Nahid Pourang; Ali Pourang; Seyed Morteza Ghayour Baghbani
Abstract
Abstract The main purpose of the present study was to classify destination-based factors affecting attracting tourists and their length of stay in Mashhad and provide interpretive structural modeling and clustering of these factors to assist tourism industry executives in this metropolis for optimal ...
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Abstract The main purpose of the present study was to classify destination-based factors affecting attracting tourists and their length of stay in Mashhad and provide interpretive structural modeling and clustering of these factors to assist tourism industry executives in this metropolis for optimal planning. A qualitative approach has been used to achieve this goal. Experts' opinions on the factors that could influence attracting tourists and their length of stay in Mashhad were collected through semi-structured interviews and questionnaire distribution. MICMAC analysis is used to classify the elements and validate the interpretive structural model factors in the study to reach their results and conclusions. The results show that "legal and governmental," and "managerial" aspects as driver factors have a great influence on "welfare," "infrastructural," "economical," "socio-cultural," and "marketing" ones as related factors.
Morteza Hemmati-Asiabaraki; Salman Nazari-Shirkouhi
Abstract
It is an important issue that what is the most effective service or efficient designing part as a distinctive factor between a tourism app and its competitors in the highly competitive environment in this field? In this survey, as the first step, the Tourism Mobile Apps (TMAs) functional criteria (success ...
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It is an important issue that what is the most effective service or efficient designing part as a distinctive factor between a tourism app and its competitors in the highly competitive environment in this field? In this survey, as the first step, the Tourism Mobile Apps (TMAs) functional criteria (success factors) are extracted by an appropriate literature review and the opinion of experts who have competitive intelligence knowledge. Then a case study is done on five famous tourism apps in the accommodation sector using the Fuzzy ANOVA. According to the achieved results, users believe that there isn’t any difference between considered applications in criteria such as “Reliability of M-technology”, “Perceived ease of use”, “Perceived Trust”, “Perceived Cost Transparency” and “security issues”. Consequently, the first group is identified as critical success criteria and has more influence on user satisfaction and, subsequently, the success of TMA. IntroductionThe tourism industry is the most profitable part of the economy in advanced countries and has undeniable effects on economic, social, cultural, and ecological areas (Sadeghi et al., 2019). Today, information technology and using different mobile applications attract many tourists to this market. Numerous competitors, further making the choosing process for users difficult, create a set of qualified services for consumers.This research is a case study on top five accommodation (as one of the most important sections of the tourism industry) applications. Therefore, it extracted the performance criteria initially and then investigated the similarity rate in fulfilment levels of those mobile apps. In other words, the final purpose of the current study is to identify the critical success factors through performance adaptation of success TMAs to each other between success criteria.In this regard, the previous research related to TMA is investigated to achieve an initial success framework.Materials and MethodsThe best method for investigating differences between several groups of data is ANOVA. Likewise, Fuzzy ANOVA is a powerful and efficient variance analysis method for fuzzy data.This study evaluates the fulfilment levels of 10 performance criteria in top 5 TMA in Iran. Initially, 20 performance criteria were extracted, then mitigated to 10 factors, using the Friedman test. A Likert scale questionnaire in five linguistic variables was provided and distributed between experts for this aim. The total average of criteria is achieved at 2.82, and it means all the criteria by an average less than 2.82 will be omitted from the initial list.Five TMAs by the most active installation are identified at the next step. Respectively, these mobile apps are Alibaba, Snaptrip, AP, Booking.com, and Trip Advisor.Before considering the analysis of achieved data from experts, it’s needed to calculate the reliability and validity of questionnaires. For this purpose, a Likert scale questionnaire is designed in the present study, and the validity and reliability of criteria are calculated using discriminant/convergent validity and Cronbach alpha. Furthermore, a secondary approach (composite reliability) is also used to evaluate the reliability. This process is implemented using SmartPLS software.Finally, the comparison between TMAs is made by using the fuzzy ANOVA approach.Discussion and ResultThe distributed questionnaire was answered by 10 experts who were selected by using the purposive sampling method. All the respondents at least have one year experience of working with a TMA. The collected data by respondents requires validity and reliability evaluation. The achieved results prove the questionnaire reliability and validity of the criteria. The result is demonstrated in table 1.Table (1). Questionnaire ReliabilityRowcriteriaoriginal sampleSample averageStandard deviationT-StatisticsP-ValuesCronbach alpha Composite Reliability 1PVMT0.4690.4920.1034.5380.0000.7090.8012ROMT0.5370.7020.0957.3250.0000.8880.9193PE0.5400.5890.0836.6990.0000.7650.8424PEU0.3720.5500.1482.5160.0130.8360.7135UIIT0.4490.5530.1493.6320.0000.7990.8546PT0.5540.5690.1045.1890.0000.7880.8457PSQ0.6950.6170.0847.0480.0000.8100.8748PCT0.7970.4880.1762.5540.0110.8540.7919ISQ0.5930.6350.0956.7030.0000.8510.89510SEC0.6340.7990.0928.6240.0000.9350.951At the next step, the fuzzy ANOVA approach proves that in five criteria, the relationship p of is true and verifies the zero hypnosis, and for the others, the correct equation is that proves the null one.ConclusionThe final output of this study demonstrates that a TMA for success achievement must focus on “Perceived value of M-technology”,” Perceived ease of use”,” Perceived Trust”,” Perceived Cost Transparency” and “Security issues” because all these criteria were implemented equally in all of five TMA.
tourism management
Ayoub Pazhouhan; SHahin Behvar; Hojat alah Maleki
Abstract
The current research was conducted to design and explain the development model of creative rural tourism in the target villages of Kermanshah province. The research is of a qualitative type and based on database theorizing. The studied community comprised villagers of tourism target villages, managers ...
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The current research was conducted to design and explain the development model of creative rural tourism in the target villages of Kermanshah province. The research is of a qualitative type and based on database theorizing. The studied community comprised villagers of tourism target villages, managers of ecotourism houses, village councils, local experts, university professors in the field of tourism, and key informants. Sampling has been done using targeted and snowball methods. Based on this, 23 interviews were conducted with the research participants, and theoretical saturation was achieved in 19 interviews. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's strategy. In order to measure the validity and respect the qualitative features of the research, accreditation, and data during the interviews, Lincoln and Goba's four criteria (credibility, transferability, reliability, and verifiability) were used. The reliability of the research was calculated using Holstein's reliability formula (82%). The results of the inductive content analysis identified 120 primary codes, 32 central codes, and six factors during three open, central, and selective coding procedures. Finally, the model of creative rural tourism was designed and presented, in which "creative rural tourism" was selected as the central phenomenon affected by the causal factors of the research. Contextual and intervening factors, together with the central phenomenon, shaped creative rural tourism development strategies and consequences such as increasing private sector investments, driving income from cities to villages, preventing migration to cities, increasing employment rates, returning to villages and cultural development, and a sense of cooperation were identified in the area.IntroductionRaymond and Richards presented the first definition of creative tourism in 2000. They described it as follows: "A type of tourism that gives visitors the opportunity to develop their creative potential through active participation in the learning and experiences they gain from the characteristics of the destination." The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) defined the concept of creative tourism as follows: Creative tourism is travel that leads to an engaging and authentic experience, with participatory learning in the art, heritage, or special features of a place. It is directed and provides a proper connection with those who live in this place and create this living culture. In Kermanshah province, 14 villages are the target of tourism; for example, we can mention the villages of Kandoleh, Piran, Shalan, Shamshir, Hajij, Khaneqah, and Najobran. Considering the many benefits that the booming tourism industry can bring to the province and the target villages of tourism, it is necessary to pay more attention to the tourism industry in this province, as it can be said that this industry can, in addition to turning the province into the tourism pole can provide one of the axes of all-round development of the province. Therefore, the current research is looking for a way to promote tourism in rural areas to achieve sustainable development by spending less money and using local facilities, and to achieve this goal, creative tourism in rural areas has been investigated. According to the above information and the tourism potential of Kermanshah province, especially the target villages for tourism in this region, they can create conditions that attract domestic and foreign travelers and tourists and provide employment. It will raise the area and ultimately boost the business. Finally, this research seeks to answer the question, what is the pattern of creative tourism in the target villages of Kermanshah province, and what dimensions and components does it consist of?Materials and MethodsThe current research is qualitative in terms of paradigm, developmental-applicative in terms of purpose, and exploratory and ground-theoretical in terms of method. The community of the research studied was comprised of experts in creative tourism. Based on this, 23 semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants using purposeful sampling. The data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin’s systematic approach. In order to analyze the data, three types of coding are used, which include open coding (creating concepts and categories), axial coding (identifying the core category, causal conditions, contextual and environmental conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences) and selective coding (creation of theory). In order to measure the validity and comply with the qualitative features of the research, validation, accuracy, and robustness of the data, the four criteria of Lincoln and Goba, such as reliability, transferability and appropriateness, reliability and stability, and verifiability, were used. The reliability of the research was also calculated using Holsti’s coefficient of reliability formula, and 82% was obtained, indicating adequate reliability. ResultsThe results of coding are summarized in Table 1. Table 1. Components of Creative Rural Tourism Development Paradigm Model Categorical clusterMain CategoriesSubcategoriesA central phenomenonDevelopment of creative rural tourismNatural capacitiesAttracting touristsCausal conditionsCommunication between policymakers and practitionersCreating communication circlesFormation of specialized associations Participation of activists and stakeholdersBackground conditionsCultural and social barriersCultural differencesLittle awareness of the hosts about the needs and wants of touristsTourists' lack of awareness of the hosts' cultureCultural barriersIntervening conditionsNot using the Internet and virtual spaceLimited facilitiesNon-use of technologyAbsence of presence in virtual spaceCompeting companiesLack of suitable conditionsStrategiesDevelopment strategiesScientific development of tourismAdvertisingAttention to the interests of touristsAttention to the relative advantages of the regionDevelopment of rural tourism infrastructureCultivationEducationExhibitingConsequencesEconomic, social and cultural developmentIncrease in private sector investmentsMoving income from urban to rural areasPrevent migration to cities.Increase the employment rate.Return to the village (reverse migration)Cultural development and a sense of cooperation in the regionResearch findings. Conclusions Based on the research findings, government planners and private companies should consider creative rural tourism due to its role and importance in increasing employment and sustainable rural development. Therefore, in the tourism target villages of Kermanshah province, by creating suitable infrastructures and providing welfare and recreational services for travelers, conditions can be created that attract domestic and foreign travelers and tourists, increase employment in these areas, and ultimately lead to prosperity. Small and medium businesses in the mentioned areas. In this regard, using the basic theory, the current research investigated the influential factors on the development of creative rural tourism.Summarizing the findings of the qualitative part of the research confirms the fact that by creating communication links between policymakers and the local people of the region, changing the structure of tourism in the region, providing a suitable platform, and identifying tourism capacities in the region and its development in different dimensions (employment, quality of life, preservation of cultural and historical heritage, increase in health level), the ground for creating creative rural tourism in Kermanshah province is provided. However, among these limiting factors are laws and regulations, educational barriers, lack of specialized human resources, organizational and structural barriers, and more Internet and virtual space to advertise and introduce the region to tourists. Strategies and measures that can work in this field include the scientific development of tourism and the use of scientific technology and tools, advertising and introducing the tourist area, creating motivation and paying attention to the interests of tourists, paying attention to the relative advantages of the region, developing rural tourism infrastructure, creating culture, training and holding exhibitions to introduce products. Moreover, the local production of the tourism area, if these measures are realized, the private sector investments will happen in these areas, the result of which is an increase in the employment rate and driving the income to the villages, and a decrease in the migration rate from the village to the city, and an increase Migration is counterproductive and creates cultural development and a sense of cooperation in the region.
Tourism planning
Mohammad Hasan Zaal; Pedram Faehadi; nazanin tabrizi
Abstract
The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the criteria for establishing a cultural heritage village in the Firuzabad World Heritage Site. The research methodology employed is descriptive-analytical, utilizing documentary studies, field surveys, and researcher-designed questionnaires. The tourism community ...
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The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the criteria for establishing a cultural heritage village in the Firuzabad World Heritage Site. The research methodology employed is descriptive-analytical, utilizing documentary studies, field surveys, and researcher-designed questionnaires. The tourism community was chosen as the target population, with a sample size of 350 individuals. Quantitative data processing was conducted using structural equation modeling. Findings reveal satisfactory criteria for the heritage village in the Firuzabad World Heritage Site, yet challenges such as insufficient comprehensive and comparative studies, management issues, and planning are evident. Infrastructure and travel industry necessities play a crucial role as facilitators of the heritage village's functionality but differ from global standards and require investment based on field evidence. Local community support for heritage village-related activities is vital, and educating and raising awareness within this community about the benefits of the tourism industry can ensure practical backing for this project.
Sustainable development of tourism
Davood Gholamrezaei; Narjes Haghparast kenarsari
Abstract
The purpose of this research is practical. The method of collecting information in the current research was in the form of library and field method through interview and observation. Also, the method of qualitative content analysis was used to check the content of the research. In the current research, ...
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The purpose of this research is practical. The method of collecting information in the current research was in the form of library and field method through interview and observation. Also, the method of qualitative content analysis was used to check the content of the research. In the current research, the community of participants were selected from among experts and people active in the field of tourism and coaching in Gilan province. To select the sample, a purposeful and snowball sampling method was used, which was achieved based on the saturation rule by using 15 interviews, which was continued until the 20th interview for greater certainty. Based on the results of the research, preservation, protection and protection of the environment, social structures, and the preservation of the cultures and customs of the communities are among the main consequences and principles of sustainable tourism. It is also one of its negative points.
Sustainable development of tourism
fateme Yari Ghaleh; Nader Naderi; Bijan Rezaee
Abstract
The current research was conducted to identify the drivers of creative tourism development with an emphasis on the role of urban branding in Kermanshah province.The dominant approach of the research was mixed(qualitative-quantitative)in which theme analysis and survey methods were used in the qualitative ...
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The current research was conducted to identify the drivers of creative tourism development with an emphasis on the role of urban branding in Kermanshah province.The dominant approach of the research was mixed(qualitative-quantitative)in which theme analysis and survey methods were used in the qualitative and quantitative parts,respectively.The population studied in the qualitative section comprised of managers and experts of cultural heritage and tourism,municipalities and urban affairs,marketing/tourism activists,university faculty members,and entrepreneurs in Kermanshah province.The purposeful sampling and snowball methods were used by which 22 interviews were conducted with the participants,and theoretical saturation was achieved.In the quantitative part of the research,the statistical population included all the managers active in the field of tourism businesses of Kermanshah province.There were 284 people,of which163 were selected as the samples by using the table of Morgan.Three procedures of open coding,secondary coding, and categories were used in inductive content analysis leading to the identification of153primary codes,17conceptual codes,and5factors.
Sustainable development of tourism
mehdi pourhossein; morteza dousti; mohsen behnam
Abstract
Recently, in the field of destination management in tourism, there is a growing trend towards encouraging individuals to engage in environmentally supportive behaviors. In this study, the dimensions of visitors' environmental engagement (affection, activation, and cognitive processing) are considered ...
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Recently, in the field of destination management in tourism, there is a growing trend towards encouraging individuals to engage in environmentally supportive behaviors. In this study, the dimensions of visitors' environmental engagement (affection, activation, and cognitive processing) are considered as mediating roles in the relationship between perceived environmental quality and pro-environmental behavior, forming a model. Additionally, the moderating role of visitor type (sport and non-sport) in these relationships has examined. The research population consisted of visitors to a nature-based public park in Sari, Mazandaran Province. Data from 394 questionnaires were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results confirm the mediating role of cognitive processing (t=3.55, β=0.107) and disconfirm the mediating roles of affection (t=1.03, β=0.048) and activation (t=0.006, β=0). It has also been identified that there is no significant difference between sport and non-sport visitors in the relationship between perceived environmental quality and pro-environmental behavior due to environmental engagement dimensions.
