Abdolhadi Darzian Azizi; niloufar hadianfar; Aliyeh Maleki
Abstract
Today the emergence of digital technologies has dramatically changed tourism industry. Among these modern technologies is Virtual Reality (VR). Nevertheless, VR technology has not been extremely used by tourist destinations in Iran, yet. So this study investigates Iranian attitude and behavioral intentions ...
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Today the emergence of digital technologies has dramatically changed tourism industry. Among these modern technologies is Virtual Reality (VR). Nevertheless, VR technology has not been extremely used by tourist destinations in Iran, yet. So this study investigates Iranian attitude and behavioral intentions toward adoption VR technology in tourism. The sample of the study totaled 260 visitors from three different destinations by VR technology. Online questionnaire and convenience sampling method were used to collect data research. The research hypotheses were tested using smart PLS3 software. this research is among the first studies investigated Iranian attitude toward using VR, The results can be beneficial for managers and marketers of tourism destinations and help them in utilizing this technology as an effective advertising and promotional marketing tool.
Morteza Shafiee; Milad Fakhr
Abstract
An assessment of the performance of organizations is a process through which useful information can be provided on the success rate of services. In this research, the performance of Shiraz hotels in the tourism industry has been evaluated using mathematical models, their service quality has been measured, ...
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An assessment of the performance of organizations is a process through which useful information can be provided on the success rate of services. In this research, the performance of Shiraz hotels in the tourism industry has been evaluated using mathematical models, their service quality has been measured, and in the end, ways to improve the performance of Shiraz hotels in the tourism industry have been identified. The Stochastic frontier production function method has been used for analysis. Initially, two Cobb-Douglas and Translog production functions are investigated by examining structural parameters and the importance of accuracy in the correct selection of the function, two functional forms are estimated and, according to the likelihood ratio test, the best production function is selected. Data collection was carried out using panel data provided by the Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization with criteria such as the length of stay of tourists in hotels and the number of rooms available, to the researcher. It should be noted that the hotels under study are those that operate under the supervision of the municipality's modernization and improvement center or use the financial facilities of the organization. In the end, the results indicate that the municipality of Shiraz can increase its efficiency by increasing the budget of the renovation and improvement organization and the number of hotel rooms. In addition, hoteliers can improve their performance in a more economical and optimal way by filling their technical gaps, such as budget and labor.
Maryam Ghorbanpour; Mehrnaz Molavi; Nader Zali
Abstract
Unsustainable use of natural heritage leads to their destruction. Nowadays, rivers, as one of the most vital natural heritage, have been used unsustainably. Generally, rivers have the ability to attract tourists in the long run. Therefore, a sustainable tourism approach can help improve rivers' conditions ...
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Unsustainable use of natural heritage leads to their destruction. Nowadays, rivers, as one of the most vital natural heritage, have been used unsustainably. Generally, rivers have the ability to attract tourists in the long run. Therefore, a sustainable tourism approach can help improve rivers' conditions while attracting tourists. With the descriptive-analytical method and the purpose of analyzing the environmental aspects affecting sustainable tourism realization, Zarjub River, located in Rasht, was evaluated. Subsequently, through the analytical hierarchy process and a survey of 25 local experts, the importance of environmental criteria and sub-criteria was determined. In order to assess the current status of the Zarjub River according to the criteria and sub-criteria, available statistics and questionnaire tool were used. In this regard, 400 citizens, 25 local experts, and 20 municipal officials were surveyed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Then, according to the importance and the current status of the criteria and sub-criteria, an integrated analysis was carried out. All criteria and sub-criteria are in the second, third and fourth areas. The criteria in the second area are more effective in realizing sustainable tourism because of their high importance and unfavorable status quo. The SWOT strategies were ranked with the VIKOR method, based on the criteria and sub-criteria and with the help of 25 native experts. Among the strategies presented, the strategy of "strengthening the tourism aspect of the river in all seasons, based on the principles of sustainability" was ranked first in terms of importance.
mohamadbagher aseraei; mojtaba rafiyan; abbas arghan
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the most important touristic environmental quality indicators of the Asara District from tourists' perspective and emphasize the necessity of identifying the most important influential factors on the desired environmental quality. This study, according to purpose, is practical ...
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This study aimed to identify the most important touristic environmental quality indicators of the Asara District from tourists' perspective and emphasize the necessity of identifying the most important influential factors on the desired environmental quality. This study, according to purpose, is practical and descriptive-analytical research in terms of method. This study has benefitted from the multiple criteria decision-making models such as VIKOR, ELECTRE, SAW, and the Copeland model. The Evaluation and the prioritization showed seven influential factors Evaluating and prioritizing environmental quality. The factor related to the tourist attractions has the most effect on creating and improving environmental quality in the Asara District based on the tourists' point of view. Introduction Spending leisure time that includes tourism as one of its shapes is dependent on the two variables of Time and Space. The time factor as a variable gives different shapes to leisure time; also, The space factor has great importance in how leisure time is spent in a geographic sense. Consistent with this kind of development, tourism has a considerable impact on societies' environment, economy, and livelihood. In this regard, a proper environment is one of the fundamental factors and criteria in a tourist's destination, which can be explained based on certain parameters. Therefore, nowadays, in planning for rural and other areas, the improvement of the tourism environment quality within the framework of permanent development goals is of utmost importance. On the one hand, this will lay the groundwork for retaining rural populations and, on the other hand, help attract tourism to the rural destinations. Materials and Methods Multiple criteria decision-making methods (MCDM) 2 consist of a wide array of mathematical technics used depending on the study's aims. Nowadays, The ELECTRE3, VIKOR4, and SAW technics, members of the MCDM family, have a special place in ranking different concepts in different fields of study. The main reasons for this could be the clear mathematical logic and also lack of performance problems. The chart below contains a summary of the models and technics used in this study. Steps and Formulas Title and description Forming the decision matrix Unscaling the matrix Setting weights to the vector of criteria Making the right choice Simple additive weight (SAW): One of the multiple criteria decision making methods. It was first introduced in 1981 by Hwang and Yoon. In this method, also known as a weighted linear combination, after unscaling the decision matrix using the weight coefficient of the criteria, we'll have the unscaled weighted decision matrix, and the score for each choice will be based on this matrix. Unscaling the decision matrix Forming the unscaled weighted matrix with the assumed vector in the algorithm Forming symmetric and asymmetric matrices Calculating the effective asymmetric matrix with the threshold limit ELECTRE: One of the most important prioritization methods and multiple criteria decision-making is used in problem-solving in decision-making. Forming the decision matrix Normalizing the decision matrix Weighting the normalized matrix Setting the maximum and minimum values of the weighted normalized matrix Setting the suitability index (s) and the resistance index (r) Calculating the value of Q and the final ranking VIKOR: A multiple-criteria decision-making method developed to solve decision problems with conflicting and non-commensurable (different units) criteria. Discussions and results This study focuses on the Evaluation and prioritization of tourists' points of view in the Asara District. Since the evaluated factors are based on the environment quality variables, the priorities and requirements of the tourists and environment to improve the environment quality can be identified. Besides the numerous advantages and capacities of this district for tourism development, there are also several obstacles. These obstacles are the incorrect reaction to trends, and the establishment of different activities has resulted in a sensitive and incompatible area full of environmental challenges. The environmental advantages are increasingly decreased, and the area is facing a concerning situation. The incorrect understanding of the nature of the land and a stable development model, and the leadership and controlling methods based on this false understanding are among the area's strategic challenges. The conducted evaluations on the quality of tourism services in the area show an array of problems and difficulties that have made it impossible to utilize the full potential of these tourism resources. A shortage of basic infrastructure (including public restrooms, drinking water, etc.), lack of unified management of the area, especially on holidays, are severely apparent. Lack of sanitary infrastructure and basic facilities has led the tourists to make camps and pitching tents on the margins of the river and road; this could lead to unpleasant consequences like the flooding of the Sijan village in the Asara district in July of 2015. Currently, lack of legal policymaking ( disagreement between political and legal leadership) resulting in an inability for unified legal planning has made the roadside and riverside into a garbage dump that threatens to pollute the Karaj River, the main source of drinking water for Tehran and Alborz provinces. Conclusions This study attempts to use different assessment tools to evaluate and prioritize the indicators. Hence, in terms of factors being assessed, each of 6 sub-factors, sub-parameters, and applying multiple criteria technics to get a practical and real-world assessment of the environmental quality of the district prioritized and evaluated from the tourists' point of view. Given the fact that tourism attraction aspects and the performance-structural criterion are prioritized here, it can be said that the visual and mental fields are of approximately the same importance to the tourists. In other words, environmental quality's impact on tourism development has been evaluated repeatedly, but a comprehensive study on assessment and prioritization of environmental quality criteria has not been conducted; this study has assessed this in a scientific method. As Marin and Taberner (2007)6 described, attention to the influential factors on environmental quality could reduce the dissatisfaction of tourists and prevent environmental destruction.
Gholamhosein Moradi; Elham Operajuneghani; Afsaneh Soltani Bobakani; Farnaz Dehghan Benadkuki
Abstract
IntroductionThe tourism industry is one of the underlying factors for the growth and prosperity of countries' economies, and nowadays, its expansion has provided considerable success for some countries. Therefore, many countries have tried to develop their tourism to benefit from the huge revenues of ...
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IntroductionThe tourism industry is one of the underlying factors for the growth and prosperity of countries' economies, and nowadays, its expansion has provided considerable success for some countries. Therefore, many countries have tried to develop their tourism to benefit from the huge revenues of this profitable industry and increase economic growth. One of the most important elements of tourism planning is attention to tourist and environmental areas to correct economic decisions, which often consider environmental resources as free goods and services. So, the valuation of tourist areas is an important step in management planning for decision making and proper management. There are no serious and sufficient attention and clear policies to the tourism industry in Iran. Also, the preservation and preparation of ancient sites for public visiting are costly, and visitors usually fund this cost. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the economic value of these places to determine the optimal cost and entrance amount. So, this study aims to evaluate the economic valuation of environmental services and estimate visitors' surplus welfare in the Namir Garden (Sadri Garden) of Yazd province as an archaeological and tourism site.Materials and MethodsIn the present study, the travel cost method has been used to evaluate recreation value and determine the effective factors on the willingness of tourists to pay for the Namir Garden of Taft city. The travel cost production function was estimated based on semi-logarithmic from and using the ordinary least squares regression method (OLS). The study's statistical population includes all people who have visited Namir Garden. Necessary statistics and information were collected randomly by completing 80 face-to-face questionnaires. EVIEWS software has been used for statistical analysis of variables and mathematical calculations.Results and DiscussionRegarding the results, most Namir Garden visitors are men (69%), and a high percentage of the visitors are married (70%). Also, the highest number of visitors (nearly 74%) are in the 20 to 50 years age range (average age of visitors are 40.6 years), which indicates the suitability of Namir Garden for young to middle-aged people. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the needs of this age group.Based on the results, the largest number of visitors (nearly 44%) have a bachelor's degree, which shows that educated people want to spend their leisure time with hobbies that lead and encourage them to visit natural tourist attractions. These results coincide with the other studies such as Divar and Karimi Organi (2019), and Moayedfar et al. (2016). On the other hand, the existence of all types of professions and education of visitors in the present study indicate the flexibility and convergence of region for public use, which is similar to the findings of Yavari and Asadi Bazardeh (2016). In the present study, the average household size was 3.6, and approximately 80% of visitors' income is more than 800000 tomans per month. Also, the highest number of visitors (75%) are natives of Yazd province, and most visitors prefer spring; this is because the air temperature of the spring in Yazd is bearable and has a more favourable condition.Most visitors (approximately 92%) use a personal car to visit this place which coincides with the other studies such as Morsali et al. (2020). Therefore, creating facilities and reducing travel costs can increase the number of visitors. Also, most visitors have chosen the ancient view of the garden as the main motivation for their recreation, and roughly 82% find this garden attractive. According to the results, the variables of travel cost and arrival time are effective factors on the number of annual visits. The number of visits decreases by 0.001 and 0.5850 percentage by increasing one unit in travelling cost and reaching time to the garden, respectively. The consumer surplus per visit was estimated at 21000 Rials, and the total average recreational value of the household was estimated at 913500 Rials per year.ConclusionsIt is necessary to create efficient management to develop and protect recreational values to manage a recreation centre. Therefore, to achieve this goal, it is essential to use other methods to evaluate resorts' quality services and benefits, especially their environmental values. So if the authorities improve the current situation by providing more basic facilities, more tourists will be attracted to this historical place, who are willing to pay more for the use of existing facilities, which will expand the tourism industry and increase income. Besides considering the importance of recognizing the social criteria of visitors, it is necessary to identify social patterns in the design and planning of recreational spaces. For instance, in the present study, most visitors are 20 to 50 years age range and the majority have an academic education, so it is suggested that this group tendency should be paid more attention in recreational programs
Somayeh Esmaeilzadeh; Narges Delafrooz; Ali Gholipur; Nasrolah Molaei
Abstract
Introduction
The tourism industry has significantly improved local economies in the last two decades. Considering the importance of tourism and its competitive market in the world, tourist destinations compete head-to-head in order to attract tourists and increase their share of the industry’s ...
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Introduction
The tourism industry has significantly improved local economies in the last two decades. Considering the importance of tourism and its competitive market in the world, tourist destinations compete head-to-head in order to attract tourists and increase their share of the industry’s income. However, some recent malpractices, such as unfair or fraudulent behavior and failure to provide services as promised, have exacerbated the crisis of trust in tourism as an important issue worthy of further attention. Trust is a prerequisite for improving many marketing variables such as loyalty, travel intent, destination attachment, and repeat visits. To date, a comprehensive scale for constructing tourist trust in a tourist destination has not been provided. Most researchers in tourism studies tend to borrow trust measurement tools from other sectors such as social sciences, branding, and e-commerce. Some prefer to develop a scale for a specific area of tourism, for example, for medical tourism and shopping. Moreover, the design of some current scales seems to be based on a qualitative approach lacking credibility. A systematic literature review also showed that there is no comprehensive scale for constructing tourist trust in a tourist destination. To fill this research gap, the present study deems it necessary to develop a more comprehensive and multidimensional scale for tourist trust that considers different stakeholders.
Materials and Methods
Based on a mixed methods design, the present research used grounded theory to analyze the data and develop a trust measurement scale. The statistical population in the qualitative section consisted of academic experts, policymakers, and planners in the field of tourism in Gilan. The purposive sampling method was used to select a sample of 12 participants. The study also relied on the criteria of validity, transferability, reliability, and verification to assess the reliability of the interview interpretation. Concerning the quantitative aspect, convenience sampling was used to select the statistical population of 389 tourists visiting different cities of Gilan Province. The research employed exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to ensure the validity of the structures and identify the main dimensions and factors shaping the tourist trust.
Results and Discussion
In the qualitative stage, six main categories were found to be constitutive of trust in the tourism industry. They included the trust in tourist destination management, travel agencies, tourism service providers, tourist destination residents, other tourists, and digital content. Concerning the quantitative aspect, 389 incoming tourists to Gilan Province were analyzed. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the six research structures are adequately accurate in measuring the relevant structures.
Conclusion
Considering the findings of previous studies, the present research proves to be innovative. The proposed scale for measuring tourist trust is relatively comprehensive, covering the different perspectives of destination stakeholders (management, travel agencies, service providers, residents, other tourists, and digital content) at both institutional and interpersonal levels. The scale is valuable given the fact that tourism research on trust solely focuses on a single or several groups of organizational stakeholders (e.g., the government) which are studied by tourism institutions or travel agencies among tourists, residents, and travel guides. The proposed measurement indices for each dimension also cover more components compared to similar research attempts. In addition, the proposed scale is presented with an overview, and unlike previous studies, it is not restricted to a specific type of tourism, such as e-tourism, medical tourism, or shopping tourism. It is thus a more reliable scale for measuring various dimensions of trust.
Mir Mohamad Asadi; Mehdi Basoli; Mahnaz alsadat Rasekhi
Abstract
Health tourism is a form of tourism. The convenient access to the tourism infrastructures have a great effect on absorbing the health tourists and increasing their settlement in the destination. The current study aims to analyse the health tourism Infrastructure in the city of Yazd. The sample includes: ...
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Health tourism is a form of tourism. The convenient access to the tourism infrastructures have a great effect on absorbing the health tourists and increasing their settlement in the destination. The current study aims to analyse the health tourism Infrastructure in the city of Yazd. The sample includes: cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization experts, managers of travel agencies and respective doctors. by studying the literature review and experts’ opinions 45 variables in the form of 11 factors were identified. Following, the proposed conceptual model was developed through semi-structured interviews. Then, Cognitive Mapping modeling and Ucient and Cognizer software were used. Finally, the infrastructure including: security, Marketing and Advertising notifications, rules and regulations, Training and travel agencies were considered as the most important factors. The final output was the conceptual model for evaluate and improve the infrastructure of health tourism.
vahid sanavi; vahidreza mirabi; hamidreza kordlouie; esmaeil hasanpour
Abstract
Health tourism is very sensitive industry. Since health is the greatest for tune of each person, there is no doubt that choosing a destination country as a place in order to improve the health of a person is an important process and requires the examination of various indices. using the fuzzy topsis ...
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Health tourism is very sensitive industry. Since health is the greatest for tune of each person, there is no doubt that choosing a destination country as a place in order to improve the health of a person is an important process and requires the examination of various indices. using the fuzzy topsis method, the most important effective factors on the development of health tourism industry were determined. The results illustrated that 13 factors including of price and costs, designed and executive planning ,technical and executive quality of health services, information system, process of acceptance and queue, customer loyalty, sustainability and continuity, laws and regulations attendance in international level, physician brand, residential services, geographical location, brand of medical center, service presentation velocity are the most importance to attract health tourism in Mashhad , respectively
Mohammad Fathian Brojeny; Mohammad Hosein Owji
Abstract
The measurement of both offline and online marketing is the topic of numerous research papers and important concerns of marketing managers. Despite the rapid growth of affiliate marketing, especially in the tourism industry, in Iran, Iranian researchers have paid little attention to this area. The aim ...
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The measurement of both offline and online marketing is the topic of numerous research papers and important concerns of marketing managers. Despite the rapid growth of affiliate marketing, especially in the tourism industry, in Iran, Iranian researchers have paid little attention to this area. The aim of this study was to examine factors affecting the measurement of online affiliate marketing performance in the tourism industry. Due to the research is developmental in terms of purpose, and descriptive-survey method in terms of collecting information, first, besides studying literature review, a set of criteria measuring affiliate marketing performance were identified. Then, having interviewed professors and experts in the field of tourism marketing, we distribute questionnaires among the statistical sample, tourism activists. Next, having gathered data, we analyzed, mined them, and prioritized suitable criteria for measuring affiliate marketing performance in the tourism industry. exploratory factor analysis was performed to classify the sub-indices, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the validity of the model. Finally, the results showed six factor including: expose capabilities, communications capability, financial factors, making competitive advantages, abilities to attract, and brand creation are important factors to measure affiliate marketing performance in the tourism of Iran.
Fahimeh Vahabzadeh; Samad Aali; Alireza Bafandeh Zendeh; Houshang Taghizadeh
Abstract
Companies working in a competitive environment are increasingly facing challenges in attracting and retaining customers. In this regard, companies try to create superior value for customers compared to competitors and in return, expect customers to participate in creating value for the company. But customers ...
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Companies working in a competitive environment are increasingly facing challenges in attracting and retaining customers. In this regard, companies try to create superior value for customers compared to competitors and in return, expect customers to participate in creating value for the company. But customers are different and use different relational models to interact with companies, which affect the amount and type of engagement they make in creating value for companies. Therefore, in the present article, we look at the extent to which customer relational models influence their engagement in creating value for hotels, and each customer involved in the creation of what kind of value. To this end, loyal customers of five-star hotels in the northwest of the country were selected as the statistical population and 533 customers participated in the research by completing the questionnaire. A convenience sampling method was used to select the statistical sample. In terms of the aim of the research, this is applied research and in terms of methodology, this is casual research. The research hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling technique and AMOS software. Findings show that customers who use a non-social relational model in their interaction with the hotel participate in creating three types of value (lifetime value, influence value, and knowledge value) for the hotel and customers with relational models of communal sharing and equality matching create value for the hotel, through knowledge and impact on others respectively in addition to providing a lifetime value. Ultimately, customers with market pricing models create value for the hotel only by offering their lifetime value.
Mehrdad Sadeghi; Abbas Ghaedamini Harouni
Abstract
This study aimed to describe and identify The negative effects of tourism on hist society culture based on the, Experiences of Residents of Deh Cheshme village . the method was qualitative based on phenomenological. The population of research were all of Residents of Deh Cheshme village, which includes ...
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This study aimed to describe and identify The negative effects of tourism on hist society culture based on the, Experiences of Residents of Deh Cheshme village . the method was qualitative based on phenomenological. The population of research were all of Residents of Deh Cheshme village, which includes men and women, and the gat hared data research through in-depth interviews with members of staff that purposive sampling were selected, and were collected. , to indicate the validity of the research subjects. seven-step method for the analysis of information colaizzi - ken -stevic was employed .The results suggest that classified in consequences of destructive Identify The negative effects of tourism on hist society culture factors and Cultural vandalism, cultural invasion from outside, cultural transformation from within, the formation of an undesirable cultural attitude to the phenomenon of tourism in 4 categories.
Amir Mohammad Colabi; Simin Karimirad
Abstract
Given to the worldwide spread of Covid19 and it’s impacts on the tourism industry, from the researchers and experts perspective, the entrepreneurial strategic renewal of corporates operating in this industry to continue activities is of essential importance. Current study is a practical qualitative ...
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Given to the worldwide spread of Covid19 and it’s impacts on the tourism industry, from the researchers and experts perspective, the entrepreneurial strategic renewal of corporates operating in this industry to continue activities is of essential importance. Current study is a practical qualitative research. The data was collected using descriptive-exploratory method and the study is completed in two phases which in the first phase 23 articles of 142 prototypes were precisely reviewed using meta-synthesis method and the data was coded based on content analysis. According to the studies and the results of the first phase, in the second phase we interviewed 10 experts and managers of tourism firms. The open coding, axial coding and selective coding method were applied for analyzing the collected data. Finally four influential components in strategic renewal including creativity and innovation, leadership, human resources and capabilities were identified.
atiyeh Garousi; tahereh sadeghloo
Abstract
Risk perception could be considered as the first and most effective step for the optimal guidance and success of the risk management process. Today, tourism, as one of the new functions of rural spaces, is associated with many risks and threats for tourists that the perception of these dangers can play ...
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Risk perception could be considered as the first and most effective step for the optimal guidance and success of the risk management process. Today, tourism, as one of the new functions of rural spaces, is associated with many risks and threats for tourists that the perception of these dangers can play a significant role in travel decisions, readiness and their response to these dangers, the present article examines the factors affecting risk perception and its impact on the tourist's decision using the qualitative method of Husserl phenomenology. among the mentioned environmental hazards, the most possible hazards perceived by tourists in terms of human and natural hazards are the risk of road accidents and floods. The studied tourists considered objective to be more effective than subjective factors in perceiving the danger of tourist destinations. After perceiving the danger, two behaviors of avoiding travel by or facing danger have been selected equally.
Nader Naderi; Rasoul Yazdani; SHahin Behvar
Abstract
The main purpose of the research is to analyze and extract the negative consequences of medical tourism in order to reduce its negative effects on the tourism industry. This study was applied in qualitative research group in terms of purpose and paradigm. Data was analyzed using inductive content analysis ...
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The main purpose of the research is to analyze and extract the negative consequences of medical tourism in order to reduce its negative effects on the tourism industry. This study was applied in qualitative research group in terms of purpose and paradigm. Data was analyzed using inductive content analysis method. Required information was collected through semi-structured interviews and library and internet documentation. The study population included faculty members of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences and Faculty of Economics and Entrepreneurship of Razi University of Kermanshah and medical tourists. The research was purposive sampling and due to theoretical saturation, 18 interviews were completed. Participants 'review methods, researchers' theoretical sensitivity, and simultaneous data analysis and expert review were used to verify and validate the findings. The results show five thematic categories as: negative economic, psychological, socio-cultural, scientific and political consequences.
Amir Mohammad Colabi
Abstract
In recent years, tourism has become a competitive industry in the world. Businesses have become more inclined to pursue new ways to gain a competitive advantage and more revenue. The best way to make progress in E-tourism is to design a business model. This research is applying mixed methods included ...
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In recent years, tourism has become a competitive industry in the world. Businesses have become more inclined to pursue new ways to gain a competitive advantage and more revenue. The best way to make progress in E-tourism is to design a business model. This research is applying mixed methods included both views of qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The study population was qualitatively ten experts in business models and e-tourism who were interviewed. The statistical population of the quantitative section consists of 279 E-tourism specialists. The research results were categorized to design a business model. The results show that the creation of Shared value, rules and regulations governing the industry, and organizational culture and agility have a positive and significant impact on the design of business models in the E-tourism industry. Introduction The tourism industry is growing rapidly and is experiencing extensive changes around the world. It has attracted special attention for the position in this industry, and many modifications and developments; so, the number of tourists has increased from 528 million in 2005 to 1.19 billion in 2015. It is predicted that the number of tourists in 2030 will reach more than 1.80 billion people, indicating a more competitive industry (Hamid et al., 2021). The tourism industry has a special place in helping sustainable development; in other words, tourism is the only development method in many countries. Therefore, in the highly competitive environment of this industry, companies active in the field of tourism are forced to provide new models to improve their competitive advantage (Colabi and Karimirad, 2020). Tourism companies have witnessed new developments and tried to adapt to new technologies by making fundamental changes. E-tourism is the use of information technology to provide the services needed by tourists and are services that tourists traditionally used in the past. E-tourism encompasses all business components, such as e-commerce, e-content production, research and development, and e-marketing (Pencarelli, 2020). The tourism industry is one of the most successful industries in the electronic market because it is a customer-centric industry in which services and information play a major role in the exchange process (Joo, 2002). Companies have to design a business model that shows how to create value for profit. The business model is a multidimensional concept that shows the value creation path of the company and depends on activities that maintain the dynamism and flexibility of the company over time (Reinhold et al., 2017). In general, the concept of business model is as the company's view to create value and commercialize it or how to create a company and value it; The design of the business model also determines how an organization communicates with its stakeholders and how it will react to environmental changes (Colabi, 2020). Designing dynamic and innovative business models based on new technologies is important in the tourism industry. On the other hand, it seeks to create innovation and create new ideas. Designing business models allows these companies to respond appropriately to changes and environmental dynamics. Despite many research articles on business models, the design of business models, especially in e-tourism, has received less attention and luck from researchers. Therefore, this study aims to present the components of the business model in the field of e-tourism in Iran in the form of a model. This study answers what pattern e-tourism follows and what are the main and secondary factors. Materials and Methods A mixed-method composed of the qualitative and quantitative parts has been applied for this study. In the qualitative part, content analysis and coding method, and in the quantitative part, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis have been done to identify the factors influencing the design of the business model. The research community in the qualitative sector includes people who specialize in designing business models, have also worked in the tourism industry. A number of these individuals were interviewed using purposive sampling (snowball sampling). Theoretical saturation was obtained after ten interviews. The statistical population in the quantitative part of the research is the managers and experts of tourism service companies in Tehran, 279 of whom were selected using Cochran's formula. In the qualitative part, data collection was performed in two stages: 1) the structure of the interview was designed using the study of library resources and authoritative articles, 2) the interviews were conducted using the structure of the previous stage. A semi-structured interview method was used, and the interviews were carried out to the stage of theoretical saturation. Dimensions affecting the design of the business model were identified using the interview text coding method, and a questionnaire was designed. Nine professors and experts approved the questionnaire. The most important data collection method was sending a researcher-made questionnaire extracted from qualitative research data and has been approved by experts and professors in this field. The research questionnaire consists of 22 questions in two sections of general and specialized questions. Demographic information has been asked in the general section, and in the specialized section, 19 questions related to the factors affecting the design of the business model have been asked. A Likert scale of five options has also been used to design the questionnaire, which is one of the most common measurement scales. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the fit of the proposed model. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed with Amos 22. Discussion and Results The tourism industry has undergone extensive changes around the world. This study aimed to design a business model in the field of e-tourism in Iran and test the designed model. Identification of factors was made through the study of texts and semi-structured interviews. The results show that the creation of shared value, prevailing laws and regulations, organizational culture and agility are the dimensions of the business model design in the e-tourism industry. Conclusions Creating shared value is the most effective dimension in designing a business model. Creating shared value is the link between competitive advantage and corporate social responsibility. When the weaknesses of society affect the organization's productivity, we deal with it by creating shared value for stakeholders. Companies active in e-tourism are advised to solve social problems to increase productivity and competitive advantage in the company. This study shows that employee participation in profits, lean manufacturing operations and services, appropriate pricing and confidence building, and transparency and accountability affect business model design. In terms of industry rules and regulations, sustainable development and environmental protection laws, improving the quality of services, reducing the damage to tourist attractions, and social responsibility are effective. Creating a sense of social responsibility and adhering to the industry's rules and regulations helps to achieve organizational goals. Agility also plays an important role in developing information and communication space in designing a business model. In general, the lack of infrastructure for change and innovation in the business acquisition model will face challenges for the company. Therefore, branding, intelligent information systems, access to media systems and communication channels, sufficient financial, operational, and educational resources facilitate designing a business model. Given that today industries are facing severe crises and lack of flexibility in the business process causes them to withdraw from the arena of competition, pay attention to these dimensions in designing a business model to solve these issues.
Mohammadmehdi Poursaeed; Fatemeh Ttaheri azad; Marzieh Jahanshahi
Abstract
IntroductionWhen eating local food in a destination, multiple consumption values tend to be important for tourists. Investigating the impact of these values on the perception and behaviour of tourists helps the food tourism industry in Iran because, in this way, the behavioural responses of tourists ...
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IntroductionWhen eating local food in a destination, multiple consumption values tend to be important for tourists. Investigating the impact of these values on the perception and behaviour of tourists helps the food tourism industry in Iran because, in this way, the behavioural responses of tourists in the future can be discovered. Accordingly, this study strived to investigate the effect of multiple consumption values of tourists (functional, emotional, social and Epistemic value) on attitudes toward local food and food destination image as effective factors in the occurrence of behavioural responses by tourists in the future (Intention to recommend local food to others and intention to revisit a destination for food tourism) in the context of stimulus-organism-response (SOR). The research is applied in terms of the purpose and is descriptive and survey in terms of the data collection method. A questionnaire was used to collect the required data. The statistical population of this study encompasses all tourists who have eaten local food in one of the five cities of Iran, including Isfahan, Shiraz, Kerman, Tabriz and Rasht. Using G-Power software, 400 acceptable samples were collected. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modelling running Smart PLS 3.0 software. The results show that the multiple consumption values of tourists (functional, emotional, social and epistemic value) have a positive and significant effect on attitudes toward local food and food destination image and the attitude towards local food. Furthermore, the food destination image positively and significantly impacts tourists' behavioural intentions.IntroductionIran has a lot of local food due to climatic diversity, climate, different ethnicities and cultures. Also, the Iranian culinary school is one of the three main schools of food and the Roman and Chinese culinary schools, and Iranian food is known as the third food school in the world. Food tourism has many benefits. For example, tourism can be considered as a tool for rural development that stimulates the economy, protects existing jobs and creates employment; all of this ultimately leads to many economic benefits. Therefore, by promoting local food in Iranian cities, the necessary ground will be provided to grow food tourism in Iran. To develop food tourism, identifying how the experience of local food shapes the value of tourists 'consumption is essential to understanding tourists' perceptions of their destination and their future behaviours. Therefore, it can be said that the effect of tourists' consumption values when eating local food in Iranian cities on their future behavioural responses through their attitude towards local food and the image of a food tourism destination that is formed in their minds; It can be a great help to the development of food tourism in Iran. Because the positive attitude and image formed from the local food of a destination in the minds of tourists, it can lead to behaviours such as the intention to revisit the destination for food tourism and recommend local food to others in the future. Therefore, this study aims to understand the responses of tourists in the future to the development of food tourism in Iran and to explore the relationships between a series of variables in this field using the SOR framework.Materials and MethodsThis research is applied in terms of nature and purpose and descriptive and survey in the data collection method. Research data were collected through a questionnaire. The questionnaire was prepared by studying previous research and their localization and has been reviewed and approved by three professors in tourism. Cronbach's alpha of all questions is higher than 0.7 and indicates the high reliability of the questionnaire. The study's statistical population includes all domestic tourists who have eaten local food in one of the five cities of Isfahan, Shiraz, Kerman, Tabriz and Rasht. The sample size was 400 people. The sample size includes 400 tourists who have eaten local Iranian food in restaurants, hotel restaurants or eco-tours of the above five cities. The structural equation approach and Smart PLS software have been used to test the research hypotheses.Discussion and ResultsBased on the research results, a positive relationship was found between functional, emotional, social and epistemic value with attitudes towards local food and the image of food tourism destination. Results show; that tourists experience eating quality local food, healthy, at a reasonable cost. Also, this experience should be accompanied by the pleasure and entertainment of socializing with friends, family or food suppliers in a natural environment. In addition, they perceive this experience as a new experience to expand their knowledge and realize their curiosity. A positive attitude towards local food is formed in them, and a positive food image of the destination is engraved in their minds. These results show that multiple consumption value dimensions shape attitudes toward local food and food tourism destinations' image. Also, a positive relationship between attitudes toward local food and the image of the food tourism destination with the behavioral responses of food tourists (intention to revisit a food tourism destination and recommend local food to others) has been found.ConclusionsFindings show that attitudes toward local food and image of food tourism destination resulting from functional, emotional, social and epistemic values can elicit positive behavioural responses from tourists to recommend destination-specific food to others and Revisit the destination for food tourism. In general, lasting memories and better experiences are created when food consumption experiences provide a high Epistemic, social, practical, and emotional value. For this reason, marketing strategies for the development of food tourism in Iran should be designed based on these values of tourist consumption compared to local food, so the expectations and needs of tourists are more met and encouraged them to Return to food destinations and recommend local food to others
Mir Mohamad Asadi; Seyed Habibolah Mirghafoori; Jamileh Ghasemloi Soltanabad
Abstract
The tourism industry is one of the most important phenomena in the current century, which, in the near future, could be the first and most important industry in the world. Influencing economy, this industry is an important factor to promote social and cultural purposes. Considering Iran’s main ...
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The tourism industry is one of the most important phenomena in the current century, which, in the near future, could be the first and most important industry in the world. Influencing economy, this industry is an important factor to promote social and cultural purposes. Considering Iran’s main economic problem, namely the reduction of oil revenues and reliance on the resistive economy, a comparison can be made among Iran, Turkey, and Malaysia. The present study in terms of purpose is applied-descriptive research and from the prospect of type is surveys, and the statistical population was expert_ university professors, tourism organization members, and agency managers; the method used for analyzing data was FCM (Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping). Based on the final model, the most influencing and influenced factors were as follows: Formulating a National tourism development plan in Iran, increasing capital and investment security in the tourism industry, improving international relations, recovering tourism infrastructures, developing domestic tourism, turning the structure of tourism organization into a ministry.
AliAkbar Noorian; Reza Ravanmehr; Ali Harounabadi; Fatemeh Nouri
Abstract
Nowadays, in the age of communication, the production and transmission of information are increasing rapidly. There are also many destinations in the tourism sector that are worth traveling, but increasing the number of suitable tourist destinations through the high volume of choices makes it harder ...
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Nowadays, in the age of communication, the production and transmission of information are increasing rapidly. There are also many destinations in the tourism sector that are worth traveling, but increasing the number of suitable tourist destinations through the high volume of choices makes it harder to choose the desired option. Therefore, the prioritization and personalization of the information have become a necessity for providing appropriate and effective recommendation. In this paper, considering the target user's location, a tourist recommendation system is proposed to suggest a perfect place for tourist accommodation using context information, trust criteria and graph clustering to increase the accuracy of recommendations. The experiments and evaluations on TripAdvisor dataset show that the proposed method suggests better results than other state-of-the-art methods.
Mahdi Mosayebian rizi; Samane Mosayebi
Abstract
The most important purpose of the present research is to investigate the role of creative tourism in increasing social participation of the Dardasht Neighborhood . For analysis of data, quantitative method and statistical tests were accomplished using SPSS and structural equation in the PLS software. ...
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The most important purpose of the present research is to investigate the role of creative tourism in increasing social participation of the Dardasht Neighborhood . For analysis of data, quantitative method and statistical tests were accomplished using SPSS and structural equation in the PLS software. The result of the measurement of the creative tourism impact in increasing social participation of Dardasht Neighborhood residents demonstrate that, with the development of creative urban tourism, the index of initiation and innovation scored the Beta level of -0.188, resilience-adaptation and reception scored a Beta level of -0/214, leadership and management with scored a beta level of 0/022, risk ability with a Beta level of -0/154 and social capital scored a Beta level of 0/431. Therefore it has different impacts in the Isfahan’s Dardasht neighborhood regarding increasing social participation of citizens in financial contribution fields, Mental-Spiritual involvement, physical association, political partaking and finally Instrumental participation.
Seyed Mehdi Jalali; fariz taherikia; zahra atf; iman ghasemi hamedani
Abstract
Powerful nostalgic brands create meaningful images in customers' minds. A strong and famous nostalgic brand image enhances differentiation and has a positive effect on shopping behavior. Today, religious tourism is considered an attractive and alternative industry. Religious tourism is described as a ...
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Powerful nostalgic brands create meaningful images in customers' minds. A strong and famous nostalgic brand image enhances differentiation and has a positive effect on shopping behavior. Today, religious tourism is considered an attractive and alternative industry. Religious tourism is described as a driving force for regional development. Successful religious tourism can increase government revenue, employment, and destination tourism receipts. How a tourist is attracted to revisit or recommend the destination to others is crucial to developing successful destination tourism. Due to the number of trips to this city during their lives, religious tourists in Mashhad have a nostalgic feeling. Traveling to this city is reminiscent of their memories. On the other hand, considering the importance of managing the perceived mental image of a tourist destination and its role in managing the demand of a destination, knowing the dimensions of the mental image of a tourist destination is very necessary. Managers of a tourist destination can manage the perceived mental image to attract new tourists and repeat travelers' visits. Understanding the dimensions of the mental image helps destination managers understand the reasons for not welcoming a destination and fundamental changes in the characteristics of the tourist destination according to the needs of the target markets to create the ground for tourism development to that destination. The purpose of this study is to present a model of the effect of brand nostalgia on the loyalty of tourist's travel decision-making. In the present study, a qualitative method has been used to collect data to identify the factors affecting brand nostalgia. A quantitative method has been used to examine the obtained Model. The statistical population in the quality section of experts, which includes managers of four- and five-star hotels in Mashhad, has more than 15 years of service and at least a master's degree. In selecting the experts, the snowball method was selected, and after conducting the tenth interview, theoretical saturation was reached. The statistical population is a small part of all customers of five-star hotels in Mashhad. Due to the fact that the size of the study population is large, so to determine the size of the statistical sample, Cochran's second formula was used, the number of which is equal to 385 people. 420 questionnaires were distributed, of which 387 were not distorted. After analyzing the interviews and axial coding, the initial research model was introduced, and in a small part, PLS software was used to analyze the data. According to this research, brand nostalgia, desire to buy nostalgia, fantasy imagination, the special value of brand nostalgia and attitude to brand nostalgia affect loyalty in the tourist's travel decision making. Nostalgia refers to a longing to return to period related to the past, Or a feeling of dependence on tangible or intangible belongings and activities in the past. One experiences it when one feels detached from a period in which one is present. Nostalgia has been considered a way to communicate with customers by marketers who have sought to provoke emotional reactions from consumers through promotional methods, advertising, product management, and other activities. This article presents the concepts and mechanisms of nostalgic marketing and strategy. Nostalgic marketing determines the importance and place of nostalgia in marketing to provide practical solutions to apply this concept in marketing. The definitions of the authors of this field, separately, do not cover a wide range of structural aspects. According to the results of this study, the managers of Mashhad Tourism and Hotels Organization should first identify the factors affecting the quality of travel and then try to strengthen it from the perspective of tourists. Advancing the quality of travel should be one of the long-term goals of tourism destinations because it can increase their perceived value and ultimately make more profit. Also, the Mashhad Tourism Organization managers and hotels should set a higher level of travel quality for tourists to create a positive behavior after the visit to maintain and promote competition among tourists. Positive behavioral response and creating an emotional image should be considered the most key achievement for managers of a tourism area and the product of all activities and actions taken in the tourism chain. Brand nostalgia to build trust in your brand with customers requires continuous assessment of brand credibility and reputation from customers' perspectives. For this purpose, it is recommended to be on the agenda of these brands' public relations or marketing managers on an annual or monthly basis. If necessary, appropriate and timely measures can be taken to maintain and strengthen the brand's credibility. A brand like a human being and presenting the product next to it along with a special name and bringing a name of nostalgia along with a symbol, sign, or music to strengthen the mental associations of the brand based on its constituent factors to strengthen the brand reputation and follow It builds trust.
Mohamadreza rabiee mandejin; hassan oroji; mohammad alizadeh
Abstract
Introduction: Ecolodges are considered one of the basic elements in ecotourism, especially in ecotourism habitats and rural areas. Ecolodges have involved different components of the rural tourism system in the context of the origin and destination of tourism, and they have affected different dimensions ...
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Introduction: Ecolodges are considered one of the basic elements in ecotourism, especially in ecotourism habitats and rural areas. Ecolodges have involved different components of the rural tourism system in the context of the origin and destination of tourism, and they have affected different dimensions of rural areas. The relationships between these components and their place in ecolodges can be defined and explained in the form of different models. Therefore, explaining these patterns and redefining the elements and factors of Ecolodges systems has an important role in the development of future ecolodges and the development of different dimensions of villages. Ardabil province, located in the cold region of northwest of the Iranian plateau, with its various factors such as the diversity of natural resources, hot mineral waters, and their healing properties, can be important in attracting tourists. Khalkhal county is also known as one of the potential eco-touristic areas of the province. However, the city's rural areas are known only as transit ecotourism areas and have not yet been identified as an ecotourism destination. Accordingly, ecolodges have been built in the past few years, only in a handful of villages such as Khums, Kazaj, and areas such as Aznav. In this regard, there is no proportionality between the villages. According to those mentioned earlier, this study's main aim was to explain and present a model for the development of ecolodges in rural areas; Khalkhal city as a suitable and compatible case study to identify the main factors selected in the development system of ecolodges in a destination Tourism. The main purpose of this study was to participate in the theoretical knowledge in the field of ecotourism resort development system. In order to present the future development model, first, the current status of the Ecolodges system in the city should be identified by identifying the main factors and categories influencing the ecotourism system and ecolodges in the region and then by analyzing the conceptual patterns and views and identifying the relationship between factors and Their effects provided an optimal model for the future development of ecolodges. Materials and Methods: This research is applied type, and in terms of the nature of the data, it is quantitative-qualitative research. Research data were collected mainly through field methods, including structured interviews, group discussions, questionnaires, field observations and evaluations, library methods, and theoretical exploration. The study's statistical population to identify the factors and conceptual patterns governing the system of rural ecolodges in this county includes all experts in this field such as managers, entrepreneurs of ecolodges, and researchers familiar with the current situation of rural ecolodges. The statistical sample of the research is consciously selected. It includes four researchers with a history of research and field study in Khalkhal, four activists and entrepreneurs in the field of ecolodges in the region, and two administrative experts related to ecolodges and tourism in the city. Since this section has been analyzed through the Q analytical model, according to the limitations of elite and knowledgeable people, finally, ten experts were selected to evaluate and analyze this section. Inductive qualitative content analysis has also been used to identify and analyze the extensive components of ecolodges. Discussion and Results: First, the effective factors in the development of ecolodges have been studied in Khalkhal city. Therefore, eight influential factors have been identified, which are very different in terms of effectiveness and importance. The first factor is the most important of all. This factor refers to ecotourism capabilities to build accommodation in most villages of the county. It has shown a relatively high level of public participation in tourism in most villages. The main manifestation of this partnership is the supply of handicrafts and indigenous rural products to tourists. Of course, the size and geographical location of the villages are also involved to some extent in this issue. Another important point concerning this factor is the lack of significant differences between Khalkhal villages regarding ecotourism capacity and infrastructure and services. However, this factor points to the fact that the relationship between rural ecolodges with each other and urban resorts is not very strong, and the weakness of rural management and publicity has fueled this issue. Then, the dominant thought patterns in the development of ecolodges were identified. There are only two thought patterns on the development of ecolodges in the ruling village, but the first model is much more important in terms of influence and importance. so as to explain more precisely the process and structure of rural ecolodges in Khalkhal city, the main concepts and categories have been identified through inductive qualitative content analysis, which includes entrepreneurial communication, strengthening public participation, and satisfaction People, lack of a definite model for ecolodges, the role of roads, human capital, weak government management, relative incompatibility between rural management and non-indigenous entrepreneurs, the role of non-indigenous forces, injecting ideas for ecolodges, hastily granting ecotourism permits and creating conflict It is exclusivism. Conclusions: After analyzing the data and research results, the final optimal model is presented to develop rural ecotourism resorts in Khalkhal city. The main components of this model involve entrepreneurship and indigenous knowledge, non-indigenous ideas, ecotourism monopolization, attraction production, ecotourism acculturation, identification of holes and sensitive elements, creation of ecotourism complexes, ecotourism routing, ecotouristic cluster and network management, and regional network strategy. Eventually, the ecolodge system will move towards development, but a scenario needs to be developed for better management.
Rasul Abbasi; Atefeh Akbari; Kejani
Abstract
Food tourism is one of the most popular and high-income sectors of tourism in industrialized countries, both in its special domain and in contrast to other sectors. Unfortunately, Iran's tourism, restaurant, and hotel industries have failed to recognize this treasure's potential. This article aims to ...
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Food tourism is one of the most popular and high-income sectors of tourism in industrialized countries, both in its special domain and in contrast to other sectors. Unfortunately, Iran's tourism, restaurant, and hotel industries have failed to recognize this treasure's potential. This article aims to outline the issues and obstacles that the Iranian restaurant industry has in developing traditional food tourism. The qualitative research method and phenomenological approach were utilized in this study since it was necessary to use the lived experiences of people involved in the research topic. In-depth sampling was performed with 14 experts with experience in local food management by criterion and snowball sampling method until saturation was reached. By parenthesizing the researcher's previous knowledge, referring to the participants, and confirming them, the validity of the obtained results was determined. The findings illustrate a six-dimensional structure, including marketing barriers, low availability, poor groundwork, intra- institutional challenges, intra-union challenges, and government challenges. IntroductionIn its geographical area and relation to other sectors, food tourism is one of the developed countries most popular and lucrative goals. Traditional food is one of the best foods in different parts of the country in terms of nutritional value, availability of raw materials, freshness, free of chemical preservatives, and also cheapness. Food is not just a commodity but a cultural food embedded in the culture and customs of the local people of a region. In addition to meeting people's daily needs, food introduces tourists to food culture, and more.Materials and MethodsIn this research, a descriptive approach was used. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of research method. According to the research objectives, the phenomenological method has been used as the research method, and the interview method has been used to collect data. The sampling of this research was done in the form of snowballs, and the interviewees were selected with maximum diversity from people who have experience in local food restaurant management. The sample size of this study is also determined by reaching the data saturation limit. The statistical sample is 14 people, including five women and nine men in the age group of 24 to 50 years, of which two had a bachelor's degree, seven had a master's degree, and one had a doctorate. The duration of each interview varied from 45 to 120 minutes. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to collect flexible data. After that, the interviews were implemented, coded, and analyzed as soon as possible to provide the necessary feedback for future interviews or adequacy and saturation. In this study, participants were first asked to explain how to choose native food and their experiences and feelings while buying and using products. The participant's answer guided the following questions, and the interview process gathered saturated information. In order to analyze, the four-step method of Bazargan et al. (2010) has been used.Discussion and ResultsUsing the phenomenological method, six main themes affecting the development of traditional food tourism were extracted, which were:"marketing barriers", "low availability", "poor groundwork", "intra-institutional challenges", "intra-union challenges", and "governance challenges". According to the participants in this study, there are marketing barriers with elements such as poor advertising, the high price of traditional food, the tendency to Western food, weak local food culture, unfamiliarity with customer tastes, poor use of cyberspace, and weak customer orientation. Previous studies have only examined the barriers to marketing in "food tourism", but the weak marketing position in "local food" has been suggested for the first time in this study. The topics of "low availability" and "poor groundwork" include local food restrictions, poor development of hospitality programs, poor local food education, and poor infrastructure with the research of some researchers are consistent. The topics of "intra- institutional challenges", "intra-union challenges", and "governance challenges" include the variables of support of guilds and government for holding food tours for cooking training, private sector investment in food tourism, and eliminating the weaknesses of restaurant management are agreeing with the results of some researches.ConclusionsThe study's findings effectively identify and understand the barriers to the development of traditional food tourism, and their elimination plays a significant role in promoting the tourism industry in Iran.
Elahe Nasernasir; Hossein Parvaresh
Abstract
In this study the environmental effects and risks of tourism in Hormoz Island was studied using EFMEA method. For this study field surveys was conducted and also we consulted with environmental and tourism experts, then risk priority numbers ( RPN ) was calculated using pollution extent, occurrence likelihood ...
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In this study the environmental effects and risks of tourism in Hormoz Island was studied using EFMEA method. For this study field surveys was conducted and also we consulted with environmental and tourism experts, then risk priority numbers ( RPN ) was calculated using pollution extent, occurrence likelihood and risk severity from EFMEA tables in according to 15 expert viewpoints. then all risks was categorized in 3 categories ( high, medium and low ) and 18 environmental risk was identified that 14 risks were in medium risks, 2 risks were in low risks and 2 risks were in high risks that were risks from solid wastes production with water and soil pollution consequence and risks from solid waste landfill with air, water and soil pollution consequence.
maryam sarikhani; meysam shafiee; Bahman Hajipour; morteza soltani
Abstract
The aim of the present paper is to present an appropriate framework to explain the position of each marketing concept and determine the significance of tourism marketing among marketing concepts, in terms of approach, technique and paradigm. To do so and in the first step, functional and important concepts ...
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The aim of the present paper is to present an appropriate framework to explain the position of each marketing concept and determine the significance of tourism marketing among marketing concepts, in terms of approach, technique and paradigm. To do so and in the first step, functional and important concepts of marketing were identified using ultra-combination method. In order to determine the position of tourism marketing among marketing concepts, multiple-stage Delphi technique was employed. Research population consists of a mixture of academic experts in marketing in and outside the country. The sample size in the second phase of the study was determined to be 26. Finally, through data analyses via single-variable t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the concepts were classified based on methodological levels, and tourism marketing was placed in paradigm category based on the conducted tests and the experts' opinions. Then, using TOPSIS, the position of tourism marketing was determined.
Armin Goli; Ali Gholipour Solimani; Narges Delafrooz
Abstract
AbstractThe present study aimed to identify the dimensions of social media storytelling power and investigate the role of social media storytelling power and evaluate its dimensions in tourism destinations. This study has a hybrid approach. The statistical population in the qualitative section consists ...
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AbstractThe present study aimed to identify the dimensions of social media storytelling power and investigate the role of social media storytelling power and evaluate its dimensions in tourism destinations. This study has a hybrid approach. The statistical population in the qualitative section consists of all the stories of tourist destinations in Ramsar and Qeshm on social media, of which 62 and 108 stories were selected for these two destinations by judgmental sampling, respectively. In addition, the research strategy is narrative analysis. The method of data collection was online written stories. The dimensions of identified social media storytelling power were provided in a network of themes and conceptual models of these two destinations. Then, the research strategy was performed as a survey in the quantitative section. The statistical population included all tourists who had read the tourism stories of these two destinations on social media. The sampling method is available non-probability sampling, and the sample size was estimated to be 450 for each destination according to Morgan's Table. The data collection method was an e-questionnaire that was sent to tourists. The results of structural equation modeling by Smart PLS software showed that the dimensions of literary knowledge, attractiveness and dynamism, cognitive, emotional, trust and credibility, tourism, ethics for Ramsar destination. And the dimensions of attractiveness and attention, literary, cognitive, emotional, comparative knowledge, Economic, moral, trust and credibility, and tourism for Qeshm destination affect the development of these destinations. IntroductionToday, the tourism industry is considered one of the driving forces in the global economy and has developed significantly in the world. Accordingly, tourism destinations seek to attract more and more tourists. However, increasing changes in the tourism sector due to current technological advances, changing needs of tourists, and their interest in sharing their travel experiences in the form of storytelling on online social media force tourism destinations to draw a new framework based on a systemic approach in tourism destination management and marketing strategy. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the dimensions of the power of storytelling on social media and then evaluate these dimensions in the development of tourism destinations in the tourist cities of Ramsar and Qeshm Island.MethodologyThe present research has been conducted with a hybrid approach (qualitative-quantitative). The qualitative research strategy is narrative analysis. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes all the stories of Ramsar and Qeshm tourist destinations in online social media (sites and blogs), in which 62 and 108 stories were selected for these two destinations by judgmental sampling method, respectively. Then, in the quantitative section, the research strategy was performed as a survey. The statistical population consisted of all tourists who had read the tourism stories of these two destinations on social media. The sampling method as a non-probability available sampling was used, and according to Morgan's Table, the sample size was 450 people for each destination. The data collection method was an e-questionnaire. The data analysis method was structural equation modeling and path analysis technique by Smart PLS software.Discussion and conclusionThe present study investigated social media storytelling power and its dimensions in developing tourism destinations in Ramsar and Qeshm Island with a hybrid approach. In the qualitative part, the dimensions of storytelling power - tourism in Ramsar city in online social media include literary knowledge, attractiveness and dynamism, cognitive, emotional, trust and credibility, tourism and ethics; In addition, the dimensions of tourism storytelling power in Qeshm Island in online social media were the dimensions of attractiveness, literary, cognitive, emotional, comparative, economic, moral, trust and credibility.Furthermore, the dimensions of tourism storytelling power on Qeshm Island on online social media were attractiveness, literary, cognitive, emotional, comparative, economic, moral, trust, and credibility dimensions. In the quantitative section, the results indicated that the dimensions included literary knowledge, attractiveness and dynamism, cognitive, emotional, trust and credibility, tourism, morality, and the dimensions of tourism storytelling power in Qeshm Island in online social media consisted of attractiveness and attention, literary, cognitive, emotional, comparative, economic, moral, trust and credibility knowledges, which have been effective on the development of Ramsar and Qeshm tourism destinations.ConclusionComparing these results in terms of similarity of some dimensions in these two destinations, it should be stated that the path coefficient of the literary knowledge aspect in the story of Ramsar and Qeshm destinations are equal to 0.406 and 0.122, respectively, indicating the greater impact of this aspect of the story on the development of Ramsar tourist destination. Considering attractiveness and dynamism, the path coefficient in the Ramsar story is 0.235, and attractiveness and attention dimension in Qeshm story is 0.237, suggesting that the effectiveness of this dimension of the story on Qeshm tourism destination development has been more than that of Ramsar. Cognitively, the story of Ramsar and Qeshm destinations are equal to 0.372 and 0.322, respectively, representing the greater impact of this dimension of the story on the development of the Ramsar tourism destination. Emotionally, the path coefficient in the Ramsar story is 0.432, and that of the Qeshm destination is 0.174, showing the greater impact of this dimension of the story on the development of the Ramsar tourism destination. Regarding trust and credibility, the path coefficient in the Ramsar story is 0.315, and that of Qeshm is 0.308, which shows the higher impact of this dimension of the story on the development of the Ramsar tourist destination. Considering the tourism dimension, it is worth noting that although the number of tourism dimensions in the script of Qeshm destination tourism stories was more than that if Ramsar, comparing the similar aspects of tourism in these two destinations indicates that the path coefficient in Ramsar and Qeshm destinations are 0.497 and 0.360, respectively, indicating the greater impact of this dimension of the story on the development of Ramsar tourist destination. Regarding the ethical dimension, the path coefficient in Ramsar and Qeshm destinations are 0.295 and 0.308, respectively, showing the greater impact of this dimension of the story on the development of Qeshm tourism destination.
