tourism management
Ali Motevali; Ali Mobini Dehkordi; Hossein Sadeghi
Abstract
The need to transition to an economic system that does not exceed environmental constraints requires a great deal of effort to address sustainability issues. In this regard, the circular economy model is expanding at political, commercial, and academic levels. The present study aimed to identify and ...
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The need to transition to an economic system that does not exceed environmental constraints requires a great deal of effort to address sustainability issues. In this regard, the circular economy model is expanding at political, commercial, and academic levels. The present study aimed to identify and analyze the factors influencing the entrepreneurial ecotourism based on circular economy. Having retrieved a total of 152 articles from the Google Scholar database, the study applied various filters and identified the most relevant articles (i.e., 14 items) regarding title, abstract, methodology, and article text. A meta-synthesis approach was used to analyze the articles, which led to the identification of 62 open codes and, at a higher level, seven core codes. The extracted categories were finally categorized under three stages: pre-circulation (empowerment and value creation), circulation (technology and biocentrism), and post-circulation (recycling and continuity).IntroductionDespite being classified as a service sector that produces intangible services, tourism relies on vast amounts and flows of inexhaustible natural resources. However, it largely reflects a linear production model (Manniche et al., 2021), which is based on a linear model of production and consumption, namely extraction/production and consumption/disposal, which depletes natural resources and produces waste. The current linear economy neither optimizes the use of materials nor promotes recycling and reuse of waste. Therefore, policymakers and stakeholders worldwide have increasingly focused on the concept of circular economy (CE). However, much of the CE literature has been developed mainly for the manufacturing sector, with only a limited number of sources devoted to the tourism sector, where massive consumption of energy and water, food waste, congestion problems, and CO2 emissions are prevailing (Rodríguez et al., 2020). Nonetheless, there is a growing focus on CE in order to address sustainability challenges. CE is emerging as a transformational model with economic, environmental, and social benefits (Clube & Tennant, 2020). It is gaining popularity in academia, industry, and policymaking as an alternative model that reduces resource consumption and minimizes greenhouse gas emissions. Business models are essential for implementing this concept at the organizational level (Geissdoerfera et al., 2020). However, there are very few documented initiatives on CE in the tourism industry, and this area has yet to be fully explored. CE is considered a relatively new paradigm that can contribute to a more sustainable tourism industry. In this respect, the tourism industry is worthy of further attention since it plays an essential role in economic transformation due to its multiplier effect on the whole economy and its capacity to encourage cyclical flows among suppliers and customers.Materials and MethodsThe current study is a qualitative research based on the meta-synthesis approach which involves examination of the data and findings extracted from other qualitative studies related to a research topic. It is worth noting that meta-synthesis is not the same as a comprehensive review of the qualitative literature. In meta-synthesis, the secondary and primary data analysis is applied not to the studies themselves but to their findings, so it involves combining interpretations of the primary data from the selected studies. This approach focuses on qualitative studies that do not necessarily cover a broad theoretical basis and, instead of providing a comprehensive summary of the findings, creates an interpretive synthesis of the findings (Zimmer, 2006). The sample of the present study consisted of a number of qualitative studies selected according to their relevance to the research question (Walsh & Down, 2005). Having retrieved a total of 152 articles from the Google Scholar database, the study applied various filters and identified the most relevant articles (i.e., 14 items) regarding title, abstract, methodology, and article text. They were then analyzed through a meta-synthesis approach, leading to the identification of several themes and categories.Results and DiscussionThe extracted categories were categorized under three stages: pre-circulation (empowerment and value creation), circulation (technology and biocentrism), and post-circulation (recycling and continuity).ConclusionThe primary purpose of this study was to identify and analyze previous research in the field of CE and its relationship with the tourism industry. Based on the analysis of the relevant articles, the extraction categories were categorized under three stages: pre-circulation (empowerment and value creation), circulation (technology and biocentrism), and post-circulation (recycling and continuity). The research findings suggest that developing the tourism industry based on CE approach is considered essential for sustainable growth and development of regions. The industry’s evolution towards CE to minimize its environmental footprint is of great importance. Circular tourism emphasizes the reuse of goods and waste recycling, and considers the use of second-hand rental goods and facilities as a valuable measure. In circular tourism, unlike linear tourism, the tour process does not end with the completion of the tour but enters the post-tour stage, which is as important as the tour stage. Compared to previous research, the present study is innovative in both practical and theoretical aspects. It is innovative in terms of research because it is one of the first studies in Iran to address the issue of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in the tourism industry with an emphasis on CE. Secondly, it looked at the conditions and advantages of tourism from an ecosystem perspective. The research findings can be useful for policymakers concerned with improving competitiveness and creating a conducive environment for entrepreneurial businesses. The novelty of this study lies in the contribution it makes by providing the relevant policymakers with a refined and new insight into the topic.
mohammad reza fallah; Abolfazl Hatami; Tahere Rezaei
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to provide a framework for explaining the preconditions for successful entry of entrepreneurs into the field of ecotourism. The approach of this qualitative research is in terms of applied purpose and in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population ...
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The purpose of this study is to provide a framework for explaining the preconditions for successful entry of entrepreneurs into the field of ecotourism. The approach of this qualitative research is in terms of applied purpose and in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the study consists of experts and activists in the field of ecotourism with at least 2 years of experience, which has been obtained using Theoretical sampling method and exploratory interviews with 14 saturated people. In this study, Glaser- grounded theory was used to analyze the data, as a result of which 30 events were labeled in 4 concepts and 2 main categories. Findings show that in order for entrepreneurs to successfully enter the field of entrepreneurship, a kind of synergy must be created between empowering and capacity building factors through multiple interactions between motivating, facilitating, developing and grounding factors.
Mohamadreza rabiee mandejin; hassan oroji; mohammad alizadeh
Abstract
Introduction: Ecolodges are considered one of the basic elements in ecotourism, especially in ecotourism habitats and rural areas. Ecolodges have involved different components of the rural tourism system in the context of the origin and destination of tourism, and they have affected different dimensions ...
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Introduction: Ecolodges are considered one of the basic elements in ecotourism, especially in ecotourism habitats and rural areas. Ecolodges have involved different components of the rural tourism system in the context of the origin and destination of tourism, and they have affected different dimensions of rural areas. The relationships between these components and their place in ecolodges can be defined and explained in the form of different models. Therefore, explaining these patterns and redefining the elements and factors of Ecolodges systems has an important role in the development of future ecolodges and the development of different dimensions of villages. Ardabil province, located in the cold region of northwest of the Iranian plateau, with its various factors such as the diversity of natural resources, hot mineral waters, and their healing properties, can be important in attracting tourists. Khalkhal county is also known as one of the potential eco-touristic areas of the province. However, the city's rural areas are known only as transit ecotourism areas and have not yet been identified as an ecotourism destination. Accordingly, ecolodges have been built in the past few years, only in a handful of villages such as Khums, Kazaj, and areas such as Aznav. In this regard, there is no proportionality between the villages. According to those mentioned earlier, this study's main aim was to explain and present a model for the development of ecolodges in rural areas; Khalkhal city as a suitable and compatible case study to identify the main factors selected in the development system of ecolodges in a destination Tourism. The main purpose of this study was to participate in the theoretical knowledge in the field of ecotourism resort development system. In order to present the future development model, first, the current status of the Ecolodges system in the city should be identified by identifying the main factors and categories influencing the ecotourism system and ecolodges in the region and then by analyzing the conceptual patterns and views and identifying the relationship between factors and Their effects provided an optimal model for the future development of ecolodges. Materials and Methods: This research is applied type, and in terms of the nature of the data, it is quantitative-qualitative research. Research data were collected mainly through field methods, including structured interviews, group discussions, questionnaires, field observations and evaluations, library methods, and theoretical exploration. The study's statistical population to identify the factors and conceptual patterns governing the system of rural ecolodges in this county includes all experts in this field such as managers, entrepreneurs of ecolodges, and researchers familiar with the current situation of rural ecolodges. The statistical sample of the research is consciously selected. It includes four researchers with a history of research and field study in Khalkhal, four activists and entrepreneurs in the field of ecolodges in the region, and two administrative experts related to ecolodges and tourism in the city. Since this section has been analyzed through the Q analytical model, according to the limitations of elite and knowledgeable people, finally, ten experts were selected to evaluate and analyze this section. Inductive qualitative content analysis has also been used to identify and analyze the extensive components of ecolodges. Discussion and Results: First, the effective factors in the development of ecolodges have been studied in Khalkhal city. Therefore, eight influential factors have been identified, which are very different in terms of effectiveness and importance. The first factor is the most important of all. This factor refers to ecotourism capabilities to build accommodation in most villages of the county. It has shown a relatively high level of public participation in tourism in most villages. The main manifestation of this partnership is the supply of handicrafts and indigenous rural products to tourists. Of course, the size and geographical location of the villages are also involved to some extent in this issue. Another important point concerning this factor is the lack of significant differences between Khalkhal villages regarding ecotourism capacity and infrastructure and services. However, this factor points to the fact that the relationship between rural ecolodges with each other and urban resorts is not very strong, and the weakness of rural management and publicity has fueled this issue. Then, the dominant thought patterns in the development of ecolodges were identified. There are only two thought patterns on the development of ecolodges in the ruling village, but the first model is much more important in terms of influence and importance. so as to explain more precisely the process and structure of rural ecolodges in Khalkhal city, the main concepts and categories have been identified through inductive qualitative content analysis, which includes entrepreneurial communication, strengthening public participation, and satisfaction People, lack of a definite model for ecolodges, the role of roads, human capital, weak government management, relative incompatibility between rural management and non-indigenous entrepreneurs, the role of non-indigenous forces, injecting ideas for ecolodges, hastily granting ecotourism permits and creating conflict It is exclusivism. Conclusions: After analyzing the data and research results, the final optimal model is presented to develop rural ecotourism resorts in Khalkhal city. The main components of this model involve entrepreneurship and indigenous knowledge, non-indigenous ideas, ecotourism monopolization, attraction production, ecotourism acculturation, identification of holes and sensitive elements, creation of ecotourism complexes, ecotourism routing, ecotouristic cluster and network management, and regional network strategy. Eventually, the ecolodge system will move towards development, but a scenario needs to be developed for better management.
Alireza Ildoromi; Seyed Mousa Hosseini; Mohammad Ghorbani
Abstract
Nowadays, examining and identifying potential locations for Ecotourism have become one of the important issues considered by tourism planners. using natural resources as tourism attractions, but without damaging them, is an ideal object to move in alignment with sustainable development. The aim ...
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Nowadays, examining and identifying potential locations for Ecotourism have become one of the important issues considered by tourism planners. using natural resources as tourism attractions, but without damaging them, is an ideal object to move in alignment with sustainable development. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of establishing an eco-touristic camp in Balkhly Boulaghi resort of Garmab township, in Khodabande city in the province of Zanjan. The statistical population of the present study was about 300 visitors per month and, overall, 3600 of those per year, Based on Cochran's formula, a statistical sample of 255 people was calculated. In this study, simple random sampling was used to distribute the questionnaire, and it was tried using the SWOT model and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and, finally, analyze the information obtained using ARC GIS software to identify potential areas for establishing eco-camp. The results obtained from the process showed that only 0.4 percent of the area in Khodabande township is capable for establishing eco-touristic camps. it is showed that, in the case study, there are significant limitations in terms of establishing touristic camps, so that only 2.17 percent of the area of the township, in which capacity is capable, is located in this area. However, the results obtained from SWOT analysis showed That total score of internal and external factors are 3.71 and 3.12 respectively where represents aggressive strategy, and it indicates planners’ use of strength and opportunity points for tourism developing in the area as a case study.
Vajihe ghorbannia; Mir mehrdad mirsanjari; Homan Liaghati; mohsen armin
Abstract
In this research, at first, map of ecotourism indicators including WDI, EAI, ERI, IFI and EDI was developed in Dena County. Then, potential areas of ecotourism development using the linear weighted average method and calculating the relative weight of the indicators through the hierarchical analysis ...
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In this research, at first, map of ecotourism indicators including WDI, EAI, ERI, IFI and EDI was developed in Dena County. Then, potential areas of ecotourism development using the linear weighted average method and calculating the relative weight of the indicators through the hierarchical analysis process and adopting various decision-making strategies and applying ordered weights are identified and prioritized. The difference in the area allocated to various classes of ecotourism reflects the role of different decision-making strategies in determining the capability and assigning different degrees of suitability to a region for the development of ecotourism.One can define an infinite range of possible solutions that, in terms of riskiness, at the end of it, is the Boolean OR , and at the other end it is the Boolean logic of AND which all criteria must be met for the suitability of an area for ecotourism.
Jila Sajadi; Arman moslemi; Roghayeh Samadi
Abstract
Nowadays, the natural sources as a main ecotourism assets confront withvarious challenges. Thus, evaluation of eco-tourist regions and bio ecologyfunctions in the course of decisions – making and economic policies isaccounted as a most important branches of development and planning of tourismindustry. ...
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Nowadays, the natural sources as a main ecotourism assets confront withvarious challenges. Thus, evaluation of eco-tourist regions and bio ecologyfunctions in the course of decisions – making and economic policies isaccounted as a most important branches of development and planning of tourismindustry. The recreational region of Rudbar Qasran is one of the ecotourismattractions of Shemiranat division located on Tehran and is accounted as one oftourism destinations. Thus, to study it’s ecotourism value could be effective inpredication of demands and provision of defects as well as in development oftourism.The research method is descriptive and the aim of the present researchis to estimate ecotourism value of Rudbar Qasran via conditional valuation.Through Logit model and binary choice the effect of factors which affectingwillingness of tourists to spend to visit touristic attractions of the region. Thequestionnaire The average willingness to pay by the tourists is about 7100 Rialsfor any household for use of tourism services of Rudbar Qasran and with regardto this level, the average recreational value of services and facilities of givenregion is estimated to 3550 million Rials. Thus, concerning to high value ofgiven region, should be paid more attention to development of tourism andpromotion of visitor’s accommodations by planners.
Laila Vossoughi; Narges Shamsi Marbini
Volume 10, Issue 32 , March 2016, , Pages 87-67
Abstract
Tourism is an increasingly growing activity in the world. However, it is an important treat for the environment (both cultural & natural). In recent decades, the approach of sustainable tourism and the concepts such as ecotourism, green tourism, and responsible tourism are considered as a strong ...
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Tourism is an increasingly growing activity in the world. However, it is an important treat for the environment (both cultural & natural). In recent decades, the approach of sustainable tourism and the concepts such as ecotourism, green tourism, and responsible tourism are considered as a strong mechanism to control the negative impacts of tourism. Ecotourism is a new concept in tourism context which has been created with the idea of being in harmony with the nature. Among this, one of the most important ways considered in ecotourism and green tourism, is the idea of green accommodations like green hotels or Eco camps. Green accommodations are environmentally friendly lodging facilities which are initiate in environmentally sustainable accommodations. Matin Abad Eco camp, as a type of green resort, is one of the first Eco camps in Iran. This paper aims to recognize effective indicators for Eco camps of the world and then, to assess the level of success of these indicators in Matin Abad site. The population of the study are the tourists who has visited Matin Abad Eco camp (N=180). For gathering data, a questionnaire was designed by using a theoretical basis. The effective indicators and their criteria on Eco camp success were evaluated by T-test. The findings from assessing indicators with their related criteria showed that all of the indicators have positive impact on the success of this green accommodation, but important differences are about their criteria. In other words, details or the criteria of each indicator must be considered
