Maryam Shahmoradi; Hadi Bagheri
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the role of tourists’ perceived motivations and risks in their attachment to adventure sports tourism destinations. This research follows an applied approach based on descriptive correlation. The statistical population consisted of paraglider pilots who traveled ...
Read More
The current study aimed to investigate the role of tourists’ perceived motivations and risks in their attachment to adventure sports tourism destinations. This research follows an applied approach based on descriptive correlation. The statistical population consisted of paraglider pilots who traveled to the flight sites of Golestan Province in 2021, and a sample of 103 participant was selected through available sampling. The data was collected through three questionnaires and analyzed by structural equation modeling. The findings showed that pleasure, excitement, socialization, and escape are the four motivations that positively and significantly impact attachment to adventure sports tourism destinations. Additionally, perceived risk was found to have a significant negative impact on tourists’ attachment to adventure sports destinations. Based on the findings, practical suggestions were proposed for sports adventure tourism destinations. IntroductionAdventure tourism has become an attractive option for sports tourists die to its features of risk-taking, challenge-seeking, and thrill-seeking, which offer new and unique experiences while immersing in nature. Flight sites, which offer aerial activities like paragliding, intend to create positive impressions among tourists, foster their mental and attitudinal attachment, and encourage favorable behavioral outcomes. Tourists have not only different motives for traveling, but also preconceptions about a destination that can significantly influence their travel intentions. In this respect, the current study aimed to investigate the role of perceived motivations and risks in tourists’ attachment to adventure sports tourism destinations.Materials and methodsThis study was an applied research based on descriptive correlation. The statistical population consisted of paragliding pilots who had used the flying sites of Golestan Province in 2021. A total of 103 pilots completed the mental attachment questionnaire of Duman et al. (2018) and two researcher-developed questionnaires on perceived travel motivations and risks. The data was analyzed through SPSS 23 and Smart PLS software. Results and DiscussionThe findings indicated that pleasure, excitement, companionship, and escape were the four motivations with significantly positive impact on attachment to the adventure sports tourism destination. Despite the high risk in adventure sports, the results showed that positive and negative emotions and pleasure from these activities can improve sports tourists’ perceptions of the services provided. Socializing with other people on flying sites is another factor that influences tourists’ mental attachment. This attachment can stem from a positive mental image created through the interaction between tourists and hosts, an understanding of the local culture, and a feeling of affection towards hosts. Finally, flying sites provide an opportunity for people to get away from everyday worries, enjoy a natural environment away from cities, and find peace, which can leave a positive mental image and develop attachment. On the other hand, the effect of perceived risks on tourists’ attachment was significantly negative. It seems that the fear of potential danger, life accidents, financial and equipment risks, or even the possibility of the unfulfilled promises by the host can have a negative impact on tourists’ mental attachment to the flying sites. Therefore, it is important to reduce negative risks as much as possible while addressing tourists’ motivations.ConclusionThe flying sites that offer adventure activities can invest in the activities by enhancing interactions with tourists, perpetuating recreational conditions, providing more exciting events, reducing negative risks, and enhancing safety indicators. These can increase the resonance of adventure sports tourism destinations and foster greater attachment.
nahid abdoli
Abstract
Nowadays, adventure tourism guarantees sustainable tourism precisely because of its proximity to nature and the aim of responsible preservation of natural resources. This research explores the propellant and influencing forces on the development of adventure tourism. A practical, quantitative-qualitative, ...
Read More
Nowadays, adventure tourism guarantees sustainable tourism precisely because of its proximity to nature and the aim of responsible preservation of natural resources. This research explores the propellant and influencing forces on the development of adventure tourism. A practical, quantitative-qualitative, and exploratory method develops possible scenarios based on the future research approach. Data analysis was done using crass-impact balance analysis and forming a group of experts. The metaphors of headwaters, ponds, deserts, and swamps were presented to draw the vision of scenarios and to describe and predict the future of adventure tourism in 1410. The results of four robust, compatible, and probable scenarios indicate that the narrative of the swamp reveals the instability of the development of adventure tourism in Iran. Iran is very capable of becoming a destination for adventure tourism. Considering the influential role of tourism in the economy and society, corrective and targeted solutions for the sustainable development of tourism are inevitable for a hopeful future.Introduction Risky is the primary feature of adventure tourism. Processing data and information on the sustainable development variables, safety, natural resources, health, adventure activity resources, entrepreneurship, humanitarian, infrastructure, cultural resources, and the image of the adventure brand Adventure Tourism Development Index (ATDI) provide this possibility to by exploring and understanding assemble the course of evolution and the influence of determining factors on the sustainable development of adventure. It provides possession of researchers, policies, beneficiaries, and local communities. Thinking about the future requires specific language and techniques in order to predict the future. Scenarios can express any targeted and planned management in the form of predictable elements and uncertainties. The importance of foresight in the tourism industry has caused scenario-based planning to be referred to as the backbone of tourism (Postma, 2015, p. 46). Adventure tourism is significantly higher than the average growth rate of global tourism (Schott, 2007, p. 264). Kumar & Deshmukh (2022) predict the value of adventure tourism to reach $1,169,095 million by 2028, from $112,227 in 2020, with an annual growth rate of 20%. In this research, we show, by examining the two concepts of sustainable tourism and adventure tourism, that tourism as an intervening activity in the environment has essential effects on destination communities. Iran’s adventure tourism rank and position is a flip to investigate the reasons for inattention to this pioneer industry and to identify and narrate its compatible and probable scenarios.Materials and MethodsThe future study tries to determine the aims and values, describe the trends, and specify the conditions of realization and situations to draw different pictures of the future and evaluate and select alternative policies and plans. One of the methods of future study is scenario codification, in which two or more different scenarios or texts are usually written about the future of the subject that is most likely to occur. This research is applied, descriptive-analytical, and quantitative-qualitative. Generally, the scenario planning process is based on five steps: identification of context scenarios; recognition of influential factors; analysis of key factors; scenario production; scenario transfer (Kosow & Gaßner, 2008, p. 25). The data is a combination of a bibliographic and systematic review of tourism research in general and adventure tourism in particular. Statistical data processing and expert opinions were done by forming a Delphi panel and completing the mutual effects questionnaire. Variables were collected by examining previous research; the statistical population is the activists, employees, and tourists of the Iranian tourism industry, and the sample size consists of 12 tourism experts and activists, especially adventure tourism. The analysis of exploratory and probable scenarios through Scenario Wizard software deals with possible futures with a horizon of 1410.Discussion and ResultsThe analysis of the findings was completed by using the main stages of future studies by Voros (2005). In this model, field identification and propellant forces have been obtained from the global index of adventure tourism. ATDI 2020 shows the weak position of Iran with a rank of 91 among 163 developing countries (Less than the global average). The three main factors of security and hosting, adventure, and preparation are influential in determining the index; each of these factors includes a set of variables that significantly impact the development of adventure. The Crass-Impact balance analysis method is used in scenario analysis, which is a qualitative technique for analyzing influence networks. Each variable with a range of different current situations was exposed to the four concepts of development, continuity, destruction, and crisis. In the best case, the possible and compatible scenarios obtained from the consensus of experts reflect the continuation of the current situation. Finally, an intense scenario and three scenarios with high compatibility and higher probability of occurrence were presented, indicating the continuation of the current trend and the crisis in the medium-term future. The two propellant forces of sustainable development and the image of the adventure brand form the two heads of the model due to their importance and uncertainty. The metaphors of headwater, pond, desert, and swamp were presented to draw the vision of scenarios and to describe and predict the future of adventure tourism in 1410.ConclusionsA strong and probable scenario can be realized by predicting the swamp narrative on the horizon of 1410 unless they are replaced by a change in the attitude towards specific tourism, the social participation of the host community in the planning and development process, rational and embodied policies and most importantly, efficient reforms of out of access scenarios. Iran’s geographical conditions and economic and social characteristics are an opportunity for the future of adventure tourism. Educated, professional, and interested audiences accept many of the cultural constraints and barriers of the local community and act responsibly towards cultural resources. In the direction of the research aim, a set of policy, management, and research solutions are presented in this field. This enables tourism policies and planners to answer these two questions in the future, what will we do? Furthermore, how should we do it? Make a decision
mojtaba ghadirimasum; leila vosughi
Volume 3, Issue 8 , June 2005, , Pages 41-58
Abstract
Tourism is an old phenomenon that has been continuously changed during history and has been affected by economic, socio-cultural and technical conditions. In recent decade specially in 1980s and 1990s , widespread expansion of urbanization, communications and technology has changed tourism demand and ...
Read More
Tourism is an old phenomenon that has been continuously changed during history and has been affected by economic, socio-cultural and technical conditions. In recent decade specially in 1980s and 1990s , widespread expansion of urbanization, communications and technology has changed tourism demand and market. The modern tourism is based on recreation-sportive activities and is called recreational tourism. New paradigm of tourism consumption, introduced Special Interest Tourism (SIT). These tourists seek personal experience full of varying intimacies, complexities and excitement. Adventure tourism, which is a rapidly expanding sector of the tourism industry internationally, is its clear sense. This type of tourism not only enjoys a special interest and a suitable market but are has appropriate potential for business and income.
