Aliakbar Gholizadeh; Shahla Samadipour
Abstract
As a Labor-intensive industry, tourism helps to improve the economy through employment in tourist destinations, infrastructure development, maintaining financial resources, revitalizing historical and new tourist places, and better understanding of the world's people from each other. The mentioned factors ...
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As a Labor-intensive industry, tourism helps to improve the economy through employment in tourist destinations, infrastructure development, maintaining financial resources, revitalizing historical and new tourist places, and better understanding of the world's people from each other. The mentioned factors can lead to higher economic growth of the host countries and increase investment in other economic sectors. The housing sector is one of the sectors affected by increased economic growth. Thus, this article aims to analyze the effect of foreign tourism development on housing prices in Iran from the first quarter of 2012 to the first quarter of 2021. For this purpose, the number of foreign tourists entering the country as an indicator for the development of tourism and the variables of dollar price, population, the number of highways under the protection of the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development, and the number of issued building permits were considered as control variables. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was used for estimation. The estimation results showed that the number of foreign tourists negatively affected Iran’s housing prices during the studied period. Dollar price, population, and the number of highways under the protection of the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development positively affect housing prices, and the number of building permits issued hurts housing prices.IntroductionTourism is an industry with social, cultural, and economic dimensions that affect countries’ economic development. If properly planned and managed, this industry can increase production and economic growth, improve society’s standard of living and welfare, and employ production factors. Despite its political conflicts and economic sanctions, international visitors are drawn to Iran because of its four distinct seasons, ancient and historical landmarks, ethnic groups, and diverse cultures and customs. Iran’s economy is currently confronted with a scarcity of foreign exchange resources, on the one hand, attributable to its reliance on crude exports and the singular nature of its product, and on the other, the imposition of foreign sanctions and the pronounced risk associated with investing in the country. Tourism development is one factor that can contribute to currency earnings and mitigate issues resulting from currency deficiency. However, apart from its critical role in ensuring shelter, the housing sector assumes a heightened significance owing to the inefficiency of financial markets in Iran and the substantial return that can be obtained from housing investments.For this reason, to effectively plan and manage the housing sector, it is critical to identify the variables that influence housing prices, such as the growth of the tourism industry. This article’s primary objective is to answer the inquiry regarding the impact of tourism development on housing prices in Iran. In contrast to the majority of studies conducted in the field of the relationship between housing and tourism in Iran, which have frequently examined the impact of tourism on the cost of land or housing in a specific city or village, the current study focuses on the overall influx of tourists into the country. It is evaluated nationally, and its impact on housing prices is assessed at the macro level. An additional innovation of the article is the analysis of short-term and long-term relationships, which can result in more precise policy recommendations for distinct periods. Literature ReviewRecent socioeconomic changes, including the accumulation of wealth, an increase in permanent income, a rise in the value of leisure time, and an increase in the number of retirees with disposable income and time, have increased the demand for housing intended for recreation, according to Biagi et al. (2015). Moreover, notwithstanding the tax advantages, the demand for housing intended for recreational and vacation purposes has been augmented by the emergence of the global real estate market, which facilitates the process of acquiring housing abroad. Additionally, many international visitors travel to invest in the local real estate market; thus, some of these tourists may contribute to increased real estate demand. Cró, S., & Martins (2023), in research titled “Does tourism activity influence the dynamics of housing prices? Evidence for countries dependent on tourism,” examining the effects of tourism over the period 2000-2018 using the vector error correction model (VECM), analyzed housing prices in eight countries that are significant in the tourism industry. Results indicated that tourism development has a positive and statistically significant impact on housing prices over the short- and long-term. Methodology In order to examine the impact of foreign tourism growth on housing prices in Iran, the present study employs the model proposed by Kariş & Altintaş (2021): (1)The dependent variable in Equation 1 is denoted as and represents the housing price per square meter in thousand Rials. The primary independent variable of foreign tourism development is denoted as . Additional independent variables consist of the subsequent: is dollar price, is population as the quantity of people, is the number of building permits issued for construction, and is the number of highways protected by the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development. The present study’s analysis uses the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method.ResultsOne can estimate the model and interpret the outcomes by considering diagnostic test results’ long-term and short-term desirability. Table 1 displays the outcomes of Model estimation conducted using the ARDL method over the short- and long-term. Based on the data presented in the table, it is evident that housing prices in Iran experienced a decline from 2012Q2 to 2021Q2. The growth of international tourism has been correlated with a decrease in housing costs. Dollar price, population size, and the number of highways protected by the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development positively affect housing prices, and the number of building permits issues hurt housing prices. On the other hand, the error correction coefficient is equal to -0.157. It is significant at the 95% confidence level, which indicates the adjustment of approximately 16% of short-term disequilibrium towards the long-term trend.
tourism management
Ayoub Pazhouhan; SHahin Behvar; Hojat alah Maleki
Abstract
The current research was conducted to design and explain the development model of creative rural tourism in the target villages of Kermanshah province. The research is of a qualitative type and based on database theorizing. The studied community comprised villagers of tourism target villages, managers ...
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The current research was conducted to design and explain the development model of creative rural tourism in the target villages of Kermanshah province. The research is of a qualitative type and based on database theorizing. The studied community comprised villagers of tourism target villages, managers of ecotourism houses, village councils, local experts, university professors in the field of tourism, and key informants. Sampling has been done using targeted and snowball methods. Based on this, 23 interviews were conducted with the research participants, and theoretical saturation was achieved in 19 interviews. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's strategy. In order to measure the validity and respect the qualitative features of the research, accreditation, and data during the interviews, Lincoln and Goba's four criteria (credibility, transferability, reliability, and verifiability) were used. The reliability of the research was calculated using Holstein's reliability formula (82%). The results of the inductive content analysis identified 120 primary codes, 32 central codes, and six factors during three open, central, and selective coding procedures. Finally, the model of creative rural tourism was designed and presented, in which "creative rural tourism" was selected as the central phenomenon affected by the causal factors of the research. Contextual and intervening factors, together with the central phenomenon, shaped creative rural tourism development strategies and consequences such as increasing private sector investments, driving income from cities to villages, preventing migration to cities, increasing employment rates, returning to villages and cultural development, and a sense of cooperation were identified in the area.IntroductionRaymond and Richards presented the first definition of creative tourism in 2000. They described it as follows: "A type of tourism that gives visitors the opportunity to develop their creative potential through active participation in the learning and experiences they gain from the characteristics of the destination." The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) defined the concept of creative tourism as follows: Creative tourism is travel that leads to an engaging and authentic experience, with participatory learning in the art, heritage, or special features of a place. It is directed and provides a proper connection with those who live in this place and create this living culture. In Kermanshah province, 14 villages are the target of tourism; for example, we can mention the villages of Kandoleh, Piran, Shalan, Shamshir, Hajij, Khaneqah, and Najobran. Considering the many benefits that the booming tourism industry can bring to the province and the target villages of tourism, it is necessary to pay more attention to the tourism industry in this province, as it can be said that this industry can, in addition to turning the province into the tourism pole can provide one of the axes of all-round development of the province. Therefore, the current research is looking for a way to promote tourism in rural areas to achieve sustainable development by spending less money and using local facilities, and to achieve this goal, creative tourism in rural areas has been investigated. According to the above information and the tourism potential of Kermanshah province, especially the target villages for tourism in this region, they can create conditions that attract domestic and foreign travelers and tourists and provide employment. It will raise the area and ultimately boost the business. Finally, this research seeks to answer the question, what is the pattern of creative tourism in the target villages of Kermanshah province, and what dimensions and components does it consist of?Materials and MethodsThe current research is qualitative in terms of paradigm, developmental-applicative in terms of purpose, and exploratory and ground-theoretical in terms of method. The community of the research studied was comprised of experts in creative tourism. Based on this, 23 semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants using purposeful sampling. The data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin’s systematic approach. In order to analyze the data, three types of coding are used, which include open coding (creating concepts and categories), axial coding (identifying the core category, causal conditions, contextual and environmental conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences) and selective coding (creation of theory). In order to measure the validity and comply with the qualitative features of the research, validation, accuracy, and robustness of the data, the four criteria of Lincoln and Goba, such as reliability, transferability and appropriateness, reliability and stability, and verifiability, were used. The reliability of the research was also calculated using Holsti’s coefficient of reliability formula, and 82% was obtained, indicating adequate reliability. ResultsThe results of coding are summarized in Table 1. Table 1. Components of Creative Rural Tourism Development Paradigm Model Categorical clusterMain CategoriesSubcategoriesA central phenomenonDevelopment of creative rural tourismNatural capacitiesAttracting touristsCausal conditionsCommunication between policymakers and practitionersCreating communication circlesFormation of specialized associations Participation of activists and stakeholdersBackground conditionsCultural and social barriersCultural differencesLittle awareness of the hosts about the needs and wants of touristsTourists' lack of awareness of the hosts' cultureCultural barriersIntervening conditionsNot using the Internet and virtual spaceLimited facilitiesNon-use of technologyAbsence of presence in virtual spaceCompeting companiesLack of suitable conditionsStrategiesDevelopment strategiesScientific development of tourismAdvertisingAttention to the interests of touristsAttention to the relative advantages of the regionDevelopment of rural tourism infrastructureCultivationEducationExhibitingConsequencesEconomic, social and cultural developmentIncrease in private sector investmentsMoving income from urban to rural areasPrevent migration to cities.Increase the employment rate.Return to the village (reverse migration)Cultural development and a sense of cooperation in the regionResearch findings. Conclusions Based on the research findings, government planners and private companies should consider creative rural tourism due to its role and importance in increasing employment and sustainable rural development. Therefore, in the tourism target villages of Kermanshah province, by creating suitable infrastructures and providing welfare and recreational services for travelers, conditions can be created that attract domestic and foreign travelers and tourists, increase employment in these areas, and ultimately lead to prosperity. Small and medium businesses in the mentioned areas. In this regard, using the basic theory, the current research investigated the influential factors on the development of creative rural tourism.Summarizing the findings of the qualitative part of the research confirms the fact that by creating communication links between policymakers and the local people of the region, changing the structure of tourism in the region, providing a suitable platform, and identifying tourism capacities in the region and its development in different dimensions (employment, quality of life, preservation of cultural and historical heritage, increase in health level), the ground for creating creative rural tourism in Kermanshah province is provided. However, among these limiting factors are laws and regulations, educational barriers, lack of specialized human resources, organizational and structural barriers, and more Internet and virtual space to advertise and introduce the region to tourists. Strategies and measures that can work in this field include the scientific development of tourism and the use of scientific technology and tools, advertising and introducing the tourist area, creating motivation and paying attention to the interests of tourists, paying attention to the relative advantages of the region, developing rural tourism infrastructure, creating culture, training and holding exhibitions to introduce products. Moreover, the local production of the tourism area, if these measures are realized, the private sector investments will happen in these areas, the result of which is an increase in the employment rate and driving the income to the villages, and a decrease in the migration rate from the village to the city, and an increase Migration is counterproductive and creates cultural development and a sense of cooperation in the region.
tourism management
Ayoub Pazhouhan; Moslem Fallahi
Abstract
Religious tourism, a branch of cultural tourism, can stimulate development, especially in rural areas. This research was conducted to conceptualize a religious tourism development model emphasizing the holy sites of Kermanshah province. The research approach was of qualitative and Grounded Theory type; ...
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Religious tourism, a branch of cultural tourism, can stimulate development, especially in rural areas. This research was conducted to conceptualize a religious tourism development model emphasizing the holy sites of Kermanshah province. The research approach was of qualitative and Grounded Theory type; the research sample comprised experts in the field of religious tourism. Accordingly, 16 semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants using the purposeful sampling method. The four criteria of Lincoln and Guba, including credibility, transferability, reliability, and verifiability, were used to measure the validity and comply with the qualitative research features, validation, accuracy, and robustness of the data. The reliability of the research was also assessed using the test-retest reliability method, with 77% reliability. Strauss and Corbin’s systematic approach analyzed data. Through three open, central, and selective coding procedures, the content analysis results yielded 71 concepts, 14 sub-categories, and six main categories. Finally, the paradigmatic religious tourism development model was presented, in which the development of religious tourism was chosen as the central phenomenon affected by the causal conditions of the research. Contextual and intervening conditions and the central phenomenon formed religious tourism development strategies, and economic, cultural, and social development outcomes were obtained. In the end, practical suggestions were presented for developing religious tourism in Kermanshah province.Introduction"Religious tourism" is one of the oldest forms of tourism and plays an important role in the history of tourism development. Religious tourism includes people who travel for religious or spiritual purposes and visit religious places or participate in religious activities and festivals. In other words, religious tourism refers to all types of trips made with voluntary religious motivation, without pay, and for a limited period.Kermanshah province, with 16,550 sacred places and monuments, is one of the provinces with the potential to attract religious tourists. Despite the potential and attractions that Kermanshah province has in the field of tourism in general and religious tourism in particular, the category of religious tourism in this province should be addressed more. This matter has been neglected from the point of view of the trustees and planners of the matter.This research aims to develop a religious tourism development model with an emphasis on blessed and religious places and locations in Kermanshah province to creat employment and reduce the unemployment rate. So, the current study seeks to answer this question, what kind of model does Kermanshah province has for the development of religious tourism with an emphasis on blessed and religious places?Materials and MethodsThe current research is qualitative in terms of paradigm, developmental-applicative in terms of purpose, and exploratory and ground-theoretical in terms of method. The studied community of the research was made up of experts in the field of religious tourism. Based on this, 16 semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants using the purposeful sampling method. The data were analyzed using the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin. In order to analyze the data, three types of coding were used, which include open coding (creating concepts and categories), axial coding (identifying the core category, causal conditions, contextual and environmental conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences) and selective coding (creation of theory). In order to measure the validity and comply with the qualitative features of the research, validation, accuracy, and robustness of the data, the four criteria of Lincoln and Goba, such as reliability, transferability and appropriateness, reliability and stability, and verifiability, were used. The reliability of the research was also calculated using the test-retest reliability method, and 77% was obtained.ResultsConclusions The resulting Paradigm Model identified welfare and religious attractions as "causal conditions." The mentioned factors are the factors that make the development of religious tourism necessary and inevitable. Religious tourism development strategies include promotional strategies, infrastructural strategies, collaborative strategies, and human resource strategies that are affected by factors such as advertising management and integrated tourism management as "intervening conditions" And "background conditions" such as residents' attitude about the consequences of tourism and residents' attitude towards religious and cultural responsibilities towards pilgrims and tourists. Finally, the development of religious tourism leads to the emergence of "consequences of the development of religious tourism," such as "economic development," such as an increase in rial and foreign exchange income and the prosperity of the tax system, creating job opportunities for the local people of the province, expanding commercial and welfare centers around religious attractions. The province, the prosperity of local industries and products of the province, the employment of women and students on a part-time basis, and the attraction of domestic and foreign capital to the province; and "cultural and social development" such as cultural interaction and expansion of cultural exchanges of the province, strengthening of religious thinking among the local community of the province, awareness of the local community of cultural-religious assets, sense of pride of the local community in cultural-religious assets, strengthening of cultural character and increasing respect pilgrims are given the opportunity to strengthen religious and Islamic culture and rites between guilds and trades, and to revive local-religious traditions and manners. Based on the research findings, somepractical suggestions are presented to develop religious tourism in Kermanshah province
Amir Mohammad Colabi
Abstract
Introduction
The tourism industry is recognized as an asset for economic growth and poverty reduction in developing countries. World Tourism Organization reports show that the tourism industry is a leader in job creation. Many natural, cultural, and historical assets in developing countries create a ...
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Introduction
The tourism industry is recognized as an asset for economic growth and poverty reduction in developing countries. World Tourism Organization reports show that the tourism industry is a leader in job creation. Many natural, cultural, and historical assets in developing countries create a comparative advantage in the tourism industry, hence a potential source of income for emerging economies. Sustainable tourism development is not possible without economic or social activities. The tourism industry is considered not only as the most extensive service industry at the global level but also as an essential job-creating industry. The concept of ecosystem captures the actors that are interdependent and make up the industry. The tourism ecosystem is a powerful tool for understanding the relationship between nature, society, and business. It can create competition and economically stimulate the development of the tourism industry. The tourism ecosystem achieves sustainable development by upgrading existing markets and creating new ones. Therefore, the tourism ecosystem can help achieve the objective of fostering economic and social development of a given geographical area. Attending to the sustainable tourism ecosystem can also bring about the satisfaction of tourists and residents in tourist areas. The development of the tourism industry can lead to economic development and improvement of infrastructure. In this respect, the sustainable tourism ecosystem can play an essential role, paving the way for new opportunities in less developed areas.
Materials and Methods
As a developmental–applied, descriptive, and exploratory research, the present study used a mixed methods research design incorporating both qualitative and quantitative data. Concerning the qualitative aspect, the meta-synthesis approach was used. Then, in the quantitative stage, the Shannon entropy method was employed to determine the coefficients of the identified factors. Hypertext is a method used here to review, synthesize, and evaluate past studies. In other words, the meta-synthesis approach examines the results obtained from other studies, leading to more new results. The data of the present study included the previous researches on the factors affecting sustainable tourism ecosystems. Having applied the purposeful sampling method, the research selected 39 studies as the final set of data. Then, the seven-step method proposed by Sandelowski and Barroso was used for conducting the meta-synthesis.
Results and Discussion
All the factors extracted from the previous studies were coded. Then, the similar items were grouped around one concept. The analysis of the studies finally resulted in 3 code axes, 7 categories, and 37 concepts related to the sustainable tourism ecosystem.
Conclusion
The sustainable tourism ecosystem not only contributes to the economic growth but also strengthens the culture of communities. The tourism ecosystem ensures that future generations have sustainable access to resources and fair opportunities. This study aimed to present a model of the sustainable tourism ecosystem by relying on the meta-synthesis approach. The meta-synthesis of the previous studies resulted in 37 concepts categorized under seven categories, which were grouped into three general categories: business-related factors, external industry-related factors, and industry-related micro-factors. The identified factors, in order of importance, included human capital training, culture, personal characteristics, networking and markets, investment and financing, legislation and policies, and infrastructure. Highlighting the interaction with markets, networking was found to be an essential factor in the sustainable tourism ecosystem. It is thus necessary to pay attention to the needs of stakeholders and involve them in processes. Moreover, the transformation of the traditional economy into a sharing economy has led to value creation and networking. However, it faces wide-ranging challenges, which can be tackled through culture-building and a transparent and cohesive legal framework between relevant institutions. Investing in tourism requires the development of economic infrastructure, the appropriate social conditions, and the improvement of political relations with other countries. To eliminate the barriers necessitates appropriate strategies, such as cooperation with foreign investors and allocation of funds for tourism development. Relying on the meta-synthesis approach and the Shannon entropy method, this research provided an integrated model of the sustainable tourism ecosystem, which is particularly relevant for the subject under study and the concepts extracted.
Ahmad Pourahmad; Rahmatollah Farhudi; saeed zangeneh shahraki; Tahoura Shafaat Gharamaleki
Abstract
Introduction The city is a familiar word that brings movement with itself. This endeavor follows a path that is sometimes growing and sometimes declining. The historical texture includes many spiritual, symbolic, and aesthetic dimensions, which at the same time represent areas that contain evidence of ...
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Introduction The city is a familiar word that brings movement with itself. This endeavor follows a path that is sometimes growing and sometimes declining. The historical texture includes many spiritual, symbolic, and aesthetic dimensions, which at the same time represent areas that contain evidence of urban civilization because it reflects the identity of the city. Urban regeneration is an interdisciplinary approach and comprehensive and integrated measures to develop and improve economic, physical, social, and environmental sustainability in the conditions of residents. It has long-term and strategic goals to regenerate the city. There are different approaches to creating sustainable regeneration in cities. An approach can create sustainability for the city that can advance modernization in physical dimensions and lead to the sustainable economic, social, and cultural-identity performance of the texture. Regeneration with a tourism development approach can lead to tissue sustainability. Historical textures of cities, which are hidden treasures, sometimes become the lifeblood of cities and a problem for them. Consider integrated. The purpose of this study is to "evaluate the tourism capabilities of historical textures to regenerate in the city of Tabriz," and, to achieve this goal, we seek to answer the question, "What is the status of tourism capabilities in the historical texture of Tabriz to regenerate?" Materials and Methods The type of research in this article is applied, and its study method is descriptive-analytical. The field of research is the historical texture of Tabriz, and the statistical population is tourists of the historical texture of Tabriz. The questionnaire of tourists in three socio-cultural, physical, and environmental dimensions with 30 items was prepared to evaluate the research. The number of questionnaires for tourists is 384. In order to increase the accuracy, 390 questionnaires were distributed among tourists entering the tourist areas of the historical texture of Tabriz (museums, parks, hotels, etc.). Questionnaires were prepared with a 5-point Likert scale. The results were analyzed by SPSS software using the Chi-square test. Discussion and Results In examining the independent characteristics of the study population concerning the subject, the distribution of tourists by gender includes 49.74% of men and 50.26% of women. The distribution of tourists by age indicates that young people are the most visitors to the historical texture of Tabriz. The distribution of tourists by job in the three groups of freelance, employee, and student has been a balanced distribution. The highest percentage of tourists in the historical texture were tourists aiming for leisure and recreational travel with 56.41%. The situation of tourism in the historical texture of Tabriz in socio-cultural, physical, and environmental dimensions is as follows: 1) Socio-cultural dimension: More than half of the respondents (90.5%) have chosen 'many' and 'very many' options and the tourism capabilities of the historical texture of Tabriz in order to regenerate the socio-cultural dimension from the perspective of tourists is in good condition; 2) Physical dimension: More than half of the respondents (96.2%) have chosen ‘medium’ to ‘very large’ options and the capabilities of the historical texture of Tabriz for tourism in order to regenerate the physical dimension are relatively favorable for tourists; 3) Environmental dimension: More than half of the respondents (95.1%) have chosen ‘medium’ to ‘very large’ options and the capabilities of the historical texture of Tabriz for tourism in order to regenerate the environmental dimension from their point of view is relatively favorable. Conclusions The results indicate that the tourism capabilities of the historical texture of Tabriz so as to regenerate the socio-cultural dimension to the desired level, in the environmental and physical dimension to a relatively desirable level. For this purpose, for the development of tourism in order to regenerate the historical texture of Tabriz, physical and environmental strategies and policies should be given priority. If the development of tourism is purposeful, it will cause regeneration in the historical texture of Tabriz. Due to the existence of many historical attractions in the historical texture of Tabriz and the potential to attract tourists, in fact, strengthening and reviving tourism centers can be the driving force of urban regeneration in this area. If the development of tourism is not purposeful, it will destroy the structure of the texture, congestion, and traffic will cause hardship to the residents.
Mir Mohamad Asadi; Seyed Habibolah Mirghafoori; Jamileh Ghasemloi Soltanabad
Abstract
The tourism industry is one of the most important phenomena in the current century, which, in the near future, could be the first and most important industry in the world. Influencing economy, this industry is an important factor to promote social and cultural purposes. Considering Iran’s main ...
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The tourism industry is one of the most important phenomena in the current century, which, in the near future, could be the first and most important industry in the world. Influencing economy, this industry is an important factor to promote social and cultural purposes. Considering Iran’s main economic problem, namely the reduction of oil revenues and reliance on the resistive economy, a comparison can be made among Iran, Turkey, and Malaysia. The present study in terms of purpose is applied-descriptive research and from the prospect of type is surveys, and the statistical population was expert_ university professors, tourism organization members, and agency managers; the method used for analyzing data was FCM (Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping). Based on the final model, the most influencing and influenced factors were as follows: Formulating a National tourism development plan in Iran, increasing capital and investment security in the tourism industry, improving international relations, recovering tourism infrastructures, developing domestic tourism, turning the structure of tourism organization into a ministry.
ahmad roumiani; Hamid Shayan; Sojasi Qeidari Hamdollah; Mohammad Reza Rezvani
Abstract
The experiences of past decades in countries around the world show that attention to the tourism sector is one of the most important economic and communication sectors of governments. Governments have implemented various policies to promote tourism and its sub-sectors at national, regional and local ...
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The experiences of past decades in countries around the world show that attention to the tourism sector is one of the most important economic and communication sectors of governments. Governments have implemented various policies to promote tourism and its sub-sectors at national, regional and local levels. The purpose of this study is a comparative analysis of Iranian Tourism Spatial Planning with Turkey, Serbia, and Portugal to use their experiences to reduce weaknesses and improve tourism development including rural tourism. This is fundamental research and the method used in this study is a comparative qualitative analysis based on the content analysis method. Library studies (documents) were used for data gathering. The research findings show that Turkey, Serbia, and Portugal succeed in spatial tourism planning by adapting programs and building convergence and partnerships between the spatial planning department at different national, regional and local (rural) levels. Tourism development has taken the lead - facilitating role, and taking strategic roles into account by empowering states in their legal plans and policies for tourism development. But at the national level, Iran is having problems because of the attitude and thinking of centralized planning and a partial attitude to the plans. At the regional level, there are problems such as lack of independence and the legal and political authority of regional managers in tourism programs. At the local level, there are problems (such as lack of legal authority to the local representative and lack of strategic participation) in the spatial planning of rural tourism destinations. One of the applications of this study is comparing the strength of the countries under study with Iran and then utilize all social resources, including human, economic and spatial and environmental resources. This approach helps to constitute a regional planning subdivision within a network of rural tourism destinations. And make vertical allocations in the field of tourism development to horizontal activities, which are an incentive for attracting tourists, managing and optimizing the implementation of the Rural Tourism Development Plan. On this basis, by orienting toward sustainable rural development, rural tourism can underpin regional development and form the indigenous and community-based tourism.
Seyed Morteza Hatefi; Nazanin Koohi Habibi; Elham Abdollahi
Abstract
Prioritizing tourism poles can be a benchmark for centralizing as well as determining tourist attractions and moderating inequality between regions and is a step in formulating a tourism development plan. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and prioritize tourism centers based on integrated fuzzy ...
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Prioritizing tourism poles can be a benchmark for centralizing as well as determining tourist attractions and moderating inequality between regions and is a step in formulating a tourism development plan. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and prioritize tourism centers based on integrated fuzzy Shannon’s entropy model and fuzzy additive ratio assessment (ARAS) method. For this purpose, first, the indicators affecting the development of tourism centers in the three areas of natural-ecological, spatial-physical-service, and socio-economic are identified using the literature and expert’s opinions. After collecting the data in the form of triangular fuzzy numbers, the importance and weight of each criterion in the development of tourism centers are identified by the fuzzy Shannon’s entropy method. Then, using the fuzzy ARAS method, tourism centers are evaluated and prioritized and those with the most potential for investment are identified.
Amir Saberi; , Jamila Takkali Nia,; Mohammad Taghi Razavian
Abstract
Evaluation of Integrated Management Capacity for Tourism Development in KashanAbstractDevelopment of the tourism industry as one of the major economic activities of developed and developing countries has led planners to pay attention to the development of tourism activities to assess the integrated management ...
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Evaluation of Integrated Management Capacity for Tourism Development in KashanAbstractDevelopment of the tourism industry as one of the major economic activities of developed and developing countries has led planners to pay attention to the development of tourism activities to assess the integrated management capacity for tourism development in the city of Kashan. This study was conducted using descriptive-analytic methods and using a questionnaire and statistical analysis to assess the integrated management capacity for tourism development in Kashan. The statistical population of this study is 337 people. In this study, spss21 and Excel2013 software was used to analyze to examine the adequacy of sampling of meaningful numbers. These numbers for the tourism boom are 0.527, tourism development is 0.665 and for integration "Keywords: Integrated Management, Tourism Development, Sustainable Development.
parviz mohamadzadeh; saeedeh samadzad
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the key factors affecting the image formation of Tabriz city from the viewpoint of the local tourists who visited Tabriz. The main tool for collecting information is a questionnaire. To this end, 384 questionnaires were distributed by simple random sampling ...
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The purpose of this research is to investigate the key factors affecting the image formation of Tabriz city from the viewpoint of the local tourists who visited Tabriz. The main tool for collecting information is a questionnaire. To this end, 384 questionnaires were distributed by simple random sampling method in summer 2016. For analyzing the data, structural equation modeling and Friedman rank test were used. The research findings show that the priority of the components forming the image of Tabriz city is urban infrastructure, tourist attractions, events and occasions, and economy and trade respectively. Therefore, as the urban infrastructure is considered the most effective factor in shaping the image of Tabriz, the promotion of infrastructure, standards, and quality of services and tourism facilities should always be considered by officials and urban planners
Nahid Amrollahi Biuki; Azam Nazari Dehaghi
Volume 10, Issue 31 , September 2015, , Pages 103-131
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to investigate and explain the effects that Isfahandomestic tourists’ image would have on tourism development of the city. The studypopulation is a group of tourists who have experience of travelling to Isfahan. As thepopulation of the study is unlimited, the sample ...
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The main purpose of this study is to investigate and explain the effects that Isfahandomestic tourists’ image would have on tourism development of the city. The studypopulation is a group of tourists who have experience of travelling to Isfahan. As thepopulation of the study is unlimited, the sample size has been determined based onthe method of Cochran's sample size determination, and a sample of 384(convenient) was selected. In order to collect data, a questionnaire was appliedusing Likert scale (five choices). For the validity, formal questionnaire was used andreliability was calculated for each variable by calculating Cronbach's alphacoefficients.Structural Equation Modeling was applied for collected data analysis andconceptual model evaluation. Then, Model fitting and required analysis were doneby using AMOS software. Finally, designed theoretical pattern were fitted bymodifying conceptual model. Therefore, it can be stated that individualcharacteristics have positive and significant effects on tourists’ behavior, tourismachievements and tourism development, due to tourist’s image
mohammad ali feyz pour; mehdi emami mobidi
Volume 7, Issue 19 , November 2012, , Pages 139-177
Abstract
Although tourism in today’s world is one of the prominent industries in respect to income generation, the facts reveal that countries fail to earn from it in proportion to their tourism attractions. In other words, there seems no meaningful correlation between dispersion of attractions in the countries ...
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Although tourism in today’s world is one of the prominent industries in respect to income generation, the facts reveal that countries fail to earn from it in proportion to their tourism attractions. In other words, there seems no meaningful correlation between dispersion of attractions in the countries and their income from tourism. As an example, although tourism attractions place Iran on the top-10 list, the country is situated among the least-earning in respect of tourism income. However, according to the planned vision, attaining the top economic position in the region is depicted for Iran in 2025. Now a question is to be answered that considering economic criteria, what is the country’s level of tourism development compared to its neighbors. We attempt to answer this question in the current study. To measure this, five indicators are used, including total contribution to employment, inbound tourism expenditure, government-specific expenditure, capital investment, and business travel and tourism expenditure. TOPSIS is used to integrate the aforesaid indicators. Results manifest that in the year 2000, Iran ranked 5 th in the region, while it fell to 13th place in 2005. Although it moved two levels up in ranking in 2010 to reach the 11 th, there is still a long way to achieve the first position in the region in such a short time (until 2025).
