Tourism Management Studies

Identifying the key factors of rural tourism in Heris city

Hossein koohestani; Fatemeh Kazemiyeh; Amir Ali Vazifeh

Volume 18, Issue 63 , September 2023, , Pages 73-104

https://doi.org/10.22054/tms.2023.73232.2836

Abstract

Rural tourism is a part of the tourism market and a source of employment and income, and it can be considered an essential tool for the economic, social, and ecological development of rural communities. The leading research based on the need for long-term planning in the field of rural tourism in Heris ... Read More Rural tourism is a part of the tourism market and a source of employment and income, and it can be considered an essential tool for the economic, social, and ecological development of rural communities. The leading research based on the need for long-term planning in the field of rural tourism in Heris City, which is one of the most susceptible regions in the country in attracting rural tourism with various factors, is trying to reach a convincing answer to the question that the key and influencing factors on the future development of rural tourism in the city. Where is Heris? Based on the purpose, this is an applied study, and in terms of its nature and method, it is a descriptive-analytical study based on a prospective approach. Data collection tools included the use of (library) documents and interviews. To calculate validity, content and form validity methods and techniques were used. The reliability rate for "structural effects analysis" was 0.82. The panel of respondents consisted of 30 university professors and planning and development experts. This study identified 21 variables as primary factors and analyzed them with MicMac software. To determine the key drivers effective on the rural tourism approach of Heris City, based on the results of two methods, including "rank of variables in each mode" and "the total effect of variables in all modes," the key and effective factors were selected, which are "use of culture and rural art in presenting designs" and "paying attention to all levels and strata of society in presenting designs."IntroductionMany development planners and policymakers refer to the tourism industry as the central pillar of sustainable development. Rural tourism is also considered a part of the tourism industry, which can play an influential role in developing these areas. As a result, proper planning and identifying the advantages and limitations of rural tourism, will achieve national development and diversification of the national economy. Leading research based on the need for long-term planning in the field of rural tourism in Heris City, which, with various factors, is one of the most susceptible regions in the country in attracting rural tourism, and due to its brilliant historical background and the presence of diverse weather, the scenic attractions have the ability to develop rural tourism. However, due to incorrect planning, it has yet to be successful in this field. According to the stated contents, the present research is trying to reach a convincing answer to the question of the key and influencing factors on the future development of rural tourism in Heris County.Materials and MethodsIn terms of the purpose, this is applied research, and in terms of the nature and method, it is of descriptive-analytical type, based on the prospective approach from the time dimension. According to the existing studies, the methods of obtaining information in the field of economic-social studies can be categorized in different ways. Based on the research objectives, data collection methods, and tools, including using documents, library documents, and interviews. To calculate validity, content and form validity methods and techniques were used so that it was accompanied by the guidance of scholars in this field to determine how well the questions represent the content and objectives of the research. Cronbach's alpha method was used to measure the reliability of the research questionnaire. According to each section, the questionnaire was provided to professors and experts in the mentioned field, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated in SPSS software. The reliability level for "structural effects analysis" is 0.82. The panel of respondents consists of 30 university professors in the fields of rural and urban planning, regional planning and tourism, social sciences, and economics, as well as planning and development experts, including experts from the Nomadic Affairs Organization, Sports and Youth Administration, Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization, East Azarbaijan province, and Heris city. The present study identified 21 variables as primary factors and analyzed data with MicMac software. In the cross matrix, the sum of the row numbers of each factor, the amount of influence, and the column sums of each factor shows the influence from other factors.Discussion and ResultsThe number of 21 influencing variables on rural tourism development in Heris County was selected using the panel interview session. Then, by forming a 21 x 21 matrix, the effects of each index on the other were identified with the number zero to three using the mutual effects analysis method. Then, the matrix results were entered into MicMac software and analyzed to extract the drivers. To structurally analyze the mutual effects of factors on each other, a 21x21 matrix was formed. The filling degree of the matrix is 92.063%, which shows that the selected factors had a large and scattered effect on each other, and in fact, the system was in an unstable state. Out of 385 relationships that can be evaluated in this matrix, 35 relationships are zero, meaning that the factors did not influence on or were not influenced by each other. Eighty-seven relationships have been established on number one, 157 on number two, and 162 on number three.Conclusions What can be understood from the state of the dispersion plane of the effective variables is the state of instability of the system. Most of the variables are scattered around the diagonal axis of the plane. Except for a few limited factors that show that they have a high impact on the system, the rest of the variables have almost the same status. To determine the key drivers effective on the rural tourism approach of Heris City, based on the results of two methods including "rank of variables in each of the states" and "total impact of variables in all states," the key and effective factors have been selected as follows. Utilizing rural culture and art in presenting plans; Attention to all levels and strata of society in presenting plans; Emphasizing intellectual independence and not imitating foreign models in the design of rural tourism projects; Looking at rural tourists as cultural ambassadors; Designing suitable spaces for holding ceremonies and traditional rituals using cultural symbols (designing cultural routes for tourists); and introducing the projects done on different sites in different languages.Therefore, the vital and effective drivers that can be pointed out in this research for the planning approach of rural tourism development in Heris are the factors that emphasize all the studied aspects of the subject.

Defining the Profile of Noruz Tourists in Mazandaran Province; A Pathological Approach

hamid zargham; moslem shojaee

Volume 3, Issue 9 , August 2005, , Pages 74-90

Abstract

Domestic tourism, with so many negative and positive social, cultural, economic and environmental impacts, is important part of internal travels. Studying tourists' attitudes, motivations and behaviors in destinations is very significant in identifying these impacts and contributes greatly to enhancing ... Read More

Identifying the Elements of the Experience of Local Food in Tourism

Zohre Dehdashti Shahrokh; pedram jahedi

Volume 16, Issue 54 , June 2021, , Pages 75-94

https://doi.org/10.22054/tms.2021.12788

Abstract

IntroductionRelying on the distinctive aspects of tourism destinations is a prerequisite for success in the tourism market. Local food and local food culture are typical factors and lasting competitive advantages For tourism destinations because of emulating-oriented problems. The experience of eating ... Read More IntroductionRelying on the distinctive aspects of tourism destinations is a prerequisite for success in the tourism market. Local food and local food culture are typical factors and lasting competitive advantages For tourism destinations because of emulating-oriented problems. The experience of eating local food and learning about local food culture in tourism is not a new phenomenon. Still, in recent years the competition in the tourism market has increased its importance. In practice, there are very successful examples of the application of local food tourism in the form of cooking festivals around the world, while not much research has been done in this field (Ellis, 2018). This study aims to identify the elements involved in creating the desired experience in eating local food tourism.MethodThe statistical population of this study is the members of the customer club of a tourism agency located in Tehran, and the sampling method is non-random; the sample size includes two hundred people. This study used the memory-work method for research on elements of desirable local food tourism. The memory-work process has three steps. In the first step, data were collected with an open-ended question: "Briefly describe your most desirable eating local food experience while traveling" (Stone et al., 2018). At this step, respondents must meet four preconditions. These four prerequisites include Narrating a story about a question, narrating in the third person, going into detail, and describing experiences (Crawford et al., 1992); In the second step, coding of the text of the stories must be done. Coding is done to identify the main elements of the subject; And in the third step, the specified components are divided into several categories (Onyx & Small, 2001).ResultsFindings showed that desirable local food tourism elements are divided into three categories: food-related, related to people, and related to the place. Among the identified elements related to food, three elements of fresh food, natural food, and various foods to describe the raw materials used in cooking local food, well-matured food elements to explain how to cook local food. Two elements of hot food and A traditional dish are used to describe how local food is served. Three elements of meat taste, familiar taste, and old taste have been used to describe the taste of the desirable experience of eating local food in tourism. Two elements of rice and bread smell have been used to describe the scent of desirable experience of eating local food in tourism.Regarding the type of food, dairy products are mentioned, directly and indirectly, meat, rice, and bread are mentioned. Among the identified elements related to people, the three elements of ethnicity, ancestors, and acquaintances with the highest repetition rate express a sense of belonging due to past regret in human relationships in the desirable experience of local food tourism. The three elements of friends, spouse, and children describe the sense of belonging that comes from familiarity in human relationships in the desirable experience of local food tourism. The two elements of locals and new people also describe the sense of excitement of meeting new people in human relations in the desirable experience of local food tourism. The element of intimacy indicates the type of relationship that people want in the desired experience of local food tourism. Among the identified elements related to the place: Nature landscape describes visual pleasure; fresh air describes olfactory pleasure; two elements of rain and animal sounds, specifically birds' voice, describe auditory delight; and three elements of rain, cold weather describe tactile pleasure in the desired experience of eating local food in tourism. The six elements of the local house are the table, the rain, the mountains, the forest, and the desert to describe the desirable experience of spending local food on tourism.ConclusionsDue to the climatic diversity of Iran and the diversity of local food culture in Iran, it is expected to identify a wide and scattered range of elements related to the desired experience of local food tourism. The results showed that despite the climatic diversity and regional food culture diversity in Iran, Iranians have very similar ideas about the desired experience of eating local food tourism. The potential to use local food in Creating a sustainable competitive advantage for tourism destinations should be considered by activists in the tourism industry, Due to the climatic diversity of Iran, diversity in the preparation of raw materials, variety in cooking local food in different parts of Iran, and the existence of relatively independent food cultures there.

The Effect of Perception of Covid-19 and Satisfaction of Psychological Need on the Entrepreneurial Intention of Tourism Students with the Mediating Role of Proactiveness and Optimism

Mostafa Mohammadi; Morteza Khazaei Pul; Amir khazaei pul

Volume 17, Issue 59 , September 2022, , Pages 75-114

https://doi.org/10.22054/tms.2022.67627.2714

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the perception of covid-19 on the entrepreneurial intention of tourism students with respect to the mediating role of the two factors of proactiveness and optimism. The statistical population of this study included all students and graduates of the ... Read More The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the perception of covid-19 on the entrepreneurial intention of tourism students with respect to the mediating role of the two factors of proactiveness and optimism. The statistical population of this study included all students and graduates of the master's degree in tourism management of Maziar Institute of Higher Education in Royan in two majors of planning and marketing. Due to the epidemic disease situation and lack of face-to-face access to the statistical population, an electronic questionnaire was used on social networks with convenience sampling. Thus, 200 questionnaires without defects were collected, and the structural equation method with PLS software was used to analyze the data. Findings indicated that perception of Covid-19 did not directly affect students' entrepreneurial intent, but the mediating role of optimism in this regard was confirmed. The results also showed that the satisfaction of students' psychological needs directly and significantly affects students' entrepreneurial intention indirectly through optimism. On the other hand, the results showed that optimism about the future situation is a key factor in strengthening the entrepreneurial intent of tourism students, which can reduce the negative effect of the perception of Covid-19. IntroductionEntrepreneurship is a determining factor for economic and social development. Covid-19 is a severe disease caused by a new type of coronavirus first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The virus spread rapidly around the world. In the field of entrepreneurship literature, the entrepreneurial intention is considered to be the essential prerequisite for creating a business. Many researchers point out that satisfying or not satisfying basic psychological needs depends on the environment in which one lives. Perceptions of the epidemic can affect people's entrepreneurial intent by mentally perceiving risk, limiting positive behaviors, and neutralizing the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. Universities have also taken a step in this direction, and by adopting measures, they have tried to implement the indicators of an entrepreneurial university. They have tried to strengthen and lead students toward entrepreneurship by presenting various programs. Maziar Higher Education Institute, as the second center offering a master's degree in tourism in both planning and marketing in Mazandaran province, also pays serious attention to this issue and seeks to strengthen itself, students, and graduates towards entrepreneurial skills. Therefore, this study aims to identify the effects of the perception of COVID-19 and to satisfy the psychological needs of tourism students regarding their entrepreneurial intent with respect to the two mediating factors of proactiveness and optimism.Materials and MethodsThe present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of this research includes all students and graduates of the master's degree program in tourism management of Maziar Institute of Higher Education in Royan in two directions of planning and marketing. Due to the researchers' access to the students of this university as the second center providing master's degree education in tourism management in Mazandaran province, this statistical population was considered for research. Because of the Covid-19 pandemic and the lack of face-to-face access of researchers to the statistical community, the electronic questionnaire was used on WhatsApp social networks as a private message and Instagram (with at least 209 members). This way, the questionnaire link was made available on social networks, and people were invited to answer the questionnaires. Thus, 200 questionnaires without defects were collected and used for analysis. The analysis method was based on structural equations with partial least squares using PLS software.Discussion and ResultsIn this research, eight hypotheses were developed. The hypotheses were tested on the data obtained from the master's degree students in the field of tourism management using related tests and the method of the structural equation using the partial least squares method. The results showed that the variables of psychological need satisfaction and optimism significantly affect students' entrepreneurial intention. However, according to the path coefficient and significant numbers obtained between the variable of perception of Covid-19 and proactiveness on entrepreneurial intention, perception of Covid-19 and proactiveness do not significantly affect students' entrepreneurial intention. The fifth hypothesis of the research is that the effect of perception of Covid-19 on entrepreneurial intention through the proactiveness mediator variable, therefore at the 95% confidence level, the effect of the proactiveness mediating variable on the relationship between perception of Covid-19 and entrepreneurial intention is not significant.Regarding the sixth hypothesis of the research, i.e., the effect of perception of Covid-19 on entrepreneurial intention through the optimistic mediator variable, at the 95% confidence level, the mediating effect of optimism on the relationship between perception of Covid-19 and entrepreneurial intention is significant. Regarding the seventh research hypothesis, i.e., the effect of psychological need satisfaction on students' entrepreneurial intention through the proactiveness variable, at a 95% confidence level, the effect of the proactiveness mediator variable on the relationship between psychological need satisfaction and entrepreneurial intention is not significant. Regarding the eighth hypothesis of the research, i.e., the effect of psychological need satisfaction on students' entrepreneurial intention through the mediating variable of optimism, at a 95% confidence level, the mediating effect of optimism on the relationship between psychological need satisfaction and entrepreneurial intention is significant.ConclusionsPresently, students do not have a negative perception of Covid-19 and are somehow accustomed to it. According to the findings of the descriptive section, they often seek to establish their businesses, especially in the field of online businesses. On the other hand, the mediating role of optimism has a positive effect on the entrepreneurial process and increases the chances of success of a new company. Slowly Thus, although the perception of Covid-19 does not affect students' entrepreneurial intentions, if accompanied by their optimism for the future, it can enhance students' entrepreneurial intent in an epidemic situation and reduce the negative effect of the perception of Covid-19. If students' psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and communication) are adequately met, it can act as an accelerator of entrepreneurial activity and ultimately increase their entrepreneurial intention. In other words, if these needs are met, people are more likely to be consistently involved in entrepreneurial behavior. In fact, having an optimistic outlook on the future is an essential factor, especially in conditions of uncertainty, and it helps a lot to become an entrepreneur in this environment. Given the state of the Covid-19 epidemic, where unemployment is high and job opportunities are limited, entrepreneurship is a solution that can generate higher returns than other alternative employment opportunities. In fact, in a crisis, optimistic entrepreneurs are more likely to believe in the success of their actions and, therefore, more likely to start a new business. As a result, almost two years after the epidemic, e-commerce has created new opportunities that students are aware of and looking to start their online businesses for entrepreneurship.

Analytical Evaluation of Emerging Scientific Fields in Middle East Tourism Industry Using the Text Mining Algorithms

Iman Raeesi Vanani; Seyed Mohammad Jafar Jalali

Volume 13, Issue 43 , September 2018, , Pages 77-99

https://doi.org/10.22054/tms.2018.9448

Abstract

Tourism is an important industry from different aspects for government, industry, religious groups, anthropologists and tourists. The study of the scientific trend in the tourism sector can increase the knowledge of each group, and ultimately, promotes researchers' awareness of this area and appropriate ... Read More

An Investigation of Effect of Human Resource Management on Profitability in Isfahan City Hotels

amirhoseyn shariati; bita yazdani; fereshteh haghighat

Volume 3, Issue 10 , November 2005, , Pages 79-104

Abstract

Present article concentrates on investigation of the effective factors of human resource management on profitability in Isfahan city hotels. Factors such as 1 )human relations; 2)human resource planning; })education; 4)reward's system; 5)performance management; 6)performance evaluation;7)discipline ; ... Read More

Thematic networks of hotel guests experience by using text mining technique (Case: 4 star hotels in Tehran city)

Kobra Bakhshizade; Omid Soleymanzadeh; Mohsen Fakour Yousefabad

Volume 16, Issue 55 , September 2021, , Pages 79-104

https://doi.org/10.22054/tms.2021.56434.2424

Abstract

This study aimed to mapping the thematic networks of hotel guests experience by using text mining technique in 4 star hotel in Tehran city. This research has been done with a qualitative approach and is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection method. Research ... Read More

Influential Factors in Agritourism Development in Citrus Gardens: The Case of Coastal Provinces of the Caspian Sea

Maryam Mahmoudi; Mohammad Chizari; khalil kalantari; Abdolreza Roknadin Eftekhari

Volume 17, Issue 57 , March 2022, , Pages 79-111

https://doi.org/10.22054/tms.2021.33799.1975

Abstract

Introduction As one of the multifunctional agricultural strategies, agritourism refers to farming-related activities carried out on a working farm or other agricultural settings for recreational, tourism, and educational purposes (Arroyo et al., 2013). Despite the suitable conditions in the coastal ... Read More Introduction As one of the multifunctional agricultural strategies, agritourism refers to farming-related activities carried out on a working farm or other agricultural settings for recreational, tourism, and educational purposes (Arroyo et al., 2013). Despite the suitable conditions in the coastal provinces of the Caspian Sea, agritourism activities have not yet developed much in those areas. In this respect, the present study intended to investigate and identify the factors influencing the provision and development of tourism services by gardeners in the coastal provinces of the Caspian Sea, namely Golestan, Gilan, and Mazandaran. Materials and Methods The statistical population of this research included all multifunctional and monofunctional gardeners in Golestan, Gilan, and Mazandaran provinces. Using Cochran’s formula, the study calculated the sample size of monofunctional gardeners to be equal to 280 people (N=12004). A stratified random sampling method was to select the samples. Moreover, the research employed the estimation method since there was no valid data on the population size of gardeners providing agricultural tourism services (or multifunctional gardeners). For this purpose, the managers, officials, farmers, and village residents were interviewed, through which the statistical population of multifunctional gardeners was estimated to be 240 individuals. Using the Morgan sampling table, the study calculated the sample size to be 148 participants selected through convenience sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Cronbach’s alpha method was employed to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire. Considering the results of completing 30 pre-test questionnaires in Roknkola village located in Ghaemshahr city, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated to be higher than 0.7 for all sections of the questionnaire. Finally, the descriptive and inferential statistics (logistic regression test), done by SPSS software, were used to analyze the data. Results and Discussion This study showed that the relatively positive attitude of multifunctional gardeners providing agritourism services in their gardens towards agritourism whereas the monofunctional gardeners had a neutral perspective. The levels of knowledge and skills of monofunctional and multifunctional gardeners concerning agritourism development were moderate and high, respectively. According to the results, participation in entrepreneurship training courses, the level of knowledge and skills in agritourism development, entrepreneurial skills and spirit, and gardeners’ attitude towards agritourism explained 66.7 percent of the dependent variable (provision of agritourism). Conclusion According the research results, the two variables of age and income level did not significantly affect the prediction of the variable of acceptance and implementation of tourism businesses. In contrast, the farmers’ entrepreneurial knowledge and skills were found to be one of the variables influencing the acceptance and implementation of multifunctional agriculture and diversification of agricultural activities, including the provision of agritourism services. Hence, it is recommended that the entrepreneurial skills of farmers be strengthened as a creative and innovative response to environmental changes, including agricultural multifunctionality. Other recommendations are: Organizing appropriate training courses to strengthen farmers’ skills and entrepreneurial spirit using a balanced combination of human and technical communication skills; providing entrepreneurship education in school, vocational schools, and agricultural colleges in order to introduce and strengthen the concept and spirit of entrepreneurship; training the entrepreneurial workforce in cooperation with Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agricultural Jihad, and non-governmental organizations; establishing a system of incentives (esp. financial incentives) or subsidies for the farmers who have a specific business management plan; and providing financial and monetary funding for the projects with a prerequisite for entrepreneurship education.

Tourism and National–Ethnic Identities: A Bibliometric Analysis

Fatemeh Shekari

Volume 17, Issue 60 , January 2023, , Pages 79-115

https://doi.org/10.22054/tms.2023.71904.2797

Abstract

Tourism can both strengthen and undermine national–ethnic identities on the one hand, but on the other hand it can lead to their gradual disappearance. National–ethnic identities also pose a challenge to the rapid homogenization of cultures caused by globalization. In spite of more than five ... Read More Tourism can both strengthen and undermine national–ethnic identities on the one hand, but on the other hand it can lead to their gradual disappearance. National–ethnic identities also pose a challenge to the rapid homogenization of cultures caused by globalization. In spite of more than five decades of research on tourism and national–ethnic identity, there is a research gap given the lack of a comprehensive review of the literature. In this respect, the present study aimed to conduct a quantitative literature review using bibliometric analysis. In order to understand the social and conceptual structure of the research field, the study used VOSviewer_1.6.18 software to carry out performance analysis and science mapping of 383 documents indexed in the Scopus database. The findings indicate that in the last decade, heritage tourism (particularly among diaspora and immigrants), the representation of outbound tourists’ national–ethnic identity, and the representation of destinations’ national–ethnic identity through tourism were among the most popular research topics worthy of further consideration in future studies. Introduction Tourism can leave dual effects on national –ethnic identities. Not only can it strengthen the collective national–ethnic identities, but also as one of the drivers of cultural globalization, it can accelerate the disappearance of such identities. In addition, national–ethnic identity poses an obstacle to the rapid cultural homogenization caused by globalization. In spite of more than five decades of research on tourism and national–ethnic identity, there is a research gap given the lack of a comprehensive and systematic review of the literature. To address this gap, the present study aimed to conduct a quantitative literature review using bibliometric analysis. Materials and MethodsThe statistical population of the study consisted of documents in the field of national–ethnic identity and tourism that were indexed in the Scopus database. A systematic search in the Scopus database on December 23, 2021, resulted in 338 records, including journal articles, book chapters, and conference papers with national identity or ethnic identity and tourism in their title, abstract, or keywords. Performance analysis and science mapping using VOSviewer_1.6.18 software were conducted in order to identify the most influential documents, authors, sources, institutions, and countries, and also to understand the social and conceptual structure of the research field. Results and DiscussionThe results showed that research on national–ethnic identity and tourism has significantly increased since 1976, with the most of articles published in 2021. The most influential documents, in order of their normalized citations, were‏ Packer et al. (2019), Park (2010), Wang et al. (2021), and Zhang et al. (2018). The US, the UK, and Australia had the highest number of documents and citations. The most influential authors, in order of their normalized citations, were morais d.b., smith a., bhandari k., and palmer c. Performance analysis also revealed the most influential sources and institutions. Citation analysis could identify the relationships among the most influential publications, and co-authorship analysis revealed the social structure of the research field based on interactions among authors, institutions, and countries. Moreover, co-word analysis revealed the following three clusters: heritage tourism and national identity, ethnic identity, and immigration and cultural identity, which were categorized according to their themes. ConclusionThe findings showed that the last decade has witnessed an increase in the research on heritage tourism among diaspora and immigrants. Additionally, the representation of outbound tourists’ national–ethnic identity and the representation of destinations’ national–ethnic identity through tourism were among the most popular research topics worthy of further consideration in future studies.

Prioritization of the Aptitude of Archetypal Tourism Regions in the North East of Kermanshah Province, for Investment and

Gholamreza Noori; Zahra Taghizade

Volume 8, Issue 22 , June 2013, , Pages 80-107

Abstract

This research aims to prioritize the archetypaltourism regions situated on the Oramanat tourism pole in the North West of Kermanshah Province, based on their aptitude for investment. This study is an applied survey type research. Data were gathered through questionnaires and were analyzed using TOPSIS ... Read More

An Investigation of Tourism Impact on Qouri Qaleh Village

Edris Babakhanzadeh; Sedigheh Lotfi

Volume 7, Issue 20 , June 2011, , Pages 81-116

https://doi.org/10.22054/tms.2013.3983

Abstract

Rural tourism is one of the growing sectors in tourism industry thatcan play an important role in creating jobs, revitalizing rural life andpreserving various historical heritages of rural areas, and ultimatelyshaping an integrated and sustainable development. This paper aims toinvestigate the different ... Read More

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Estimated economic value of Taq Bostan using Contingent Choice Method

Abbas Azadi; Ali Emami Meibodi; Farhad Azadi; Mehdi Khaksar

Volume 9, Issue 26 , July 2014, , Pages 83-96

Abstract

In this paper we have calculated and measured, the value ofProtection Antiquities Tagh Bostan and average willingness to paypeople to visit this location using the Contingent Choice Methodselected Double-bounded Dichotomous choice (DDC) in summer1390.we has been used up logit model To measure willingness ... Read More

The Impact of Empowering Leaders on Hotel Services Improvement; the Mediating Role of Psychological Contracts and Knowledge Sharing

Volume 12, Issue 40 , January 2018, , Pages 83-114

https://doi.org/10.22054/tms.2018.14428.1404

Abstract

The present study is a descriptive-survey study with the aim of studying the improvement of hotel performance. It tries to investigate the role of empowering leadership, the realization of psychological contracts and the knowledge sharing behavior between employees and the relationship between these ... Read More

The Factors Affecting the Formation of the Destination Image from the Domestic Tourists’ Perspective

parviz mohamadzadeh; saeedeh samadzad

Volume 13, Issue 41 , June 2018, , Pages 83-107

https://doi.org/10.22054/tms.2018.18306.1507

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to investigate the key factors affecting the image formation of Tabriz city from the viewpoint of the local tourists who visited Tabriz. The main tool for collecting information is a questionnaire. To this end, 384 questionnaires were distributed by simple random sampling ... Read More

Analizing The Effect of the Organizational Capacity on the Competitiveness of Spa Tourism Destinations; Case Study: Sarein City

Mojtaba Javdan; Simin Tavallaei; Fatemeh Mehraban

Volume 16, Issue 56 , January 2022, , Pages 83-129

https://doi.org/10.22054/tms.2021.63304.2603

Abstract

The growing competitiveness and growth of the tourism industry have put tourism beneficiaries on the path of thinking and appropriate strategic and futuristic action to enhance the destination's competitiveness. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the impact of organizational capacity development components ... Read More The growing competitiveness and growth of the tourism industry have put tourism beneficiaries on the path of thinking and appropriate strategic and futuristic action to enhance the destination's competitiveness. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the impact of organizational capacity development components on the competitiveness of Sarein spa tourism destinations and, consequently, the research model is quantitative. The required initial data were collected based on a questionnaire tool and from a sample population of over 200 people in two chain methods (for experts of organizations and related services) and random (for tourists) in Sarein city. Findings indicated that from organizational capacity development, the components of leadership capacity, human resources and especially communication are weak. Also, from the viewpoint of competitiveness, apart from the appropriate conditions of the resource quality component, the other two components, namely destination management and the competitive performance component, are not suitable for promoting tourism development. Structural equation modelling demonstrated that the components of organizational capacity development have a positive and significant effect on the competitiveness of Sarein spa tourist destinations. Proving this effect can provide a new thematic context for the development of related literature to improve the competitiveness of the destination.IntroductionThe focus and purpose of the research is to analyze the impact of organizational capacity development components on the competitiveness of the spa tourism destination in Sarein. "Organizational capacity development" as an intermediate and important link of capacity system components (individual, organizational and systemic), organized application of leadership and management, organizational resources and culture and communication processes to improve the capabilities and functions of the organization over time and in a way which is considered stable (UNDP,2009; Aref,2011). Alongside the changes in travel patterns over the past few years, the new trends indicated the strengthening of the spa and medical tourism product (Csapó & Marton; 2017; 56) which, due to the growth of the global health tourism market, has made it necessary to be competitive in this field.The competitiveness of tourist destinations is one of the most important factors in the success of the destination (Paunovi'c et al., 2020). The argument is that competing tourist destinations seek to satisfy tourists and expand their share of the target market (Cronje & Plessis, 2020). In this regard, competitiveness can be considered the ability of the destination to optimize attractions (products and services) and sustainably create added value to maintain a competitive position of the destination and provide suitable conditions for the unique experience of visitors and better quality of residents' lives and care for local capital (natural and heritage) over time (Fernández et al., 2020).Materials and research methods The present study is based on quantitative research regarding applied purpose and research pattern. Based on the available literature, the conceptual research model is organized in the form of independent (organizational capacity development) and dependent (destination competitiveness) variables. The conceptual components of the proposed model in the field of organizational capacity development, leadership capacity (management), organizational capacity, resource capacity and communication have been determined. In destination competitiveness, three key components of resource and product quality, destination management and marketing factors, and Competitive destination performance are defined. Based on the available literature, 14 components and 80 variables have been used to design the questionnaire tool to implement the above concepts. Preliminary data were collected through surveying in the target statistical population and based on 200 sample populations of experts from executive organizations and activists of industry and related services in Sarein, and relationships were tested based on structural equation modelling (in Smart PLS software environment). The scale of the questionnaire items was the Likert five-choice range.Findings and discussionBased on descriptive findings, the average response rank of organizational capacity development items and destination competitiveness in Sarein city is lower than the average of 3 (from the fifth rank ceiling). It indicates a gap in the capacity of organizations for destination development and competitiveness. Based on the findings and within the framework of organizational capacity, the status of the human resources component had the best, and organizational communication had the worst mean response rank.ConclusionStructural equation modelling indicated that the designed structure and the causal relationships fit properly. As a result, the coefficients of the items and the path pattern of the relationships are significant. In other words, this hypothesis confirmed that the development of organizational capacity has a positive and significant effect on the competitiveness of the spa tourism destination in Sarein.

Special spaces and participation of women in leisure activities

rahmat -o- llah farhudi; leyla habibi; hoseyn hatami nejhad; maryam jafari mehr abadi; fatemeh salarndian

Volume 6, Issue 15 , May 2011, , Pages 85-110

https://doi.org/10.22054/tms.2011.5085

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the influence of leisure spaces such as Bheheshte madaran on various aspects of women’s leisure time including ways of spending this time, hours devoted to leisure activities, reasons of doing so etc., and also assess their level of satisfaction with and contribution ... Read More

A Data Mining Approach for Evaluating the Tourist Destination Loyalty

Azarnoush Ansari; ali asadi

Volume 11, Issue 35 , December 2017, , Pages 85-106

https://doi.org/10.22054/tms.2017.7081

Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the tourist loyalty through data miningapproach. The study has exemined 880 domestic tourists who have stayed inmore than one night in four and five star hotels of Isfahan in spring and summer2014 and 2015. SPSS and Clementine12 was used for data analysis.Also,Mixture ... Read More

Information systems

The role of E-CRM in facilitating Tourism Destination selection )Case Study: Tehran travel agencies)

Niloufar Yazdi Esmaeili; Zahra Nadalipour

Volume 18, Issue 62 , June 2023, , Pages 85-122

https://doi.org/10.22054/tms.2023.68561.2840

Abstract

Today, customer orientation is one of the most important marketing indicators in the tourism system. On the other hand, one of the most up-to-date and efficient programs or strategies for attracting, retaining and satisfying customers is managing electronic communication with the customer. In this regards, ... Read More Today, customer orientation is one of the most important marketing indicators in the tourism system. On the other hand, one of the most up-to-date and efficient programs or strategies for attracting, retaining and satisfying customers is managing electronic communication with the customer. In this regards, understanding the role of electronic customer relationship management in facilitating destination selection from the perspective of managers and senior marketing experts of active travel and tourism agencies in Tehran, is the main purpose of this study. Regarding the tourism system, ignoring the ECRM can be considered as one of the main weaknesses of tourism in Iran, especially in tourism and travel agencies. The present study has been conducted through qualitative method with the aim of providing a model explaining the role of ECRM in facilitating destination selection. Therefore, grounded theory method and a non-probabilistic purposive sampling was used in to determine sample of study. In current study, use of grounded theory method tools such as data fragmentation, open coding and axial coding led to the identification of six main categories of causal conditions, subject-oriented, contextual or environmental conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences. Causal conditions affecting decision-making and facilitating the choice of tourist destination include six psychological components (emotional and personality), ECRM, financial and economic, advertising, security and environmental, each of which has several sub-categories and concepts.Introduction:With the beginning of the 21st century and at the same time with the improvement of the living standards and livelihood of people all over the world, as well as rapid increase in the proportion of tourism expenses in the consumption basket of leisure time of families and the development of information technology, traditional tourism is more and more connected with the Internet and new technologies (Linking Lane, 2020). This combination of tourism and new communication technologies led to the emergence of Electronic Customer Relationship Management (ECRM), which in simple words is the practical use of Internet-based technologies including email, website, chat rooms, forums and other e-channels for achieving the goals of customer relationship management is done in a more efficient way using IT. Interacting, maintaining and creating customer loyalty is one of the basic steps of managing electronic communication with customers, which includes all the processes of marketing, sales and customer service in a psychological way (Mirf Kharaldini, Hatami Nasab and Talei Far, 2009).Today, organizations are widely looking for ways to interact and communicate effectively with customers in order to influence them. Internet technology enables organizations to attract new customers, track their online behavior and performance, and personalize communications, products, services, and prices (Zamani Babgehari et al., 2023). ECRM was first proposed in 1999 in the seminar of the Tourism Association of Customer Relationship Management in England (Ivanuska, 2008). This new technology grew and expanded at such a speed that only after two decades of its emergence, many conquered the touristic countries of the world. Now, the question is, to what extent has the development of ECRM technology spread to Iran's tourism industry, and the owners of tourist service offices active in Tehran use this technology to facilitate the choice of tourists' destinations? Also, what role does it play in facilitating the destination selection process by tourists? In order to answer the questions raised, the method of grounded theory has been used. Materials and Methods:This research was designed and conducted based on the methodology of grounded theory regarding its theoretical foundations, research method, data collection method, data analysis, and data validation. The population and statistical sample in this survey are made up of 10 managers and experts of travel service offices active in Tehran. According to the steps of the research strategy, the researchers referred to relevant experts to collect information to obtain first-hand data. Therefore, the sample of research in the database method is directed under the influence of each case (specialized semi-structured interviews or referred texts). In this way, the analysis of each interview will be the guide for the next interview. Sampling process continued until the theoretical adequacy was achieved, and for this reason, a total of 10 specialized semi-structured interviews were conducted considering the above criteria. The interviews were conducted and recorded between 30 and 60 minutes, so that by reviewing the conversations several times, a more accurate analysis and examination of the views of the participants could be done. Findings:The main question revolves around the issue of "What role does the management of electronic communication with customers in active travel service offices in Tehran play in facilitating the process of choosing a destination for tourists?" Obtaining the answer to this question required the implementation of the central coding stage of the grounded theory method in order to establish a network between all discovered categories. Based on this, the categories extracted in the previous step (total of 6 categories) were cast in the form of core coding classes and arranged around the core category of "travel destination selection" as described in Figure 1.Discussion and Results:The primary goal of the current research was to investigate the role of ECRM in facilitating the process of destination selection by tourists. The achievement of conducting this research for the researcher and based on the interviews that were conducted was the understanding that not only the ECRM as a successful marketing technique, but also its components, in Iran, for offices Travel services - even with a long history of activity - are not very well known, but in practice, the managers of these offices prefer to attract and retain tourists using the same traditional methods such as telephone communication, verbal communication and face-to-face interactions. This study can have useful results for managers and planners in the related agencies. Nowadays, Managers will face challenges in the way of implementing programs related to ECRM. Communicating remotely and offline and impersonally through the Internet is a challenge to attract and gain trust. Trust can be basically an important obstacle in the way of implementing ECRM. In addition, the increased risk of data manipulation or loss of information can be another factor that slows down the management of ECRM. The lack of face-to-face contact play a big challenge in the implementation of ECRM. In addition, in an effort to quickly implement the ECRM, a large number of companies start implementing it before formulating a strategy, but many of them are dissatisfied with this system. The prolongation of the implementation process can be a sign of weakness in the establishment of ECRM. On the other hand, since the current research has examined and analyzed the issue from the point of view of managers and experts, it is suggested that in future researches, the demand side- the tourists' point of view-should also be in the center of attention for more precise dimensions of the subject to be determined.

Assessing Factors Affecting Success of Green Accommodations

Laila Vossoughi; Narges Shamsi Marbini

Volume 10, Issue 32 , March 2016, , Pages 87-67

Abstract

Tourism is an increasingly growing activity in the world. However, it is an important treat for the environment (both cultural & natural). In recent decades, the approach of sustainable tourism and the concepts such as ecotourism, green tourism, and responsible tourism are considered as a strong ... Read More

An Introduction to Sociology of Tourism

mohamadali zaki

Volume 2, Issue 5 , September 2004, , Pages 87-112

Abstract

Tourism is an economic phenomenon with important sociocultural implications that acquired a fundamental significance in the last decades of the twentieth century. Sociology is about people and how we live together in social groups. Its subject matter ranges from the study of close interpersonal interactions ... Read More

Investigation of tourism impact on the livelihood activities and assets of rural households, (case study: Zeeyarat village in Gorgan County)

mahmud jome poor; narjes kiumars

Volume 2, Issue 7 , March 2005, , Pages 87-120

Abstract

In the recent years, tourism has been recognized as one of the prominent strategies of rural development and poverty reduction especially in developing countries, and has been broadly attended by policy makers and practitioners. However, tourism has been an object of severe criticism by researchers and ... Read More

Evaluation of Geotouristic Potentials of Geomorphosites in Mahabad County

Mehran maghsoudi; Mohsen Barzkar; Mosa Abbasi; Anvar Moradi Moradi

Volume 9, Issue 25 , April 2014, , Pages 88-114

Abstract

Geomorphotourism is a branch of geosciences and tourism studies, which studies the geomorphosites or geomorphological special locations. In this research geotourism potentials of geomorphosites in Mahabad county were analyzed based on new techniques such as Comanescu method and field studies. ... Read More

Organizational Performance in the Hotel Industry

Volume 8, Issue 24 , January 2014, , Pages 89-119

Abstract

The Relationship between Customer Equity and Satisfaction Experienced by Domestic Tourists Staying at Five- star Hotels of Tehran

Akbar Pourfaraj; Abolfazl Tajzade Namin; Rahil Alipourianzadeh

Volume 8, Issue 21 , April 2013, , Pages 89-106

Abstract

In marketing texts, value equity, brand equity, and relationship equity are frequently discussed as the three main dimensions of customer equity, which directly influence companies’ profitability. Satisfaction, the consequent loyalty, the repeated purchasing by customers, and finally the profitability, ... Read More

Factors affecting domestic internet user′s e-loyalty to the travel agencies’ web sites

abolfazl taaj zadeh namin; golnusha etemadi

Volume 6, Issue 16 , February 2012, , Pages 91-115

https://doi.org/10.22054/tms.2012.5092

Abstract

The present paper tries to probe into the theme of e-loyalty focusing on the likely impact that the three independent variables, perceived e-quality, perceived e-value, and attitude towards e-shopping, may have on it. The sample population consists of 625 tourism-website users which are chosen randomly ... Read More

Volume 19 (2024)

Volume 18 (2024)

Volume 17 (2022)

Volume 16 (2021)

Volume 15 (2020)

Volume 14 (2019)

Volume 13 (2018)

Volume 12 (2017)

Volume 11 (2016)

Volume 10 (2016)

Volume 8 (2015)

Volume 9 (2014)

Volume 7 (2013)

Volume 6 (2011)

Volume 5 (2010)

Volume 4 (2006)

Volume 3 (2005)

Volume 2 (2004)

Volume 1 (2003)

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