Tourism planning
Ghasem Zarei; SeyedAli Naghavi
Abstract
Adequate comprehension of the challenges and influential elements of the religious tourism sector is necessary for its positive development. In this regard, the present research was conducted to present a model that can simulate the development of religious tourism in Yazd province by considering the ...
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Adequate comprehension of the challenges and influential elements of the religious tourism sector is necessary for its positive development. In this regard, the present research was conducted to present a model that can simulate the development of religious tourism in Yazd province by considering the influential factors. A mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) was carried out in this study, and the research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. The statistical population of this research included 12 theoretical and experimental experts. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data with non-random and purposeful sampling. In the qualitative section, the main and sub-categories of religious tourism development in Yazd province were identified using the thematic analysis method. Then, in the quantitative part, the identified influential factors were prioritized using the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) method. Finally, the criteria obtained from the qualitative research analysis were simulated using the agent-based modeling (ABM) method. Based on the research results, 35 initial codes, 12 sub-themes, and six main themes (religious tourism policies, economic, infrastructure, environmental empowerment, marketing, and cultural) were identified. Religious tourism policies were recognized as the most influential factor. Also, the results showed that at the end of the simulation period, the rate of religious tourism development in Yazd Province had reached 70%. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that tourism managers give particular attention to the influential factors that have been identified as having a significant impact on the development of religious tourism.IntroductionTourism is one of the most significant social and economic phenomena of the modern era, a valuable instrument for achieving development. Religious tourism is among the oldest forms of tourism and the largest market segment for travel. Today, this type of tourism has been able to place itself in the context of global tourism due to its unique structural and functional features, so its sphere of influence covers the whole world (Ghaffari et al., 2022). The vast country of Iran also has blessed places, shrines, and many holy places, which has made it favorable for the development of religious tourism. For this reason, knowing the capacities of the country's provinces is one of the most important influencing factors, among which is Yazd Province, which also has excellent potential for developing religious tourism. Therefore, according to the explanations presented above, this research aims to present a model that can simulate the development of religious tourism in Yazd Province by considering critical factors with a future research approach so that it can play a positive role in helping managers develop religious tourism.Literature ReviewOne of the main types of tourism created to travel to religious locations and fulfill religious obligations is religious tourism (Jamshidi et al., 2019). Religious tourism can be considered the most sustainable type of tourism because pilgrimage and religious tourism have their roots in religious beliefs, and in its specialized sense and beyond dependence on time and leisure, it is an essential factor of human geography in shaping travel, creating concentration and numerous cultural perspectives (Sharma et al., 2023).MethodologyThe current applied study employed a mixed methodology, combining qualitative and quantitative methods with a descriptive-analytical focus regarding the nature of the research. Managers of religious tourism and university faculty members made up the statistical population for this study. Due to the high number of experts in this field and the possibility of not knowing all theoretical experts (university faculty members) and practical experts (tourism managers) by the researcher, sampling by snowball method was continued until reaching theoretical saturation (N=12). Interviews and questionnaires were used to collect research data. The steps of this research are as follows:In the first step, the thematic analysis method, one of the qualitative methods, was used to identify the factors affecting the development of religious tourism in Yazd Province. In the second step, the ISM method was used to prioritize (level) the factors. In the third step, the development of religious tourism in Yazd Province was simulated.In the qualitative part of the research, the validity of the interview using the Q-sort method and its reliability using Cohen’s Kappa index were checked and confirmed. In the quantitative part of the research, the validity of the questionnaires using the relative content validity method and its reliability based on the test-retest method was evaluated and confirmed. Also, experts’ opinions were obtained during face-to-face interviews to check the validity of the Agent-Based Model.ResultsBased on the research results, 35 initial codes, 12 sub-themes, and six main themes were identified. Due to having the highest driving power and the lowest dependence power, the factor of religious tourism policies was placed in the fifth level of the ISM. It was recognized as the most influential factor. Also, the results showed that at the end of the simulation period, the rate of religious tourism development in Yazd Province was 70%.DiscussionAlthough with different degrees, all six factors are essential for the development of religious tourism, and their prioritization was only due to greater understanding and recognition of more influential factors. The results showed that at the end of the simulation period, the rate of religious tourism development in Yazd Province was 70%. Therefore, applying the discussed factors can influence the growth of tourism development and be used in the policies and actions of the relevant managers. In line with the results of the religious tourism development simulation, as a general policy, the managers of tourism organizations in Yazd Province should implement the current research model. In this way, the research model is implemented in a specific period, and its ability to improve the effectiveness of religious tourism development is measured if, in practice, the research model leads to development in future periods.ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that managers of religious tourism should incorporate the factors identified into their development plans and plan the long-term horizons of religious tourism around these factors. It is essential to remember that merely incorporating these elements into the plans for development is unlikely to result in complete development; as such, it is imperative to address this problem from a fundamental standpoint and consider other significant influencing factors that are occasionally external to the current system.
Tourism planning
Fatemeh Shekari
Abstract
Although the research on religious tourism experiences has increased in recent years, and given that most of the studies have been focused on the spiritual aspect of these experiences, there still needs to be more knowledge about the multiple attributes of religious tourists’ experiences. Therefore, ...
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Although the research on religious tourism experiences has increased in recent years, and given that most of the studies have been focused on the spiritual aspect of these experiences, there still needs to be more knowledge about the multiple attributes of religious tourists’ experiences. Therefore, the current study aims to provide an “integrated and multifaceted conceptual framework of religious tourists’ experiences” using a systematic literature review and deductive thematic analysis. The search was conducted on June 12, 2023. The PRISMA procedure identified fifty-three relevant articles ranging from 2006 to 2022. Based on the findings, the multifaceted religious tourists’ experiences can include cognitive, emotional, physical, relational, recovery, spiritual, transformative, and behavioral facets. The findings can extend the literature and benefit managers, planners, and destination marketing organizations in designing religious tourism experiences to enhance visitors’ satisfaction and destination competitiveness.Introduction In the 21st century, religious tourism and pilgrimages are critical components of the travel and tourism market (Albayrak et al., 2018). Bibliometric studies reveal the exponential growth of religious tourism studies in the last decade. Due to religious tourism’s benefits, destinations need to understand religious tourists' experiences to enhance destination competitiveness and attract these tourists. However, religious tourism experience is an emerging topic in the literature (Collins-Kreiner, 2020), and scant studies have been conducted on this topic (Bond et al., 2015). Also, most of the research has focused on the spiritual aspect and ignored other aspects to a large extent. Meanwhile, managers of religious sites should offer a holistic experience that embraces spiritual and non-spiritual complementary aspects (Durán-Sánchez et al., 2018). Considering the importance of understanding the religious tourists' experience and the inadequate studies in this field, especially the lack of comprehensive frameworks that include multiple aspects of the religious tourists’ experiences (Kim et al., 2020), the present study has systematically reviewed the literature to provide an “integrated, multifaceted religious tourism experience conceptual framework” and extends literature in this field.Materials nd MethodsThe present research employed a systematic literature review. Scopus was chosen as the database as it is the largest multidisciplinary database in social sciences (Aria et al., 2020). Also, compared to the Web of Science, it has a broader coverage of tourism journals (Lin & Rasoolimanesh, 2022). The search was conducted on June 12, 2023. The PRISMA procedure identified fifty-three relevant articles ranging from 2006 to 2022. The deductive thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) was done to determine the aspects and components of the religious tourists’ experience based on the “orchestra model” (Pearce & Mohammadi, 2021) and the “multifaceted conceptual framework of tourist experience” (Packer & Ballantyne, 2016).Discussion and ResultsBased on the findings, the “integrated, multifaceted framework of religious tourists’ experiences” includes cognitive, affective, physical, relational, restorative, spiritual, transformative, and behavioral facets, each includes the following aspects:Cognitive: reflection, learning or discovering, perceived authenticity, perception of setting attributes, mental engagement, and rememberingAffective: joy, awe or wonder, attachment, hope, pride, discontentPhysical: sensory engagement, bodily engagement, or challengeRelational: social interaction and sharing, communitasRestorative: peacefulness or relaxation, escape, nourishment, freedomSpiritual: spiritual connection, religiousness or closeness to God or sacred people, communion with nature, purificationTransformative: self-growth or fulfillment, liminality or flow, identity constructionBehavioral: religious site or ritual-specific (religious), non-religious (touristic) ConclusionsTheoretically, this research attempted to provide a multifaceted perspective of the religious tourists’ experience, employing a systematic literature review. Therefore, it has presented the most recent overview of the topic and identified the theories used, methodologies, study context, and experience attributes. By providing an “integrated, multifaceted conceptual framework of the religious tourist experience,” the present study contributes to extending the literature. This research used the existing frameworks to categorize the attributes of experience. It also added new facets and components. Three facets, namely restorative, spiritual, and transformative, can be added to the “orchestra model of tourist experience” (Pearce & Mohammadi, 2021). Also, the religious tourism-related components of communitas (relational), hope (affective), religiousness or closeness to God or sacred people, communion with nature, purification (spiritual), and liminality or flow (transformative) were added. Other components were also included that may be helpful to describe more general tourism experiences: perceived authenticity and mental engagement (cognitive), self-expression and social acceptance (relational), and identity construction (transformative). This framework needs to be more comprehensive, and future research may add other facets and components. The findings can extend the literature and benefit managers, planners, and destination marketing organizations in designing religious tourism experiences to enhance visitors' satisfaction and destination competitiveness. Finally, study limitations and future research directions are proposed, including cross-cultural studies to compare results and enhance the generalizability of the findings, examining the proposed framework in various religious destinations contexts, paying more attention to Muslim religious tourists’ experiences, considering the role of information and communication technologies, and investigating the interactions of the framework components.
tourism management
Ayoub Pazhouhan; Moslem Fallahi
Abstract
Religious tourism, a branch of cultural tourism, can stimulate development, especially in rural areas. This research was conducted to conceptualize a religious tourism development model emphasizing the holy sites of Kermanshah province. The research approach was of qualitative and Grounded Theory type; ...
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Religious tourism, a branch of cultural tourism, can stimulate development, especially in rural areas. This research was conducted to conceptualize a religious tourism development model emphasizing the holy sites of Kermanshah province. The research approach was of qualitative and Grounded Theory type; the research sample comprised experts in the field of religious tourism. Accordingly, 16 semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants using the purposeful sampling method. The four criteria of Lincoln and Guba, including credibility, transferability, reliability, and verifiability, were used to measure the validity and comply with the qualitative research features, validation, accuracy, and robustness of the data. The reliability of the research was also assessed using the test-retest reliability method, with 77% reliability. Strauss and Corbin’s systematic approach analyzed data. Through three open, central, and selective coding procedures, the content analysis results yielded 71 concepts, 14 sub-categories, and six main categories. Finally, the paradigmatic religious tourism development model was presented, in which the development of religious tourism was chosen as the central phenomenon affected by the causal conditions of the research. Contextual and intervening conditions and the central phenomenon formed religious tourism development strategies, and economic, cultural, and social development outcomes were obtained. In the end, practical suggestions were presented for developing religious tourism in Kermanshah province.Introduction"Religious tourism" is one of the oldest forms of tourism and plays an important role in the history of tourism development. Religious tourism includes people who travel for religious or spiritual purposes and visit religious places or participate in religious activities and festivals. In other words, religious tourism refers to all types of trips made with voluntary religious motivation, without pay, and for a limited period.Kermanshah province, with 16,550 sacred places and monuments, is one of the provinces with the potential to attract religious tourists. Despite the potential and attractions that Kermanshah province has in the field of tourism in general and religious tourism in particular, the category of religious tourism in this province should be addressed more. This matter has been neglected from the point of view of the trustees and planners of the matter.This research aims to develop a religious tourism development model with an emphasis on blessed and religious places and locations in Kermanshah province to creat employment and reduce the unemployment rate. So, the current study seeks to answer this question, what kind of model does Kermanshah province has for the development of religious tourism with an emphasis on blessed and religious places?Materials and MethodsThe current research is qualitative in terms of paradigm, developmental-applicative in terms of purpose, and exploratory and ground-theoretical in terms of method. The studied community of the research was made up of experts in the field of religious tourism. Based on this, 16 semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants using the purposeful sampling method. The data were analyzed using the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin. In order to analyze the data, three types of coding were used, which include open coding (creating concepts and categories), axial coding (identifying the core category, causal conditions, contextual and environmental conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences) and selective coding (creation of theory). In order to measure the validity and comply with the qualitative features of the research, validation, accuracy, and robustness of the data, the four criteria of Lincoln and Goba, such as reliability, transferability and appropriateness, reliability and stability, and verifiability, were used. The reliability of the research was also calculated using the test-retest reliability method, and 77% was obtained.ResultsConclusions The resulting Paradigm Model identified welfare and religious attractions as "causal conditions." The mentioned factors are the factors that make the development of religious tourism necessary and inevitable. Religious tourism development strategies include promotional strategies, infrastructural strategies, collaborative strategies, and human resource strategies that are affected by factors such as advertising management and integrated tourism management as "intervening conditions" And "background conditions" such as residents' attitude about the consequences of tourism and residents' attitude towards religious and cultural responsibilities towards pilgrims and tourists. Finally, the development of religious tourism leads to the emergence of "consequences of the development of religious tourism," such as "economic development," such as an increase in rial and foreign exchange income and the prosperity of the tax system, creating job opportunities for the local people of the province, expanding commercial and welfare centers around religious attractions. The province, the prosperity of local industries and products of the province, the employment of women and students on a part-time basis, and the attraction of domestic and foreign capital to the province; and "cultural and social development" such as cultural interaction and expansion of cultural exchanges of the province, strengthening of religious thinking among the local community of the province, awareness of the local community of cultural-religious assets, sense of pride of the local community in cultural-religious assets, strengthening of cultural character and increasing respect pilgrims are given the opportunity to strengthen religious and Islamic culture and rites between guilds and trades, and to revive local-religious traditions and manners. Based on the research findings, somepractical suggestions are presented to develop religious tourism in Kermanshah province
Mostafa Esmaeili Mahyari; Hamid reza Irani; Vahid Noormandipour
Abstract
Given that religious tourism has become a topic of interest not only among religious followers and pilgrims but also among ordinary tourists, researchers in this field have taken notice. The aim of this study is to examine the global trend of research on religious tourism, as well as the current and ...
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Given that religious tourism has become a topic of interest not only among religious followers and pilgrims but also among ordinary tourists, researchers in this field have taken notice. The aim of this study is to examine the global trend of research on religious tourism, as well as the current and future research directions in this area. To this end, a review of existing literature on religious tourism was conducted using bibliometric and visualization methods. After applying input and output criteria, a total of 412 articles were extracted from the Web of Science database and analyzed using VOS viewer software. The findings indicate an upward quantitative trend in publication and citation rates, with the highest number of published papers occurring in 2021 and the highest number of citations in 2022. Additionally, descriptive data revealed the most frequently cited articles, researchers, journals, and universities. Analysis of keyword co-occurrence demonstrated that the most commonly occurring words included religious tourism, pilgrimage, tourism, and spiritual tourism. Findings also indicate that much of the research in this field has focused on conceptualizing and distinguishing between religious and pilgrimage tourism and understanding travelers' motivations in a religious context. Moving forward, future studies in this area should consider experiential marketing and tourist experience, as well as Service-Dominant Logic and value co-creation theories.IntroductionUndoubtedly, religious tourism has become a significant area in tourism sector. In contemporary times, tourists visit religious sites not only for spiritual reasons but also in pursuit of cultural and historical significance (Kim et al., 2020; Romanelli et al., 2021). Notably, within religious and pilgrimage tourism, both spiritual and non-spiritual elements coexist, making it arduous to differentiate between the two (Griffin, 2007). While pilgrimage tourism involves performing religious rituals in sacred places with the primary intention of worship, religious tourism does not necessarily require adherence to specific religious beliefs or practices (Kujawa, 2017). In addition to tourism activists, academics have also shown interest in this type of tourism, and many articles, books, and articles have been published related to this topic. In spite of that, to date, no bibliometric investigation has been conducted on religious tourism. Therefore, this research aims to undertake a bibliometric review of religious tourism to ascertain past and future research trends and identify areas requiring further exploration. Materials and MethodsThe present research is characterized as a descriptive-analytical study that utilizes bibliometric analysis to examine a specific research field. The use of bibliometric analysis as a quantitative method in this research is well-established in academic literature and enables scholars to gain valuable insights into various aspects of a research field. The choice of the Web of Science database was made due to its established reputation as a reliable and standardized source for bibliometric analysis. After applying filters and selecting appropriate keywords, a total number of 412 articles were identified and subjected to further analysis. In this regard, the complete bibliometric information of these studies, including their title, abstract, organizational affiliation, and sources, were extracted from the database and subsequently analyzed using VOS Viewer software. This methodology aims to identify the structures and trends within the specified research topic, thereby enhancing our understanding of the subject matter.Discussion and ResultsThe results of the investigation indicate an upward trend in the quantitative publication and citation rates of religious tourism research. The year 2021 had the highest number of publications, with 52 studies, while the peak for citations was observed in 2022, with 967 citations. Moreover, the most highly cited article, author, journal, country, and university were identified. Accordingly, "Forms of Religious Tourism" recognized as the most cited article, "Rinschede, G" recognized as the most cited author, "Annals of Tourism Research" recognized as the most cited journal, "Australia" recognized as the most cited country and "University of Haifa" recognized as the most cited university in this field. After conducting a co-authorship analysis, the study was able to identify eight clusters of active countries that have contributed significantly to knowledge production in the field of religious tourism research. This analysis provides valuable insights into the collaborative networks and patterns of international cooperation among researchers working on religious tourism. Furthermore, the keyword co-occurrence analysis revealed that "Pilgrimage," "Tourism," and "Spiritual tourism" were the most commonly used terms in religious tourism research.ConclusionsThe increase in the number of articles and citations pertaining to religious tourism signifies its growing importance as an academic field and highlights the attention it has garnered from researchers. Among the topics that have recently received attention in this field, the experience of religious tourists and pilgrims is one such area that is still in its nascent stages, as corroborated by the Keywords Co-occurrence analysis. Previous studies have primarily focused on the trip experience, whereas a comprehensive understanding of the tourist's experience necessitates an examination of all three phases, namely before, during, and after the trip. This highlights the dynamic nature of the tourist experience. By comparing developments in tourism research with those in religious tourism, research gaps can be identified. Experiential marketing and Service-dominant logic-related theories are areas that require further exploration in religious tourism, as they have yet to receive much attention in this field.
Fatemeh Zargaran Khouzani; Atieh Shahjafari; Mohammad Hamid Mollaei
Abstract
Introduction
Tourism and religion have always been inextricably linked, with religion as one of the most common travel motives. One of the oldest forms of travel in the world, the religiously motivated travel is currently considered an emerging part of the tourism industry. Although tourism has become ...
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Introduction
Tourism and religion have always been inextricably linked, with religion as one of the most common travel motives. One of the oldest forms of travel in the world, the religiously motivated travel is currently considered an emerging part of the tourism industry. Although tourism has become popular in religious places around the world, there are few studies on the mental patterns of the tourists experiencing the religious travel. Given the fact that tourists usually tend to interpret what they experience at the destination and pass it on to others, it is important to devote serious attention to the tourist experiences.
Materials and Methods
As an applied and descriptive research, this study was conducted to identify the mental patterns of the tourists visiting the religious tourism destinations in Mashhad. Q-methodology was used to identify the mental patterns in the statistical population of the tourists who had the experience of traveling to the holy city of Mashhad at least once. Relying on the purposeful sampling method, the study selected 25 participants for data collection. The data was analyzed by Q factor analysis with SPSS 22.0 Software.
Results and Discussion
The analysis resulted in a typology which consists of seven mental patterns concerning the meaning of religious tourism. They are: 1) spiritualists, 2) pacifists, 3) affiliationists, 4) liberationists, 5) seekers, 6) subjectivists, and 7) empiricists. For spiritualists, getting closer to God and realizing spirituality were found to be the most important motivations to travel to religious destinations. Seeking to get rid of daily life’s grind and pressures, pacifists hope that religious trips will help them attain the peace that does not exist in the normal life. The priority given to the religious tourism by pacifists is understood given the fact relaxation is an important dimension of religious tourism. Affiliationists, or those who seek a sense of belonging, were found to be interested in communicating everywhere, often traveling with friends and family—and religious tourism is no exception. These tourists do not get upset by the crowds or the long queues to see and receive something. However, the overcrowding is desirable as long as it does not distract them from the main issue of pilgrimage or tourism in religious areas. Liberationists are similar to pacifists, except that they prefer to avoid stress by engaging in things other than religious pursuits. Therefore, liberationists certainly have no religious motive. Motivated by their religious journey, seekers search for real knowledge and information about topics and things they already know. Subjectivists look for everything, be it peace, get-togethers, or communication. Therefore, they will probably need more time to achieve all their goals in the tourist destination. Finally, empiricists were found to be looking for new tourist experiences, or anything that brings them an enjoyable experience.
Conclusion
The study went on to interpret the identified mental patterns. Spiritualists searching for closeness to God and pacifists in search of avoiding the stress of daily life were the most frequent mental patterns observed among the tourists with the experience of religious tourism. Moreover, it was found that the number of empiricists, who are looking for engaging experiences in tourist destinations, is also growing. The innovation of this research lies in its attempt at the classification of tourists and the religious tourism market based on mental patterns, which can be used to develop tourism programs. The mental patterns identified in this study can be used as the basis for the development of religious tourism and the formulation of strategies for marketing religious tourism. Concerning the needs of religious tourism places, advertising is of utmost importance as it plays an essential role in getting tourists to choose religious tourism. The analysis and findings of the research are limited to the mental patterns of the participants and the creation of the Q category. It is suggested that future research use in-depth interviews to achieve a more accurate understanding of the topic. The descriptive and survey research design can also be fruitful to investigate the identified patterns. Another direction for future research is to use Q-methodology for other types of religious tourism.
Mehdi Gharakhlou; Mostafa tavakoli naghmeh Tavakoli naghmeh; Alireza Garousi
Abstract
Today, the tourism industry has been considered as one of the important sources of income in the global economy. Religious tourism is one of the divisions of the tourism industry in which the Muslim world especially in Iran is important. Qom- a city with religious, cultural, historical, and natural capabilities- ...
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Today, the tourism industry has been considered as one of the important sources of income in the global economy. Religious tourism is one of the divisions of the tourism industry in which the Muslim world especially in Iran is important. Qom- a city with religious, cultural, historical, and natural capabilities- as the Incarnational Religious Base of Shiism known as one of the most important pilgrimage centers in the Muslim world. Every year, many tourists from inside and outside the country travel to this city. Due to the religious importance of this city, the most important part of the pilgrims of this city is religious tourists. A high volume of tourists requires proper infrastructure and facilities for settling, accommodating, and spending leisure time. The present research according to purpose is applied one, in terms of the method is descriptive, and data have been collected based on desk resources. to identify the appropriate areas for the construction of leisure and recreational camps and respond to the needs of pilgrims and tourists in this city, Firstly, criteria and sub-criteria weighting is done by using the hierarchy model; finally, appropriate areas, area 3, 2, 8, and 4, at the regional level are introduced by using GIS
Kobra Bakhshizadeh Borj; Nasrin Javanshir Giv
Abstract
Religious tourism was one of the oldest and most popular types of tourism in the world and the holy city of Mashhad is the most important religious tourism hub in Iran due to the holy shrine of Imam Reza. Therefore, with the aim of deep understanding of the religious tourism brand of Mashhad, through ...
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Religious tourism was one of the oldest and most popular types of tourism in the world and the holy city of Mashhad is the most important religious tourism hub in Iran due to the holy shrine of Imam Reza. Therefore, with the aim of deep understanding of the religious tourism brand of Mashhad, through the cognitive approach and interview-centric approach of the ZMET technique, the cognitive structures of tourists in Mashhad were examined and analyzed to extract the mental map of tourists towards the city of Mashhad. In this regard, 11 students of Allameh Tabatabai University who traveled to Mashhad and had a high level of mental conflict with this city were interviewed. 22 constructs were integrated into the consensus map. The constructs of "Imam Reza Shrine", "Tourist City", "Religious City", "Shopping Centers", "Recreation Centers" and "Hotel" were the main and basic constructs. The most frequent basic construct that had the most contact with the Mashhad brand was the Imam Reza shrine, which was associated with a "feeling of peace" in people. Among the negative construct about the Mashhad brand were "lack of sea" and "extortion and selling counterfeit goods", which were related to the basic constructs of the tourist city and shopping centers, respectively.
Mohammad Javad Jamshidi; Nasser Barak Pour; Khalil Kalantari
Abstract
Excessive attention to the potentials of religious tourism in Mashhad has led to the unbalanced distribution of tourism services. The goal of the present research is to investigate the effects of the political economy of Mashhad religious tourism on the unbalanced distribution of tourism services. In ...
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Excessive attention to the potentials of religious tourism in Mashhad has led to the unbalanced distribution of tourism services. The goal of the present research is to investigate the effects of the political economy of Mashhad religious tourism on the unbalanced distribution of tourism services. In order to achieve this goal, the unbalanced distribution of tourism services in Mashhad is firstly explained based on the Mashhad urban database. Then, by interviewing people familiar with the political economy of Mashhad, the effects of religious tourism's political economy on the uneven distribution of tourism services are explained. The findings of the study indicate the role of religious tourism actors and the political economy conditions prevailing in religious tourism in intensifying the focus of tourism services around the holy shrine of Razavi. Of the most important research strategies, the establishment of integrated tourism management, the preparation of a comprehensive urban tourism plan in Mashhad and the promotion of the level of participation of private sector investors and civil society in the context of Mashhad's political economy can be noted.
Mohammad Kazem Molazemolhosseini; Morteza Rojuee; Mohsen Moradi
Abstract
The increasing expansion and development of commercial, residential and recreational spaces changed the face of Mashhad as the second largest metropolis in Iran over the past decade. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of the development of tourist sites on the satisfaction ...
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The increasing expansion and development of commercial, residential and recreational spaces changed the face of Mashhad as the second largest metropolis in Iran over the past decade. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of the development of tourist sites on the satisfaction of religious tourists. The research population is religious tourists who have traveled to Mashhad in Nowruz 1395(from Sunday, March 20, 2016 to Friday, April 1, 2016 is considered as Iranian new year holiday). The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that there is a significant positive relationship between the development of tourist sites and religious tourist’s satisfaction. Among the independent and effective variables in the model, the variable of development of recreation centers has the most effect on the satisfaction of religious tourists as a dependent variable and subsequently, the variables of the development of residential centers and the development of shopping centers are effective on the satisfaction of religious tourists. Meanwhile, the results of Pearson correlation test showed that there is no relation between travel motivation and demographic characteristics of tourists with the satisfaction of religious tourists.
sayed ehsan hoseinipor; hosein rezaie doolatabadi; ali kazemi
Abstract
travel intention is one of the variables that tourism marketing experts interest itto analyze consumer behavior in tourism. In this article, pull and push factorsthat affect travel intention of religious tourism were extracted with Delphimethod firstly and then the model that it was submitted base of ...
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travel intention is one of the variables that tourism marketing experts interest itto analyze consumer behavior in tourism. In this article, pull and push factorsthat affect travel intention of religious tourism were extracted with Delphimethod firstly and then the model that it was submitted base of experts attitudesand library studies was tested with smart PLS software. Base of expertsattitudes, the most important push factors are Age, tourist belief to requirementof destination Pilgrimage, Being religious, the impetus for faith increasing,Religious travel experience, the impetus for the forgiveness of sins. The mostimportant pull factors are existence of night life in destination, mentioningdestination name in the Quran and the Hadiths, development of destinationtransportation, the fame of destination, development of health services indestination. Base of results, some pull factors with some push factors, some pullfactors with attitude, attitude with desire and desire with travel intention ofreligious tourism have relationship.
behrouz mohammadi Yeganeh; Mohsen Ahadnejad Reveshti; Mania Ebrahimzadeh; Mahdi Cheraghi
Volume 8, Issue 23 , November 2013, , Pages 51-69
Abstract
Alamvachini ceremony is one of the ancient ritual and local ceremonies in Shaheshahidan village in Guilan province. Despite the reception given for this ceremony from people, infrastructure and facilities are not enough for tourists who visit this event. The purpose of this study is to identify ...
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Alamvachini ceremony is one of the ancient ritual and local ceremonies in Shaheshahidan village in Guilan province. Despite the reception given for this ceremony from people, infrastructure and facilities are not enough for tourists who visit this event. The purpose of this study is to identify the effective factors on attracting tourists to Shaheshahidan village and take part in Alamvachini ceremony. This is an applied research and the method is descriptive – analytic. The study population includes all participants in the event and the sample size is calculated 322 participants using Cochran’s formula. The information has gathered usig library studies, field observation and distribution of questionnaires. For data analysis, method of factor analysis have been used. The results show that economic factors are the most important factors for the development of tourism in Shaheshahidan village. It is proposed that government and private institutes proceed to invest and cooperate to create jobs and increase tourism income that ensure the survival of the event as a cultural heritage of the province.
