used a hybrid research method (qualitative-quantitative). ...
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The purpose of this study is to identify the policymaking instruments in Iran's tourism industry. This study tries to find an appropriate answer to the question of what instruments can be utilized in tourism policymaking. In order to find the response, researchers used a hybrid research method (qualitative-quantitative). Data were collected with a heuristic approach to tourism policy instruments. Based on the elements identified in this study, it can be inferred that identification of tourism policymaking tools is a solution for governments to pursue to the successful accomplishment of tourism development. Finally, it was indicated that respecting the role governments play in tourism, policymaking instruments can be divided into three categories: regulatory instruments, cognitive instruments, and normative instruments. In the quantitative section, the measure designed by researchers for confirming or refuting the hypotheses, possessed the required content validity and the approved Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient (0.857).
habib ebrahim pour; mohammad hasan zadeh; vali nemati
Volume 7, Issue 18 , August 2012, , Pages 73-92
Abstract
Organizational citizenship behavior is a type of voluntary behavior that is displayed out of the person’s own willingness, without any extrinsic motivation. This behavior is beyond the predefined duties of the employee and is done for helping out the organization or the customer, and entails no ...
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Organizational citizenship behavior is a type of voluntary behavior that is displayed out of the person’s own willingness, without any extrinsic motivation. This behavior is beyond the predefined duties of the employee and is done for helping out the organization or the customer, and entails no compensation. Existence of people with such behavior in organizations, not only helps accomplishing the organizational goals, but also acts a source of competitive advantage for institutions. The fruit of such behavior in individual level is loyalty of employees to organization and the job. This loyalty in tourism and hoteliering arenas translates into multiple returning of tourists and recommendation of destinations to others. Respecting the importance of organizational citizenship behavior in prosperity of hotels and formation of tourist loyalty, the current research engages in the study of its influence on loyalty of tourists accommodating in 2 and 3 stared hotels of Sarein. The method is descriptive-survey type. Statistical population encompasses the customers, managers and employees of different sections of hotels. Findings of the research revealed that indexes of citizenship behavior influence the tourist’s loyalty by different weights. In the end, some suggestions are provided for the hotel managers.
zohreh dehdashti shahrokh; jamshid salehi sedghiani; azin harandi
Volume 7, Issue 17 , March 2012, , Pages 1-32
Abstract
The relationship between tourism and agriculture has been a challenging liaison in the tourism development literature. The state of relationship between these two important industries varies through a two-poled spectrum in which conflict is on one end and growth on the other. Given that most tourism ...
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The relationship between tourism and agriculture has been a challenging liaison in the tourism development literature. The state of relationship between these two important industries varies through a two-poled spectrum in which conflict is on one end and growth on the other. Given that most tourism destinations of the world are faced with rapid changes, adjusting the relationship between the two industries to move from a conflicting stance into a compatible situation, is a challenge for spatial management and planning. Coastal areas of Caspian Sea are concurrently agricultural and touristic destinations. With the increasing changes of the area in the recent decades, the relationship quality between the two sectors has become a critical issue in planning and regional development. Being this a matter of great concern in the region, this paper aims to investigate the entity of relationship between tourism and agriculture, and to identify the factors affecting the manner of this relationship, and finally to suggest some solutions. A survey analysis was conducted upon a statistical population consisting of farmers, administrations, real estate agents, and lawyers from two different areas: mountainous region of Chalous and plain lands of Nowshahr County. Results indicated that the relationship between stated industries is of the winner-loser type, being conflicting and destructive; as a matter of weaknesses in land-use management mechanisms, grave weaknesses in agriculture sector, mushrooming of real-estate agencies all around the area, and farmers’ attitudes regarding welfare—not expecting it to be achieved by way of agriculture. Finally the followings are suggested: Effective support of strategic agricultural products by government, reformation of land laws and regulations, establishing coherent executive and use-management mechanisms, and formulation of a structural-strategic plan for the purpose of spatial development in the region
mahmud ziai; ali asghar saeedi; mojhgan torab ahmadi
Volume 7, Issue 17 , March 2012, , Pages 61-86
Abstract
In tourism, like any other service industry, the people offering service are a constituent part of the product, and their expertise, theoretical knowledge, and job skills undeniably affect the quality of services. Hence, Composition and implementation of human resource development strategies is of a ...
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In tourism, like any other service industry, the people offering service are a constituent part of the product, and their expertise, theoretical knowledge, and job skills undeniably affect the quality of services. Hence, Composition and implementation of human resource development strategies is of a great importance and education/training, therein, plays a major part. Higher education, compared to other educational levels, is of greater significance for being in charge of training expert human resources to create knowledge and transfer it to the lower levels. Among the component indices of higher education system, the scientific criteria, including learning factors, teaching factors, and learning conditions and facilities, correlate directly with the quality of academic courses. In order to explore the state of these criteria in tourism academic courses, two models are used: horizontal model (based on the scientific nature of courses) and vertical model (based on the education level and hierarchy). Having investigated the indices of scientific system of tourism education based on these two models, it allows ascertaining the efficiency of education system in terms of form and content. This research focuses on identification of the model and quality of scientific and learning criteria of tourism in Iran’s higher education, utilizing a comparative-longitudinal research method. A comparative study was also performed between Iran and Turkey, using interviews and secondary data analysis. Results indicate that although the number of students and tourism education centers has increased dramatically in Iran, the development model has not conformed to the selected horizontal and vertical models of the research in terms of form and content. In addition, serious shortcomings seem to exist in learning facilities and conditions of all educational courses.
mahmud jome pour; narges kiyumars
Volume 7, Issue 17 , March 2012, , Pages 73-92
Abstract
In the recent years, tourism has been recognized as one of the prominent strategies of rural development and poverty reduction especially in developing countries, and has been broadly attended by policy makers and practitioners. However, tourism has been an object of severe criticism by researchers and ...
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In the recent years, tourism has been recognized as one of the prominent strategies of rural development and poverty reduction especially in developing countries, and has been broadly attended by policy makers and practitioners. However, tourism has been an object of severe criticism by researchers and practitioners of rural development for being the focus of attentions in excessive and partial ways, lacking roots in development theories. With a critical approach, this research aims to investigate the capitals of Zeeyarat villagers and to evaluate the tourism impacts on the sustainable livelihood development in Zeeyarat village – in Gorgan County, Golestan province. This research is descriptive-analytical in nature using a case study method to investigate the impacts of tourism on the village development. The Time frame of the research is November 2010 until august 2011. Data are derived through various sources such as: questionnaire-based household survey, interviews, observations and secondary sources. Conducting the survey, questionnaires were distributed among 150 rural families which were selected by random sampling from among the total of 575 village households in 2011. Semi-structured interviews were also carried out with 18 individuals. Also two PRA sessions were held in order to obtain more detailed perspectives on tourism experiences in the village and its associated transformations, being a complement to the information obtained from household survey. Afterwards, Content analysis was adopted to analyze the collected data. Predetermined categories and themes employed in the analysis were based on the SLFT framework. In addition, the quantitative data from the questionnaire-survey (related to the livelihoods outcomes or sustainability) were analyzed using the SPSS software version 17.
saeed isa zaddeh; soudeh ghodsi
Volume 7, Issue 17 , March 2012, , Pages 151-172
Abstract
This study aims to estimate the employment multipliers of the various sectors related to tourism industry. In this regard,the amount of direct, indirect, and induced jobs associated with tourism sectors were measured. Also, using the input-output table of 1380 of Iran’s economy,the first and second ...
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This study aims to estimate the employment multipliers of the various sectors related to tourism industry. In this regard,the amount of direct, indirect, and induced jobs associated with tourism sectors were measured. Also, using the input-output table of 1380 of Iran’s economy,the first and second employment multipliers were calculated.Results revealed that "wholesale and retail sales sector" with a normal multiplier of 0.002 and multiplier ratio of 15.15 obtains the first rank in creating jobs in Iran’s economy.
mostafa ghadami; sadegh salehi
Volume 7, Issue 17 , March 2012, , Pages 173-203
Abstract
The relationship between tourism and agriculture has been a challenging liaison in the tourism development literature. The state of relationship between these two important industries varies through a two-poled spectrum in which conflict is on one end and growth on the other. Given that most tourism ...
Read More
The relationship between tourism and agriculture has been a challenging liaison in the tourism development literature. The state of relationship between these two important industries varies through a two-poled spectrum in which conflict is on one end and growth on the other. Given that most tourism destinations of the world are faced with rapid changes, adjusting the relationship between the two industries to move from a conflicting stance into a compatible situation, is a challenge for spatial management and planning. Coastal areas of Caspian Sea are concurrently agricultural and touristic destinations. With the increasing changes of the area in the recent decades, the relationship quality between the two sectors has become a critical issue in planning and regional development. Being this a matter of great concern in the region, this paper aims to investigate the entity of relationship between tourism and agriculture, and to identify the factors affecting the manner of this relationship, and finally to suggest some solutions. A survey analysis was conducted upon a statistical population consisting of farmers, administrations, real estate agents, and lawyers from two different areas: mountainous region of Chalous and plain lands of Nowshahr County. Results indicated that the relationship between stated industries is of the winner-loser type, being conflicting and destructive; as a matter of weaknesses in land-use management mechanisms, grave weaknesses in agriculture sector, mushrooming of real-estate agencies all around the area, and farmers’ attitudes regarding welfare—not expecting it to be achieved by way of agriculture. Finally the followings are suggested: Effective support of strategic agricultural products by government, reformation of land laws and regulations, establishing coherent executive and use-management mechanisms, and formulation of a structural-strategic plan for the purpose of spatial development in the region.
ali khatami firuz abadi
Abstract
One of the issues embedded in tourism, is planning for visiting historical places of interest. Due to the time limitations which tourists are usually faced with, they tend to visit places that according to their previous knowledge, render them the most utility. Isfahan has always been popular with tourists. ...
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One of the issues embedded in tourism, is planning for visiting historical places of interest. Due to the time limitations which tourists are usually faced with, they tend to visit places that according to their previous knowledge, render them the most utility. Isfahan has always been popular with tourists. Its historical monuments have hosted masses of tourists in the past and present time, as testified in various travel logs through the history. In this study, it is attempted to set a ranking for Isfahan’s historical sites so that they can be introduced to tourists based on a preplanned schedule. In so doing, Eastern European tourists who had accommodated in the city, were asked their viewpoints on the sites’ ranking. From among Isfahan’s attractions, the Naqsh-e Jahan Square (including the Imam Mosque, Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque, Ali Qapu Palace and Ghaisarieh Bazaar), Si–o–se Pol, Khaju Bridge, Monar Jonban, Hasht Behesht, Vank Cathedral, Chehel Sotoun Palace, Chaharbagh School, Atashgah and Zayanderood were chosen by the respondents. Since Zayanderood is observable when visiting Si–o–se Pol and Khaju Bridge, it was dropped out of the list. Although Chahar Bagh, Hakim Mosque and Atashgah were existent in the preliminary list, they were omitted on account of the tourists’ indifference. Relative unknownity of these three sites, compared to the other ones, was the main reason for this omission. The method of the study is multi-criteria decision making using ARIADNE. ARIADNE method requires upper and lower bounds for the decision making. For obtaining upper and lower bounds for each criterion, the average of numbers presented by the tourists was considered. Then, for each decision choice, one linear programming model with two functions of maximization and minimization was performed. Results suggested the significance order of sites-visiting as the following: Imam Square, Chehel Sotoun, Khaju Bridge, Si–o–se Pol, Vank Cathedral, Monar Jonban, and Hasht Behesht Palace.
Zohreh Fanni; Mojtaba Barghamadi; Majid Eskandarpour; Mansour Soleimani
Abstract
Climatic and geographical features of Gorgan (e.g. lying in thevicinity of North - and Razavi-khorasan, Semnan, Tehran, andMazandaran provinces) on the one hand and its cultural and historicalattractions (e.g. Existence of Turkman people and their handicrafts) onthe other, have rendered this city into ...
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Climatic and geographical features of Gorgan (e.g. lying in thevicinity of North - and Razavi-khorasan, Semnan, Tehran, andMazandaran provinces) on the one hand and its cultural and historicalattractions (e.g. Existence of Turkman people and their handicrafts) onthe other, have rendered this city into a prominent tourist spot. Thisresearch, aims to evaluate the Gorgan - tourists’ satisfaction level andthe principal factors affecting it. After distribution of 250questionnaires, data were analyzed through descriptive and analyticalstatistics methods. Results indicate that four factors including servicequality, environmental quality, host behavior quality, and servicescost, can explain more than %54 of the variance of the variables. Also,a significant correlation is observed between the mentioned factorsand the tourists’ satisfaction level. At the end, some suggestions areproposed for improving tourists’ satisfaction and tourism developmentin Gorgan.
habib ebrahim pour; mir ali seyed naghavi; nour mohammad yaghubi
Volume 5, Issue 14 , February 2011, , Pages 67-92
Abstract
For the positive social cultural and economic effects that tourism entails, it is turning into the fist leading industry in the world, giving rise to a considerable range of opportunities such as job creation, foreign exchange and gain of income. This research investigates two factors, tourist’s ...
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For the positive social cultural and economic effects that tourism entails, it is turning into the fist leading industry in the world, giving rise to a considerable range of opportunities such as job creation, foreign exchange and gain of income. This research investigates two factors, tourist’s satisfaction and loyalty, in the region of Sarein. It is applicable regarding the goal- type and methodology employed is correlation. Questionnaire is used as the main tool in gathering information. Statistical population of the research consists of the tourists who traveled to Sarein in August. Owing to the unknown number of tourists (Statistical population), available sampling method was employed. Also, correlation coefficient was utilized to analyze the questions, to confirm or rule out the hypotheses, and also to evaluate the strength of the relations. Findings displayed a positive relationship between ‘organizational and environmental factors’ and ‘satisfaction’, and also between these three factors and ‘loyalty’, (R= 0/71). As a result institutional and environmental factors increase satisfaction and consequently loyalty of tourists, leading to their return to the region and spread of word of mouth. In the end, improvement of the environmental and institutional factors was suggested.
mohammad rahim ramanian; pedram heydarnia kohan
Volume 5, Issue 14 , February 2011, , Pages 125-151
Abstract
Tourism is widely recognized as an important economic sector. No matter what the economic climate, tourism has a significant impact on global and local economies. Tourism has been recognized as a complex system. Therefore, business management in the tourism industry critically needs to consider supply ...
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Tourism is widely recognized as an important economic sector. No matter what the economic climate, tourism has a significant impact on global and local economies. Tourism has been recognized as a complex system. Therefore, business management in the tourism industry critically needs to consider supply chain perspectives to integrate the fragmented nature of this industry. Moreover, development of tourism industry and its negative environmental impacts force companies to adopt sustainable strategies. This article reviews related literature and presents an analytical model in order to identify potential factors which influence the environmental strategic decision-making process. We investigated the influence of these potential factors on tourism industry and particularly on the travel agencies of Iran. Thus, analytical model was employed to design a questionnaire based on which 15 Tour & Travel agencies of Tehran were investigated through semi-structured interviews. The results show that in the absence of organizational benefits, external pressures could lead to GSCM adoption; also that implementation of this strategy is prone to get limited by strategic myopia and some other organizational factors.
hasan asadi; amin pour naghi; noushin esfahani; hamid zeytunli
Volume 5, Issue 13 , November 2010, , Pages 47-64
Abstract
The present research aims to study the various dimensions of security in Iran’s sport tourism. The statistical population of this research include all of the international sport tourists such as athletes, coaches, trainers, doctors, journalists, and associated delegations, who participated in the ...
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The present research aims to study the various dimensions of security in Iran’s sport tourism. The statistical population of this research include all of the international sport tourists such as athletes, coaches, trainers, doctors, journalists, and associated delegations, who participated in the Fajr International Games (2010). The total number of the sample population is 420. The preliminary data were collected using a questionnaire devised by the researcher which its validity was approved by the experts. To determine the reliability, the questionnaires were distributed among 25 foreign sport tourists, resulting in Cronbach's alpha (α=0.83). This questionnaire investigated various dimensions such as the sport tourists satisfaction with the existing security in Iran, the security-disturbing factors from the view point of sport tourists before and after traveling to Iran, the role of the tourist police in the maintenance and improvement of tourism in Iran, the role of the media in depicting security in this country, and the measures these tourists suggest to be taken to improve security in Iran’s sport tourism. For data analysis, in the descriptive statistics section, standard deviation, cumulative frequency, cumulative frequency percentage, mean and mode were identified and for the evaluation of the data SPSS16 was employed. The results show that the major causes of worry for sport tourists before coming to Iran were: social aggressiveness, personal territory violation, and robbery. However, 34% of the tourists declared they were not worried at all about the security in Iran before their departure. The most prominent matters the sport tourists were anxious about, during their visit to Iran, were: lack of personal security, social aggressiveness, and psychological insecurity. However, regarding some security-disturbing matters like hitting, murder, rape, and terrorism, no signs of concern among the tourists were felt. Additionally, 53% of the sports tourist didn’t witness any security violating circumstances during their visit to Iran. Anyhow, the feeling of insecurity originating from the media, family and friends, decreased significantly after the tourists’ traveling to Iran.
akbar pour faraj; mohammad hoseyn khoshkhu imani; reyhaneh behbudi
Volume 4, Issue 11.12 , May 2006, , Pages 57-80
Abstract
A destination image is 'the expression of all objective knowledge, impressions, prejudice, imaginations and emotion thoughts an individual or group might have of a particular place'(Lawson, baud, 1977).This concept is of great importance in tourism context as it can determine tourist' preferences and ...
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A destination image is 'the expression of all objective knowledge, impressions, prejudice, imaginations and emotion thoughts an individual or group might have of a particular place'(Lawson, baud, 1977).This concept is of great importance in tourism context as it can determine tourist' preferences and influence their behavior during all trip stages from pre-travel steps to post-travel ones. On the other hand destination's built environment, architecture and buildings which are considered as the most significant cultural attractions, can affect the tourist destination image formation. This study examines the relationship between Iranian-Islamic architecture and European's post-visitors Image towards Iran. The aim of this paper is also to study the various aspects of this image via a model proposed by Echtner and Ritchie in 1993. To be more precise, the study has focused on the Safavid buildings of Isfahan, a well-known Iran's tourist destination. Results of the study indicate that Iranian- Islamic architecture had a significant effect on European tourist image. According to findings, Naghsh-e -Jahan Square and Sheik Lotfollah mosque are considered as the most remarkable and memorable places in European's functional perception. Responses show that most of the respondents have expressed their affective image of Iranian• Islamic architecture by the words which connote wonder, admiration and economic activities caused is essentially the nature of the services to be remembered as the industry after the oil industry and automobile industry as the third world to be known. Among the different fields of tourism, health tourism, and subsets of its capabilities and advantages due to their attention have doubled and growth acceleration, among other forms of tourism shows. Iran tourism development in this field as it should perhaps focus has not been the custodian institutions and consequently the level of business in the private collection of active and feet have not been successful. Negligible number of which deal with this matter of economic prosperity and business continuity are not entitled. Answer and explain why the development of medical tourism (as one of the most important part of health tourism) and the concept of learning to understand and prioritize the factors related to health tourism development topic and purpose of this article. To do this important first questionnaire consisted of 25 factors affecting the development of medical tourism, based on literature research and expert were set. The questionnaires for these 85 practitioners from the field of medical tourism that snowball method was identified were sent. Finally, prioritize each factor using the Friedman test as the results of a questionnaire were determined. The findings indicated that the view of practitioners medical tourism business, three factors "for Iran in the field Brand treatment", "full coordination with related institutions, health tourism" and "exist institution between the part of trustee and agency policy" were greatly priority first to third of Iran in the development of medical tourism are.
zohreh fani; ali mohammad nejhad
Volume 4, Issue 11.12 , May 2006, , Pages 101-122
Abstract
The purpose of this study is examining the role of urban management in recogruzmg tourism potential, planning and exploitation of attractions. 011P<::tinnPr, were selected amonz tourists for understanding of the and recreational activities in Chabahar and Shiraz. We used the total monthly precipitation ...
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The purpose of this study is examining the role of urban management in recogruzmg tourism potential, planning and exploitation of attractions. 011P<::tinnPr, were selected amonz tourists for understanding of the and recreational activities in Chabahar and Shiraz. We used the total monthly precipitation and average temperature, sunshine hours , wind speed, relative humidity, minimum relative humidity and maximum temperature data of Chabahar and Shiraz stations monthly and in a forty- year time span. Mieczkowski tourism climate index was used for this research. The results of this paper showed that climatic conditions of Chabahar in cold seasons of the year (i.e. Autumn and winter) are suitable for tourism activities but during the warm seasons of the year (i.e.spring and summer) face limitations. According to tourism climate index, January and February are the best time of the year for tourism activities in Chabahar. The best seasons for tourism in Shiraz are spring and Autumn and April, May and October has ideal condition for tourism.
mehdi kazemi; neda sohrabi nejhaad; mehrdad hamrahi
Volume 3, Issue 10 , November 2005, , Pages 35-52
Abstract
Numerous authors have pointed out the influence of trained and skillful human resource on tourism development. the aim of this paper is to, evaluate the quality of in-service training programs in tourism industry based on CIPP model in Fars Province. This model has four dimensions in eluding Context, ...
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Numerous authors have pointed out the influence of trained and skillful human resource on tourism development. the aim of this paper is to, evaluate the quality of in-service training programs in tourism industry based on CIPP model in Fars Province. This model has four dimensions in eluding Context, Input, Process and Output.The data is obtained from a survey applied to a sample of 253 trainees from a 1480 population who attended the training programs over a period of 5 years between 2000 and 2005.T-tests were used to evaluate data. Finding demonstrated that each dimension of the model had high quality but they were rather different. So a number of recommendations are made to improvement the in-service programs.
amirhoseyn shariati; bita yazdani; fereshteh haghighat
Volume 3, Issue 10 , November 2005, , Pages 79-104
Abstract
Present article concentrates on investigation of the effective factors of human resource management on profitability in Isfahan city hotels. Factors such as 1 )human relations; 2)human resource planning; })education; 4)reward's system; 5)performance management; 6)performance evaluation;7)discipline ; ...
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Present article concentrates on investigation of the effective factors of human resource management on profitability in Isfahan city hotels. Factors such as 1 )human relations; 2)human resource planning; })education; 4)reward's system; 5)performance management; 6)performance evaluation;7)discipline ; 8)human resource information system ;9)job design and I O)socialization have been tested. A self• made questionnaire was designed. Its validity was measured with Cronbach coefficient alpha of 89%. Then hypotheses were tasted in a statistical population of 49 persons which 15 were selected as primary sample. The result was a ranking classification of effective factors on customer profitability.
hamid zargham; moslem shojaee
Volume 3, Issue 9 , August 2005, , Pages 74-90
Abstract
Domestic tourism, with so many negative and positive social, cultural, economic and environmental impacts, is important part of internal travels. Studying tourists' attitudes, motivations and behaviors in destinations is very significant in identifying these impacts and contributes greatly to enhancing ...
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Domestic tourism, with so many negative and positive social, cultural, economic and environmental impacts, is important part of internal travels. Studying tourists' attitudes, motivations and behaviors in destinations is very significant in identifying these impacts and contributes greatly to enhancing the strengths and removing the weaknesses. It also enables the managers to come up with applicable solutions and helps them in decision making. The findings of this article are extracted from 100 questionnaires filled in 3 different locations on Haraz Road on March 2007. This paper tries to outline a profile of the tourists in Mazandaran Province in light of the gathered data.
kamal omidvar
Volume 3, Issue 9 , August 2005, , Pages 117-140
Abstract
Tourism and ecotourism are important in the growth of cultures and recognition of nations. Its development will contribute to a country's progress and economic and social transformation and job creation. Tourism and ecotourism attractions are the most important bases in planning. This research attempts ...
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Tourism and ecotourism are important in the growth of cultures and recognition of nations. Its development will contribute to a country's progress and economic and social transformation and job creation. Tourism and ecotourism attractions are the most important bases in planning. This research attempts to consider ecotourism attractions in Yazd province and to introduce available potentials in this field. Therefore, location and relocation of a museum within a city or a region and its interaction and relationship with urban applicabilities m the region and country are of utmost importance. This paper is a systematic and comprehensive study at the level of region, and then, the city chosen. The study is based on urbanization panning and principles on one hand and museum requirements on the other hand. The final aim is to locate an appropriate place for constructing the regional museum.
mahmud ziai; ali asghar saeedi; mojhgan torab ahmadi
Volume 2, Issue 7 , March 2005, , Pages 61-86
Abstract
In tourism, like any other service industry, the people offering service are a constituent part of the product, and their expertise, theoretical knowledge, and job skills undeniably affect the quality of services. Hence, Composition and implementation of human resource development strategies is of a ...
Read More
In tourism, like any other service industry, the people offering service are a constituent part of the product, and their expertise, theoretical knowledge, and job skills undeniably affect the quality of services. Hence, Composition and implementation of human resource development strategies is of a great importance and education/training, therein, plays a major part. Higher education, compared to other educational levels, is of greater significance for being in charge of training expert human resources to create knowledge and transfer it to the lower levels. Among the component indices of higher education system, the scientific criteria, including learning factors, teaching factors, and learning conditions and facilities, correlate directly with the quality of academic courses. In order to explore the state of these criteria in tourism academic courses, two models are used: horizontal model (based on the scientific nature of courses) and vertical model (based on the education level and hierarchy). Having investigated the indices of scientific system of tourism education based on these two models, it allows ascertaining the efficiency of education system in terms of form and content. This research focuses on identification of the model and quality of scientific and learning criteria of tourism in Iran’s higher education, utilizing a comparative-longitudinal research method. A comparative study was also performed between Iran and Turkey, using interviews and secondary data analysis. Results indicate that although the number of students and tourism education centers has increased dramatically in Iran, the development model has not conformed to the selected horizontal and vertical models of the research in terms of form and content. In addition, serious shortcomings seem to exist in learning facilities and conditions of all educational courses.
mahmud jome poor; narjes kiumars
Volume 2, Issue 7 , March 2005, , Pages 87-120
Abstract
In the recent years, tourism has been recognized as one of the prominent strategies of rural development and poverty reduction especially in developing countries, and has been broadly attended by policy makers and practitioners. However, tourism has been an object of severe criticism by researchers and ...
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In the recent years, tourism has been recognized as one of the prominent strategies of rural development and poverty reduction especially in developing countries, and has been broadly attended by policy makers and practitioners. However, tourism has been an object of severe criticism by researchers and practitioners of rural development for being the focus of attentions in excessive and partial ways, lacking roots in development theories. With a critical approach, this research aims to investigate the capitals of Zeeyarat villagers and to evaluate the tourism impacts on the sustainable livelihood development in Zeeyarat village – in Gorgan County, Golestan province. This research is descriptive-analytical in nature using a case study method to investigate the impacts of tourism on the village development. The Time frame of the research is November 2010 until august 2011. Data are derived through various sources such as: questionnaire-based household survey, interviews, observations and secondary sources. Conducting the survey, questionnaires were distributed among 150 rural families which were selected by random sampling from among the total of 575 village households in 2011. Semi-structured interviews were also carried out with 18 individuals. Also two PRA sessions were held in order to obtain more detailed perspectives on tourism experiences in the village and its associated transformations, being a complement to the information obtained from household survey. Afterwards, Content analysis was adopted to analyze the collected data. Predetermined categories and themes employed in the analysis were based on the SLFT framework. In addition, the quantitative data from the questionnaire-survey (related to the livelihoods outcomes or sustainability) were analyzed using the SPSS software version 17.
saeed isa zadeh; soudeh ghodsi
Volume 2, Issue 7 , March 2005, , Pages 151-172
Abstract
This study aims to estimate the employment multipliers of the various sectors related to tourism industry. In this regard, the amount of direct, indirect, and induced jobs associated with tourism sectors were measured. Also, using the input-output table of 1380 of Iran’s economy, the first and ...
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This study aims to estimate the employment multipliers of the various sectors related to tourism industry. In this regard, the amount of direct, indirect, and induced jobs associated with tourism sectors were measured. Also, using the input-output table of 1380 of Iran’s economy, the first and second employment multipliers were calculated. Results revealed that "wholesale and retail sales sector" with a normal multiplier of 0.002 and multiplier ratio of 15.15 obtains the first rank in creating jobs in Iran’s economy.
mostafa ghadami; sadegh salehi
Volume 2, Issue 7 , March 2005, , Pages 173-203
Abstract
The relationship between tourism and agriculture has been a challenging liaison in the tourism development literature. The state of relationship between these two important industries varies through a two-poled spectrum in which conflict is on one end and growth on the other. Given that most tourism ...
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The relationship between tourism and agriculture has been a challenging liaison in the tourism development literature. The state of relationship between these two important industries varies through a two-poled spectrum in which conflict is on one end and growth on the other. Given that most tourism destinations of the world are faced with rapid changes, adjusting the relationship between the two industries to move from a conflicting stance into a compatible situation, is a challenge for spatial management and planning. Coastal areas of Caspian Sea are concurrently agricultural and touristic destinations. With the increasing changes of the area in the recent decades, the relationship quality between the two sectors has become a critical issue in planning and regional development. Being this a matter of great concern in the region, this paper aims to investigate the entity of relationship between tourism and agriculture, and to identify the factors affecting the manner of this relationship, and finally to suggest some solutions. A survey analysis was conducted upon a statistical population consisting of farmers, administrations, real estate agents, and lawyers from two different areas: mountainous region of Chalous and plain lands of Nowshahr County. Results indicated that the relationship between stated industries is of the winner-loser type, being conflicting and destructive; as a matter of weaknesses in land-use management mechanisms, grave weaknesses in agriculture sector, mushrooming of real-estate agencies all around the area, and farmers’ attitudes regarding welfare—not expecting it to be achieved by way of agriculture. Finally the followings are suggested: Effective support of strategic agricultural products by government, reformation of land laws and regulations, establishing coherent executive and use-management mechanisms, and formulation of a structural-strategic plan for the purpose of spatial development in the region.
