mehdi karubi; sahand bani kamali; hoda monadi
Volume 7, Issue 19 , November 2012, , Pages 91-116
Abstract
Shopping is one of the most important activities for tourists. The purpose of this study is to describe and predict tourist shopping route choice behavior in Tabriz historical bazaar. A model of tourist shopping behavior is estimated to investigate differences in route choice behavior of various types ...
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Shopping is one of the most important activities for tourists. The purpose of this study is to describe and predict tourist shopping route choice behavior in Tabriz historical bazaar. A model of tourist shopping behavior is estimated to investigate differences in route choice behavior of various types of tourist shoppers. The results indicate that shopping supply and accessibility, some physical characteristics, and the history of the route followed are important factors influencing route choice behavior. Furthermore, it can be concluded that shopping motivations, familiarity with the area and planning of the route, affect tourist route choice behavior. The model allows investigating the effects of environmental characteristics on route choice behavior and assessing various future planning scenarios, such as changes in physical aspects of links in the downtown area, or changes in supply of shops.
Neda Torabi Farsani; Seyed Reza Bahadori
Abstract
One of the crises that affected tourism in 2020, especially in the hospitality industry, was the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) health crisis, which had major economic damage on the global hotel industry for more than three months and it has caused the closure and adjustment of human resources in this sector. ...
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One of the crises that affected tourism in 2020, especially in the hospitality industry, was the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) health crisis, which had major economic damage on the global hotel industry for more than three months and it has caused the closure and adjustment of human resources in this sector. The present study, with emphasis on accommodations (hotels, ecological resorts, hostels, and traditional hotels) in Iran, attempts to identify appropriate solutions for the resurgence of accommodation business in the Post- COVID-19. The data collection tool in this study was the interview, A semi-structured interview with elites, experts, and researchers was done; Qualitative (Thematic analysis) method was used to analyze, and the results of the interview were analyzed using open coding and axial coding, illustrated that policy-making, collaboration, market penetration, product development, increasing awareness, and information exchange are suitable solutions for the prosperity of accommodation in the Post- COVID-19.
fereshte mansuri moayed; samira soleymani
Volume 7, Issue 18 , August 2012, , Pages 93-110
Abstract
Purpose of this study is to compare the destination image among tourists who take benefit of different marketing tools for their information gathering. Iran was chosen as the study destination and the potential foreign tourists who were willing to visit Iran and were somehow in search of information ...
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Purpose of this study is to compare the destination image among tourists who take benefit of different marketing tools for their information gathering. Iran was chosen as the study destination and the potential foreign tourists who were willing to visit Iran and were somehow in search of information for choosing their travel destination, comprised the statistical population. The method employed for gathering data is survey. Findings reveal that internet, as the tourists’ most important tool for information collection, significantly affects the affective image of tourists, rendering a completely different affective image of destination among users and non-users of internet. Among various marketing tools, word of mouth, tourism magazines and brochures are the next most important marketing tools after internet. Despite the fact that internet is recognized as the most important marketing tool, guidebooks and brochures are identified to have the main impact on the destination image of Iran, after which comes word of mouth in the second place.
ali akbar amin bidakhti; navid sharifi
Volume 7, Issue 17 , March 2012, , Pages 93-110
Abstract
Programs related to recreation and tourism is considered economic, social and cultural phenomena. Some experts conceive tourism as a driving force for the economic development of countries. In this regard, adopting appropriate solutions to increase feelings of trust and security within tourists visiting ...
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Programs related to recreation and tourism is considered economic, social and cultural phenomena. Some experts conceive tourism as a driving force for the economic development of countries. In this regard, adopting appropriate solutions to increase feelings of trust and security within tourists visiting a region is crucial in attracting tourists. The present research is descriptive-correlation type and offers a model capturing the relationship between social capital and the tourist boom in the Caspian Sea coastal areas. The statistical population of the research involves all the native inhabitants of the Caspian Sea and the tourists who visited the place, out of whom 229 were randomly selected for the sample. Collecting the data a researcher-made questionnaire was employed. In the data analysis phase, structural equations modeling technique was used for investigating the relationship between social capital and attraction of tourists. Findings confirm the proposed conceptual model depicting that social capital directly affects the attraction of tourists, and has a prominent impact on the subjective and objective security of tourists.
Mohamad Saleh Torkestani; Fahimeh Mafakheri; Fatemeh Haghighat
Abstract
Nowadays, despite the advantages of the Internet promotion in tourism industry, it is necessary to have a comprehensive knowledge of the concept of electronic loyalty and its affecting factors. This study examines the effect of loyalty and trust in Ecommerce on Shopping online for tourism ...
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Nowadays, despite the advantages of the Internet promotion in tourism industry, it is necessary to have a comprehensive knowledge of the concept of electronic loyalty and its affecting factors. This study examines the effect of loyalty and trust in Ecommerce on Shopping online for tourism products and services. The population of the study were customers of a well-known travel agency, who were using online services of the agency. Simple random sampling method was used in order to distribute the questionnaire. Also, Cochran formula was applied to determine the sample size, and the result was 82. Data analysis was done by using Smart PLS and the statistical method used in this study is Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed that functionality and perceived security of the website impact on trust and satisfaction, also cost impacts on satisfaction, but cost has no effect on trust and this hypothesis was rejected. The results confirmed the impact of trust and satisfaction on loyalty.
Ali Safari; Fardin Shooraj; Reza Saleh zadeh
Volume 9, Issue 28 , March 2015, , Pages 95-113
Abstract
In recent years, knowledge creation and knowledge management have become dominant factors for organizations competitiveness and organizational performance and success. Successful organizations are those that consistently create new knowledge, disseminate it widelythroughout the organization and quickly ...
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In recent years, knowledge creation and knowledge management have become dominant factors for organizations competitiveness and organizational performance and success. Successful organizations are those that consistently create new knowledge, disseminate it widelythroughout the organization and quickly embody it in new technologies, products and services. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between knowledge management, organizational entrepreneurship and organizational performance. The study took place at Iran Cultural Heritage, Handcrafts and Tourism organization. The research instruments were knowledge management enablers, knowledge management process, organizational entrepreneurship, and organizational performance questionnaires. Structural equation modeling was used to test the research’s hypotheses. The results showed that knowledge management enablers have a direct impact on knowledge management process; and knowledge management process has a direct impact on organizational performance and organizational entrepreneurship.
Mahnaz Shayestefar; Saeedeh Khaleghizadeh
Volume 10, Issue 29 , April 2016, , Pages 95-122
Abstract
Ganjali khan caravansary is the most invaluable structure in Safavid era.This complex can be considered as an art museum of Safavid era in Kerman. Façade of Ganjali khan caravansary shines as a pearl in this invaluablecomplex because of the tiling applied in the façade, including different decorations ...
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Ganjali khan caravansary is the most invaluable structure in Safavid era.This complex can be considered as an art museum of Safavid era in Kerman. Façade of Ganjali khan caravansary shines as a pearl in this invaluablecomplex because of the tiling applied in the façade, including different decorations such as geometric, vegetative, human and symbolic motifs which has brought about a beautiful coordination visually and semantically. Due to analytic-descriptive results obtained from this study, it is followed that artists of façade structure could create a new and attractive composition by putting together different beautiful pictorial shapes and inscriptions all of which suggests a certain meaning. In addition to aesthetics, they attract soul and thought of the spectator and they lead spectator’s mind beyond apparent meaning. This meaning shows movement i.e. moving from material world to eternal one. The present article has been adjusted analytically and descriptively with focus on field studies and it has done inferentially
esmaeil rasuli
Volume 1, Issue 2 , December 2003, , Pages 95-115
Abstract
The contribution of tourism and travel to both industrialized and developing countries is now so great that any changes in the level of activity in the industry are a cause for concern. There have been many instances where the tourism industry in one or more countries has suffered an unexpected and sudden ...
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The contribution of tourism and travel to both industrialized and developing countries is now so great that any changes in the level of activity in the industry are a cause for concern. There have been many instances where the tourism industry in one or more countries has suffered an unexpected and sudden downturn in demand. Policy makers are faced with the predicament of if and how they should respond to such crises in the absence of research into the relative effectiveness of different responses. TI1is paper shows that it is difficult, if not impossible, to formulate polices that guarantee that tourism can be maintained for a long time. This paper examines constructing a computable general model to analyze the effects of tourism crisis and potential and actual policy responses to the crisis.A panel Discussion model is a useful tool in forecasting and evaluating tourism demand. The model is built around a set of data taken from national accounts sources. The input• output table is derived from the national input-output table, with additional considered. The main objectives of this paper were to develop a planning tool as well as the assessment of land use paucn and quantitative and qualitative estimation of tourists, and its management, with reference to conservation, and determination of demographic trends. Based on the carrying capacity, estimating the hotel bed capacity is possible. Summarizing the core of Butler's theory is another related concept which is being described, according to which in an unexploited area, the tourists are initally only a few people and their number grows very slowly (exploration) . Following this discovery period, there is a phase of rapid growth, in general accompanied by a cocomitant capital development, and , finally, a stagnation phase. accommodated in an area. It is the prescribed number of visitors at one time that will be accommodated. Experts have often made use of the concept of carrying capacity in addressing the tourism that is developed and managed in such a way that all tourism activity- which in some way focuses on cultural of nature heritage resources - can continue to grow. Carrying capacity is simply the largest number of any given type of tourists that a destination can support without making any socio-cultural and natural negative effect. One suggestion for dealing with the impacts of tourism has been a call for establishing a tourism carrying capacity for different regions. Carrying capacity is fundamentally a quantitative term, arrived at through asking "How many is too many?" But the problems associated with increasing tourism arc not so much a function of numbers , as of behavior . Instead of trying to determine some' magic number', that itself varies according to climate, type, and perceptions of use, we should ask, "What are the acceptable/appropriate conditions for our country?" Carrying capacities in nature are not fixed , static, or simple relations . They are contingent on technology, preferences, and the structure of production and consumption. Most recent studies on "carrying capacity" do not try to set a magic Number that is a so- called optimal number of visitors. Several factors including seasonality and distribution across the region must be
Abstract
Regarding social trends in the contemporary world, cultural heritage tourists’ satisfaction has become more important than ever. The aim of this study was to measure the level of cultural heritage tourists’ satisfaction of Sheikh Safi al-din Khānegāh as World Heritage Site (WHS). Participants ...
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Regarding social trends in the contemporary world, cultural heritage tourists’ satisfaction has become more important than ever. The aim of this study was to measure the level of cultural heritage tourists’ satisfaction of Sheikh Safi al-din Khānegāh as World Heritage Site (WHS). Participants were 400 tourists who visited the universal ensemble of Sheikh Safi and were selected using convenience sampling method. The questionnaire included questions on the motivations of the visit, the satisfaction level of visiting various parts of the ensemble and the services, which were analyzed using SPSS software after finalizing. The results showed the low satisfaction rate of tourists which did not meet WHS standards. There was a high dissatisfaction rate especially among educated people. The study revealed that the satisfaction of cultural heritage tourists on visiting the sites were not considered important for authorities and officials of the Cultural Heritage Organization in Iran; however, tourists’ satisfaction is one of the main factors of sustainable tourism development
yazdan shirmohammadi; ghazaleh Darabi; Zynab Hashemi baghi
Abstract
In the current super competitive environment, tourism marketers should focus on branding and the factors that make up the brand of a tourism destination. Since attention and mental conflicts, choice and intention to visit are the essential elements in the tourism brand's structure, any change in these ...
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In the current super competitive environment, tourism marketers should focus on branding and the factors that make up the brand of a tourism destination. Since attention and mental conflicts, choice and intention to visit are the essential elements in the tourism brand's structure, any change in these elements can be important in the demand for re-visitation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sustained tourism mental conflicts into domestic tourists intention of revisiting in comparison with international tourists with and without the effect of intermediary variables (brand awareness, brand image, brand perceived quality and brand loyalty). The present research is applied in terms of its purpose and is considered as descriptive-survey research in terms of research methodology. The statistical population is the international and domestic tourists of Tehran. The Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS and AMOS software. The bootstrap method was used to test the path analysis of hypothesis. The findings of the research indicate that the sustained mental involvement of the tourists on the intention of visiting domestic tourists is influenced by the effect of intermediate variables and the sustained mental involvement of the tourists has a positive and significant effect on the intention of international tourists’ re-visitation with effect and without intermediary variables. In fact, revisiting Tehran as a tourism destination requires considering brand awareness, brand image, destination brand quality, loyalty to the destination brand and sustainable tourism engagement. These factors are interconnected and their effect on domestic tourists is different from foreign tourists. Therefore, marketing and branding strategies for domestic tourists should be different from branding for international tourists.
Mehrnaz Alizadeh; roozbeh mirzaei; Philip Pearce
Abstract
lthough much research has been done on destination branding, the study of destination personality remains limited. The purpose of this study is to investigate the destination personality of Iran and to examine the relationship between destination personality and behavioral intentions of international ...
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lthough much research has been done on destination branding, the study of destination personality remains limited. The purpose of this study is to investigate the destination personality of Iran and to examine the relationship between destination personality and behavioral intentions of international tourists using the Aaker model (1997). The statistical population of this study is Iran’s international inbound tourists. The research questionnaire was distributed randomly among sample members. From a total of 420 questionnaires, 407 questionnaires were analyzed. The findings of the exploratory factor analysis and multivariate regression analysis indicate that tourists ascribe personality characteristics to destinations and that the perceived destination personality of Iran in the eyes of international tourists has three dimensions: hospitality and culture, sincerity, and vibrant.
Saied Saieda Ardakani; Amirreza konjkav monfared; Farzaneh Zarabkhaneh
Abstract
Tourists' experience of a tourism destination brand is the basis of many of their behavioral consequences. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of tourism destination brand experience on tourist citizenship behaviors with Emphasis on the role of three variables: passion, commitment, and attitude ...
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Tourists' experience of a tourism destination brand is the basis of many of their behavioral consequences. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of tourism destination brand experience on tourist citizenship behaviors with Emphasis on the role of three variables: passion, commitment, and attitude of tourism destination brand has been investigated. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of research method. The statistical population of this study was domestic tourists in Isfahan, from which 182 people were selected as a sample, and the necessary data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires. The results of data analysis using P.L.S. software have shown that the experience of the tourism destination brand has a positive and significant effect on the enthusiasm, attitude, and commitment of the tourism destination brand. The results also show that the commitment and attitude of the tourism destination brand have a direct and significant effect on the citizenship behavior of the tourism destination brand, while the brand enthusiasm has a direct impact on the citizenship behavior of tourists both directly and through the commitment and attitude of the tourism destination brand. In addition, the results showed that the enthusiasm of the tourism destination brand had the greatest impact on the citizenship behavior of tourists compared to the other two variables
Davood Kia Kojori; Seyyed Mohammad Mirtaghiyan Roudsary
Volume 8, Issue 23 , November 2013, , Pages 97-129
Abstract
Travel for Treatment and Recovery is one of the most important of tourism objectives. Preventive tourism is one of the branches of health tourism, which in it, traveling is done so that it can use for natural resources with porpuse on it that it can prevent physical and mental problems. This study, is ...
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Travel for Treatment and Recovery is one of the most important of tourism objectives. Preventive tourism is one of the branches of health tourism, which in it, traveling is done so that it can use for natural resources with porpuse on it that it can prevent physical and mental problems. This study, is formed by based on strategic planning process and offering techniques, with the main porpuse of identifying and Prioritizing of appropriate strategies of Ramsar’s minral water springs.this study is applied, based on conclusion and it is descriptive-case, terms of nature of study and it is non- experimental- survey according to feature of study of Experimental and non-experimental. Implement of collection of data, had been questionaires with reliability coefficient 0.8 and statistical society of this study, constituted of a total of 45 from experts, officials and local experts in the tourism field of Ramsar. To determine the sample size, because of statistic, all of the statistical society, those are 45 people; they are used for a sample. Result of internal factors evaluation(IFE) matrix (3.62) and External factors evaluation(EFE) matrix (3.51), was outcome and with using SWOT, were determined the four strategies and using Internal External(IE) matrix were determined strategic location of Ramsar mineral water springs tourism. The results of the study imply that, by reason of the internal external matrix situation, aggressive- development strategy is the most appropriate of practices and performance effective management, and also, Were presented aggressive- development strategy in the form of Conclusions and practical suggestions by the use of a quantitative matrix of strategic planning (QSPM), that can be improve aggressive position of the Ramsar spas tourism.
Zohreh Dehdashti Shahrokh
Abstract
Today, businesses desire to be managed by data driven marketing, in this way, many of them need useful data and of course they need methods for accurate data analysis, text mining is one of the new data analysis techniques used to analyze textual data, textual data For many years, they have remained ...
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Today, businesses desire to be managed by data driven marketing, in this way, many of them need useful data and of course they need methods for accurate data analysis, text mining is one of the new data analysis techniques used to analyze textual data, textual data For many years, they have remained unused for many reasons, such as large volume and worthlessness or lack of tools for analysis, while these data can provide relevant information from existing trends. In this research, we aimed to investigate the content structure of the Journal of Tourism Management Studies from the Institute of Technology and reviewed the articles published in this research journal from the beginning of 1382 to the end of 1397. Approximately 70 journals containing approximately 250 articles, including 43,100 words that included more than 100,000 times, were analyzed, and the study areas of this quartet in the last 15 years reported.
Rasol Heidari Soreshjani; Sedighe Kiani Salmi; Hoda Basereh
Abstract
Determining the tourist destination villages and paying special attention to these villages is one of the policies of the country's tourism authorities. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and prioritize the tourist destination villages of Karaj using multi-criteria decision-making techniques ...
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Determining the tourist destination villages and paying special attention to these villages is one of the policies of the country's tourism authorities. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and prioritize the tourist destination villages of Karaj using multi-criteria decision-making techniques such as TOPSIS, VIKOR, Entropy, SAW, ELECTRE and finalizing the options using the Borda technique. This is an applied research and in terms of the methodology it is descriptive-analytical research. The statistical population of the study consisted of 15 specialist, experts, tourism planners and experts from the cultural heritage, handicrafts and tourism department of Alborz province. After determining 12 criteria and 67 sub-criteria for prioritizing 14 tourist destination villages in Karaj, three villages were selected as the first priority of tourism development. The results of the study showed that the villages of Gachsar, Atashgah, and Velayatrood have better conditions for tourism development respectively, and other villages are in the next priorities. The Kalha village is in the last rank (priority 14).
Fatemeh Kazemiyeh; Asma Eidi
Abstract
Tourism and the environment are interdependent. For this reason, tourism development and management are key factors in achieving sustainable development. This study aimed to evaluate tourism's environmental sustainability in the target villages of East Azerbaijan province. This research is a survey in ...
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Tourism and the environment are interdependent. For this reason, tourism development and management are key factors in achieving sustainable development. This study aimed to evaluate tourism's environmental sustainability in the target villages of East Azerbaijan province. This research is a survey in terms of practical purpose and in terms of how to collect data. The study's statistical population was the heads of households in four villages targeted for tourism in East Azerbaijan province (N = 819). Using the Krejcie-Morgan table, the statistical sample size of 265 people was calculated. The proportional stratified sampling method was used to obtain a statistical sample in each of the selected villages. To achieve the purpose of the research, in the first stage, the indicators of environmental sustainability of tourism were identified using an integrated method. Based on the two indicators, resource conservation and biodiversity and management and environmental policies were determined with 29 indicators. In the second stage, using the radar model, the overall environmental sustainability of tourism in the target villages of East Azerbaijan province was assessed. The results showed that the studied villages generally have a moderate level of environmental sustainability. Among the villages as case studies, the highest environmental sustainability score, equal to 0.585, belonged to Totehkhaneh village, and the lowest score, equal to 0.369, belonged to Kandovan village.IntroductionTourism and the environment are interdependent. For this reason, tourism development and management are critical factors in achieving sustainable development compatible with the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out all programs, including tourism, based on recognizing and evaluating the environment's potential to preserve both the natural values and the proper and continuous use of the environment. This study aimed to evaluate tourism's environmental sustainability in the target villages of East Azerbaijan province. Given the current situation and since nature is one of the most important resources in rural tourism and the destruction of nature is a threat to sustainable tourism in a destination, this study aims to assess the environmental sustainability of tourism in target villages. It was an East Azarbaijan province, and efforts were made to study and evaluate the environmental dimension of rural tourism. It is hoped that the results of this study will be helpful in the protection of rural natural resources and their preservation for the future and reduce the destructive effects of tourism in these areas and ultimately lead to sustainable tourism development and sustainable rural development in rural areas.Materials and MethodsThis research is a survey in terms of practical purpose and in terms of how to collect data. The study's statistical population was the heads of households in four villages targeted for tourism in East Azerbaijan province (N = 819). Using the Krejcie-Morgan table, the statistical sample size of 265 people was calculated. The proportional stratified sampling method was used to obtain a statistical sample in each of the selected villages. To achieve the purpose of the research, in the first stage, the indicators of environmental sustainability of tourism were identified using an integrated method. Based on the two indicators, resource conservation and biodiversity and management and environmental policies were identified with 29 indicators. In the second stage, using the radar model, the overall environmental sustainability of tourism in the target villages of East Azerbaijan province was assessed.Discussion and ResultsThe results showed that the studied villages generally have a moderate level of environmental sustainability. Among the studied villages, the highest environmental sustainability score, equal to 0.585, belonged to Totehkhaneh village, and the lowest score, equal to 0.369, belonged to Kandovan village. The environmental situation in Kandavan village is the most unstable of all, Among the studied villages; Where the oldest village in terms of tourism and the most number of incoming tourists, and has relatively more suitable tourism facilities and services. There indicates insufficient attention to this village's environment and the vulnerability of physical environments and its historical and natural monuments and attractions.ConclusionsAs noted, it can be concluded that the sustainable development of tourism in terms of policy, management, and planning is not yet in a good position, and the opportunities for tourism to develop this village have not been appropriately exploited. In the face of its threats, they have been realized in different areas and in some cases. According to field studies, the target villages are faced with many challenges and issues in the field of environmental and natural issues. This issue is fully seen in the situation of Kandovan village. Although tourism in this village has developed, its environmental damage is more obvious compared to tourism capabilities. Therefore, to solve the existing problems, it is necessary to review the programs and executive policies by considering the principles of sustainable tourism development in the province. Based on the results of the present study, the following solutions are presented, which can be effective in the sustainability of environmental resources in the tourism target villages of East Azerbaijan province. The solutions are: Increasing the level of awareness and knowledge of the general public, especially the indigenous youth active in the field of tourism, towards the environment and how to protect the capital and natural attractions of the village through training and holding orientation classes on related organizations, development Advertising programs, local public media, and publications are some of the strategies that can be effective in sustaining the natural environment of the target villages. Also, considering that most people currently use social networks, the potential of these networks can be used to the fullest, and through that sense of responsibility and environmental knowledge of the host and guest community affected. Therefore, it is suggested that the clips and purposeful and scientific training be prepared with the cooperation of the experts of the Environmental Protection and Tourism Organization and adapted to the language (in Turkish in the study area). The culture of the areas to be used. Illiterate and illiterate people should also be included. Therefore, it is necessary to take the required planning and measures.
Mehdi Ebrahimi; Mehdi Karroubi; Zohreh Mohammadi
Volume 9, Issue 26 , July 2014, , Pages 103-123
Abstract
within hotels. This paper aims to estimate the competitive intelligencematurity within Yazd hotels based on its final function. The project isempirically based and is characterized by exploratory approach. Aquestionnaire-oriented survey covering 56 managers of Yazd 3 and 4star hotels as samples was conducted ...
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within hotels. This paper aims to estimate the competitive intelligencematurity within Yazd hotels based on its final function. The project isempirically based and is characterized by exploratory approach. Aquestionnaire-oriented survey covering 56 managers of Yazd 3 and 4star hotels as samples was conducted to collect data for the study .Thefindings revealed that CI factors in hotel can be best examined bytechnology intelligence, social and strategic intelligence, marketingand commerce intelligence and competitors intelligence. The findingsindicate that Yazd hotels CI maturity is above the average and in agood condition. Also all of the CI factors maturity was estimatedabove the average. The study provides empirical evidence that CIactivities in 4 star hotels rather than 3 star hotels got better scores.Finally it was shown that in these hotels the focus of the managementis more on inside CI activities than outside one. There are somelimitations; first, the hotels chosen for the study were mainly 3 and 4star hotels; second, this survey was limited to one city of Iran. Thus,the results may not be applicable to all hotels
Reza Malmir; Hamed Dehghanan
Abstract
The importance of establishing good relations between host communities and tourists due to the encounter of tourists with different customs and cultures has led to the emergence of global codes of ethics for tourism. Therefore, by following the ten principles of the universal codes of ethics of tourism, ...
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The importance of establishing good relations between host communities and tourists due to the encounter of tourists with different customs and cultures has led to the emergence of global codes of ethics for tourism. Therefore, by following the ten principles of the universal codes of ethics of tourism, the satisfaction of tourists will increase and it also brings the most effective type of advertising; the word of mouth, for the host communities. Due to the importance of the topics mentioned in the tourism industry, the present study examines the effects of tourism universal codes of ethics on satisfaction, as well as the effect of their satisfaction on the word of mouth advertising of incoming tourists of Iran. In terms of the purpose this is an applied research and in terms of the data collection method, this is of survey-correlation type. To this end, with regard to the unlimited statistical population, 384 foreign tourists in Iran were selected by random sampling. Using the standard questionnaire, the opinions of these people were reviewed and analyzed using structural equation techniques in SPSS and Lisrel software. The results of data processing indicate the status of satisfaction of tourists with the implementation of global codes of ethics of tourism. And also the positive impact of improving the status of global codes of ethics on the increased satisfaction of tourists was confirmed. It was also shown that the satisfaction of tourists has a positive and significant effect on word of mouth advertising.
leyla vosoughi
Volume 3, Issue 10 , November 2005, , Pages 105-128
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is, to introduce dark tourism as a type of tourism which is growing increasingly in the world tourism markets. While a great deal of tourism researches contemplate the marketing and consumption of pleasant diversion in pleasant places ,a number of authors have begun to explore ...
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The purpose of this paper is, to introduce dark tourism as a type of tourism which is growing increasingly in the world tourism markets. While a great deal of tourism researches contemplate the marketing and consumption of pleasant diversion in pleasant places ,a number of authors have begun to explore the antithesis of such creeds, the
Sara ilchi; amirsalar vanaki; mesbah seivandian
Abstract
Social media plays an important role in many aspects of tourism, especially in information retrieval, decision making, tourism promotion, and customer interaction. Due to the growing number of published researches in the field of social media and tourism, the purpose of this research is to analyze the ...
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Social media plays an important role in many aspects of tourism, especially in information retrieval, decision making, tourism promotion, and customer interaction. Due to the growing number of published researches in the field of social media and tourism, the purpose of this research is to analyze the publication trend and conduct a bibliometric analysis of the research published in this field. For this purpose, the information of 1054 articles published in the Web of Science from 2009 to 2020 is analyzed. In this research, two levels of analysis are discussed. At the first level, the publication trend and the impact of authors, journals, and articles are examined. At the second level, the structure of co-occurrence network of keywords and co-authorship network of authors, institutions, and countries are analyzed. The results of this study show that the use of social media in various sectors of tourism has increased in recent years.
Tourism planning
Fatemeh Shekari
Abstract
Although the research on religious tourism experiences has increased in recent years, and given that most of the studies have been focused on the spiritual aspect of these experiences, there still needs to be more knowledge about the multiple attributes of religious tourists’ experiences. Therefore, ...
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Although the research on religious tourism experiences has increased in recent years, and given that most of the studies have been focused on the spiritual aspect of these experiences, there still needs to be more knowledge about the multiple attributes of religious tourists’ experiences. Therefore, the current study aims to provide an “integrated and multifaceted conceptual framework of religious tourists’ experiences” using a systematic literature review and deductive thematic analysis. The search was conducted on June 12, 2023. The PRISMA procedure identified fifty-three relevant articles ranging from 2006 to 2022. Based on the findings, the multifaceted religious tourists’ experiences can include cognitive, emotional, physical, relational, recovery, spiritual, transformative, and behavioral facets. The findings can extend the literature and benefit managers, planners, and destination marketing organizations in designing religious tourism experiences to enhance visitors’ satisfaction and destination competitiveness.Introduction In the 21st century, religious tourism and pilgrimages are critical components of the travel and tourism market (Albayrak et al., 2018). Bibliometric studies reveal the exponential growth of religious tourism studies in the last decade. Due to religious tourism’s benefits, destinations need to understand religious tourists' experiences to enhance destination competitiveness and attract these tourists. However, religious tourism experience is an emerging topic in the literature (Collins-Kreiner, 2020), and scant studies have been conducted on this topic (Bond et al., 2015). Also, most of the research has focused on the spiritual aspect and ignored other aspects to a large extent. Meanwhile, managers of religious sites should offer a holistic experience that embraces spiritual and non-spiritual complementary aspects (Durán-Sánchez et al., 2018). Considering the importance of understanding the religious tourists' experience and the inadequate studies in this field, especially the lack of comprehensive frameworks that include multiple aspects of the religious tourists’ experiences (Kim et al., 2020), the present study has systematically reviewed the literature to provide an “integrated, multifaceted religious tourism experience conceptual framework” and extends literature in this field.Materials nd MethodsThe present research employed a systematic literature review. Scopus was chosen as the database as it is the largest multidisciplinary database in social sciences (Aria et al., 2020). Also, compared to the Web of Science, it has a broader coverage of tourism journals (Lin & Rasoolimanesh, 2022). The search was conducted on June 12, 2023. The PRISMA procedure identified fifty-three relevant articles ranging from 2006 to 2022. The deductive thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) was done to determine the aspects and components of the religious tourists’ experience based on the “orchestra model” (Pearce & Mohammadi, 2021) and the “multifaceted conceptual framework of tourist experience” (Packer & Ballantyne, 2016).Discussion and ResultsBased on the findings, the “integrated, multifaceted framework of religious tourists’ experiences” includes cognitive, affective, physical, relational, restorative, spiritual, transformative, and behavioral facets, each includes the following aspects:Cognitive: reflection, learning or discovering, perceived authenticity, perception of setting attributes, mental engagement, and rememberingAffective: joy, awe or wonder, attachment, hope, pride, discontentPhysical: sensory engagement, bodily engagement, or challengeRelational: social interaction and sharing, communitasRestorative: peacefulness or relaxation, escape, nourishment, freedomSpiritual: spiritual connection, religiousness or closeness to God or sacred people, communion with nature, purificationTransformative: self-growth or fulfillment, liminality or flow, identity constructionBehavioral: religious site or ritual-specific (religious), non-religious (touristic) ConclusionsTheoretically, this research attempted to provide a multifaceted perspective of the religious tourists’ experience, employing a systematic literature review. Therefore, it has presented the most recent overview of the topic and identified the theories used, methodologies, study context, and experience attributes. By providing an “integrated, multifaceted conceptual framework of the religious tourist experience,” the present study contributes to extending the literature. This research used the existing frameworks to categorize the attributes of experience. It also added new facets and components. Three facets, namely restorative, spiritual, and transformative, can be added to the “orchestra model of tourist experience” (Pearce & Mohammadi, 2021). Also, the religious tourism-related components of communitas (relational), hope (affective), religiousness or closeness to God or sacred people, communion with nature, purification (spiritual), and liminality or flow (transformative) were added. Other components were also included that may be helpful to describe more general tourism experiences: perceived authenticity and mental engagement (cognitive), self-expression and social acceptance (relational), and identity construction (transformative). This framework needs to be more comprehensive, and future research may add other facets and components. The findings can extend the literature and benefit managers, planners, and destination marketing organizations in designing religious tourism experiences to enhance visitors' satisfaction and destination competitiveness. Finally, study limitations and future research directions are proposed, including cross-cultural studies to compare results and enhance the generalizability of the findings, examining the proposed framework in various religious destinations contexts, paying more attention to Muslim religious tourists’ experiences, considering the role of information and communication technologies, and investigating the interactions of the framework components.
Hadi Rafiei Darani; Javad Barati
Volume 9, Issue 25 , April 2014, , Pages 106-141
Abstract
Investment is a highly important economic variable that its increase or decrease can be a main cause of boom or recession in different economic sectors. It is also considered one of the most fundamental push factors in developing economic sectors. Tourism industry has a big share in Khorasan Razavi Province’s ...
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Investment is a highly important economic variable that its increase or decrease can be a main cause of boom or recession in different economic sectors. It is also considered one of the most fundamental push factors in developing economic sectors. Tourism industry has a big share in Khorasan Razavi Province’s revenues. This papers aims to evaluate the impacts of tourism invesment on employment levels. In doing so, the study made use of an updated input – output (IO) table of Khorasan Razavi Province, and RAS method to develop and update the IO table. Results demonstrate that a one percent increase in the tourism investment (in Hotels and Restaurants), generates as many as 15,316 employment opportunites in the overal economy of the province, out of which 534 jobs are directly in tourism sector (equivalent to 3.5 % of total employment). The employment resulted from a one percent increase in the value-added of tourism, reflects a 58 percent share of employment in tourism sector and 42 percent in other activities.
Adel Salavati; Mojtaba Rostami noroozabad; Saman Rahmani noroozabad
Volume 8, Issue 21 , April 2013, , Pages 107-143
Abstract
The Purpose of the Current Study is to examine the Relationship between Ethics and Social Responsibility in the Hotel Industry. To investigate this Relationship, Human Resource Management, Community Involvement and Environmental Performance Inspired by Huimin and Ryan Study (2001) Were Chosen as Mediator ...
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The Purpose of the Current Study is to examine the Relationship between Ethics and Social Responsibility in the Hotel Industry. To investigate this Relationship, Human Resource Management, Community Involvement and Environmental Performance Inspired by Huimin and Ryan Study (2001) Were Chosen as Mediator variables. As a tool for data collection the Standard Questionnaire adopted by Gu Huimin and Chris Ryan was employed. Statistical Population of This Research was composed of all Sanandaj Hotels, and the sample population included 90 Cases of Senior Executives, Managers and Supervisors of These hotels who were randomly selected. To Examine the Relationships between Variables, Structural Equation Modeling Technique and LISREL Software were used. Indicators such as RMSEA, GFI and AGFI Demonstrated That the Results are Meaningful and Usable. Accordingly, Our Results Suggested a Positive and Significant Relationship Between Professional Ethics and Human Resource Management, Community Involvement and Environmental Performance. This Relationship was also observed With the Social Responsibility of the organization
Esfandiar MOhamadi; Zahra Rezaee; Milad Ahmadi
Volume 10, Issue 30 , June 2015, , Pages 107-127
Saeed Shafia; Mahdie Sabaghpour Azarian
Abstract
Today’s Human is trapped in materialistic and physical changes, this fact has made him sick of repetition and routine Today’s Human is trapped in materialistic and physical changes, this fact hasmade him sick of repetition and routine flow of life, this is while the twodimensions of ...
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Today’s Human is trapped in materialistic and physical changes, this fact has made him sick of repetition and routine Today’s Human is trapped in materialistic and physical changes, this fact hasmade him sick of repetition and routine flow of life, this is while the twodimensions of spirituality and physical aspect are inseparable from humanbeing, but seems like spirituality is being more and more ignored thus human isseeking for the meanings and values to free himself of perplexity. Tourism as aphenomenon is being known as a means of searching for meaning of being.Modern Tourists differ from the traditional travellers, their curiosity conveysthem to seek, realize and reach to the level of awareness. Thus far, it isundeniable that the huge number of studies had been focused on economic andmonetary impacts of tourism and less attended to the spiritual concepts of it.This qualitative research investigates on re-defining and clarifying of thespirituality concept through tourism and complements the achievements byanalyzing the English and Persian literature aligning with interviews of expertsin this field. The results of the research illustrate the tourism influence on theexpansion of spiritual aspects in tourists’ lives and the conceptual frameworkclassifies the findings through main factors and sub factors of spirituality intourism
