Hojjat Varmazyari; Marzye Fathi; khalil kalantari; Muhammad Asef Shaiq
Abstract
Rural tourism as a global industry has been considered an effective solution for rural development. One of the most important issues in rural tourism is that it is community-based. Community-based tourism aims to create economic benefits and improve the quality of life for the local communities. The ...
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Rural tourism as a global industry has been considered an effective solution for rural development. One of the most important issues in rural tourism is that it is community-based. Community-based tourism aims to create economic benefits and improve the quality of life for the local communities. The first and most important principle in community-based tourism is the participation of all stakeholders in the planning and development process. However, in developing countries, its realization has been faced with problems. This research was conducted to analyze the components of community-based rural tourism development in Marivan and Sarvabad cities.Materials and Methods The statistical population was the villagers over 15 years old (women and men, marginal strata, and local elites) in the villages with high potential for tourism in Marivan and Sarvabad Counties of Kurdistan province. A survey method was used to collect information. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. In addition to dispersion and centrality statistics, inferential tests of mean comparison and exploratory factor analysis were used to analyze the data.Discussion and ResultsFrom the point of view of different strata of rural society, the most important component of community-based rural tourism development is "inclusiveness and horizontal networking. " In this regard, facilitators and governmental and non-governmental agents of rural tourism should consider a suitable mechanism to strengthen the dialogue and exchange of opinions between the representatives of different sections of the villagers, the participation of the poor sections in the decision-making and planning process, and the division of social responsibilities among the villagers. "Empowerment and strengthening of infrastructures" are the second component that can be effective in developing community-based tourism, especially by creating a sense of collective identity among villagers and education and raising awareness. "Open and demand-oriented innovation" has been the third effective component in developing community-based tourism. In this regard, it is emphasized to use the advice and help of external experts and produce local products based on market needs. The fourth component, "preserving local authenticity," is another important component in developing community-based rural tourism. Strengthening the sense of belonging and employing villagers will preserve and strengthen cultural authenticity and realize the community-based approach. The last extracted component emphasizes profit and fair participation as a condition for realizing the community-based approach in rural tourism development.ConclusionThis study can play a major role in providing correct insight to the authorities on promoting local communities’ participation in the tourism industry and their benefits. Among the solutions that are suggested concerning the topic of the present study is the emphasis on the development of low-cost rural tourism projects, which by providing the gradual and successful entry of marginalized groups into the process of planning and development of rural tourism at the end, lead to the empowerment of the people experiencing poverty and the use of the high potential of rural women.
Javad madani
Abstract
Tourism is one of the flexible and dynamic industries that has different dimensions and types. Green tourism is one of the most important types that many countries pay special attention to today. One of the dimensions that can be fruitful in the direction of green tourism is the field of environmental ...
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Tourism is one of the flexible and dynamic industries that has different dimensions and types. Green tourism is one of the most important types that many countries pay special attention to today. One of the dimensions that can be fruitful in the direction of green tourism is the field of environmental policy-making. This scientific and executive field, which aligns with environmental protection measures and activities, can create favourable consequences for communities. This study's main purpose is to formulate the environmental policy-making desired pattern in the context of green tourism, which uses a mixed-method to investigate the issue. The approach used in this method is a partially mixed sequential dominant status design approach that is done in three phases: qualitative-qualitative-quantitative. In this research, three methods of "focus group-grounded theory-survey" have been used to formulate and confirm the model, respectively. The main tool used in the qualitative phase is the interview. In the quantitative phase, a questionnaire was extracted relevant information and data from 13 experts in the qualitative phase and 8. According to the research findings, about 17 main indicators were identified, which were considered the pattern's main components. According to the results of the quantitative section, among the studied indicators, the index "Communications and interactions of responsible institutions" has the highest score among the indicators, which shows the importance of this category in the resulting pattern. From the present study results, we can point to the important role of "communications and interactive of responsible institutions", which requires the development of more precise environmental policies to support green tourism to achieve other goals, sustainable tourism development.Introduction In recent times, tourism and travel have been considered flexible, dynamic and growing industries. Many studies show that the tourism industry contributes significantly to the economic growth and development of tourism-led economies. On the other hand, many thinkers believe that tourism achieves economic growth and development at the cost of pollution and environmental degradation. Numerous factors have led to a more precise policy for the tourism industry with the aim of sustainable tourism development. Therefore, the development of a desirable pattern that is considered at both conceptual levels of "environmental policies" and "green tourism" can consider a wide range of measures to improve and develop green tourism. While supporting and creating green tourism, this pattern will make it possible to create various pollution control projects and schemes with the help of environmental policies. For this purpose, it is necessary to design a desirable pattern to get out of the issues to be effective in this regard. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to develop a pattern of environmental policy-making in the context of green tourism.Materials and MethodsThe general design of the methodology in this research is applied according to the purpose, its mixed method. For further explanation, the research design is a partially mixed sequential dominant status design that is done in three phases qualitative-qualitative-quantitative. In this design, first qualitative and then quantitative data are collected and analyzed. Priority is usually given to the qualitative phase, and quantitative data reinforces the qualitative data. In this research, three "focus group-grounded theory-survey" methods have been used. In the qualitative part, the thematic axes were first extracted using the focus group method. Then, in the next step, using tools such as semi-structured interviews, the relevant codes were obtained, and the codes were transformed into a pattern by the grounded theory method. Then the resulting pattern was examined by experts, and to assess its components, its validity was announced.In summary, the thematic axes extracted from the focus group method were used as a criterion for orientation. The focus of the interviews was based on the grounded theory method. Then, through the steps of the grounded theory method, the desired pattern was extracted and calculated. After formulating the pattern, in the third phase - the quantitative phase of the research - the components and categories of the pattern are examined by experts; for evaluating its components, its validity is announced.Discussion and ResultsIn the first phase, i.e. the focus group method that was done online, items such as Macro "socio-cultural, political, economic and environmental" environment; institutional arrangements of relationships and interactions; inter-organizational coordination structures; interest groups and influential in formulating and implementing tourism policies; New and Innovative Solutions in Creating Green Tourism; Symmetry of Green Tourism and Environmental Executive Projects; Interactive Policy Making in Green Tourism "were extracted as thematic axes. In the second phase - in the grounded theory method of the foundation - the approach of Strauss and Corbin was used that the propositions were counted in three types of coding "open, axial and selective".ConclusionsGreen tourism operators face various factors in maintaining green tourism assets in the future. To manage these factors, planners, policy-makers and tourism managers must prescribe and adopt sustainable green policies and strategies, improve the quality and quantity of relevant policies, and consider the principles and practices of sustainable development to improve green tourism. These results require the development of more precise policies for the tourism industry, which should be given special attention to sustainable tourism development and support for green tourism. In the following, the relevant suggestions are presented
Manizheh Bahrainizadeh; Babak Busheri Sangizad
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify factors affecting the loyalty of tourists to the Bushehr province by using grounded theory. Another goal is to provide a conceptual framework based on the identified factors and then is evaluating the conceptual model.This project is done by using qualitative methods ...
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The aim of this study was to identify factors affecting the loyalty of tourists to the Bushehr province by using grounded theory. Another goal is to provide a conceptual framework based on the identified factors and then is evaluating the conceptual model.This project is done by using qualitative methods based on grounded theory by using semi-structured interviews of experts in the field of Bushehr, factors affecting tourism destination loyalty was determined according to climatic and cultural conditions. The initial sample size is 16 persons of tourism experts who were identified during the study period. The data coding was performed using the NVIVO8 software. The results showed that tourist destination loyalty by using 3 items , Perceived value with 5 items, quality of service with 5 items, hosttig by using 3 items, knowledge with 11 items and restrictions by 21 items were operated
Asghar Tahmasebi; Ali Movahed; Ahmad Mohabbati
Abstract
Spatial analysis of tourists’ demands is crucially important for tourism destinations management and marketing. This research aims to compare the spatial centralities of the tourism attractions of Sa'd Abad historical complex for national and foreign visitors. In doing so, data from the ticket ...
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Spatial analysis of tourists’ demands is crucially important for tourism destinations management and marketing. This research aims to compare the spatial centralities of the tourism attractions of Sa'd Abad historical complex for national and foreign visitors. In doing so, data from the ticket sales system were used to construct the proximity matrix using the concept of interlocking-visit and via Python programming. Then the spatial centrality of the attractions was calculated by NetworkX software. The result shows that, Museums of the Mellat Palace, the Green Palace, the Museum of the Royal Cars have the highest degree centralities and Museums of Art, Miramad Museum, Behzad Museum have the lowest degree centrality for both groups. The major difference between the two groups' demands was the royal attractions. The Museums of Royal Cars, Royal Dishes, Court Weapons, and the Royal Kitchen have become more central to domestic tourists than foreign tourists.
Mehdi Gharakhlou; Mostafa tavakoli naghmeh Tavakoli naghmeh; Alireza Garousi
Abstract
Today, the tourism industry has been considered as one of the important sources of income in the global economy. Religious tourism is one of the divisions of the tourism industry in which the Muslim world especially in Iran is important. Qom- a city with religious, cultural, historical, and natural capabilities- ...
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Today, the tourism industry has been considered as one of the important sources of income in the global economy. Religious tourism is one of the divisions of the tourism industry in which the Muslim world especially in Iran is important. Qom- a city with religious, cultural, historical, and natural capabilities- as the Incarnational Religious Base of Shiism known as one of the most important pilgrimage centers in the Muslim world. Every year, many tourists from inside and outside the country travel to this city. Due to the religious importance of this city, the most important part of the pilgrims of this city is religious tourists. A high volume of tourists requires proper infrastructure and facilities for settling, accommodating, and spending leisure time. The present research according to purpose is applied one, in terms of the method is descriptive, and data have been collected based on desk resources. to identify the appropriate areas for the construction of leisure and recreational camps and respond to the needs of pilgrims and tourists in this city, Firstly, criteria and sub-criteria weighting is done by using the hierarchy model; finally, appropriate areas, area 3, 2, 8, and 4, at the regional level are introduced by using GIS
marayam rahmaty; Reza Radfar
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify the mental patterns of tourism industry co-creation. The present study is a mixed-exploratory study conducted using the Q-methodology. This research was conducted with the participation of ten professors familiar with the subject of the research as well as tourism ...
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The purpose of this study is to identify the mental patterns of tourism industry co-creation. The present study is a mixed-exploratory study conducted using the Q-methodology. This research was conducted with the participation of ten professors familiar with the subject of the research as well as tourism experts. The discourse space of the present study was collected from a variety of sources and after evaluating and summarizing the discourse space, 39 terms were selected for the sample. Then, after collecting data from Q sorting, this information was analyzed using Q factor analysis. Distribution analysis showed that three distinct mental patterns can be identified among the research participants about mental patterns of tourism industry co-creation that explained about 76.903% of the total variance. These three mental models were named service development, customer value and organization,
Solaleh Shahvazian; Firoozeh Hashemi Gheinani
Abstract
Corona virus outbreak has disrupted the industry and trade cycle. This study purpose is to investigate human resource management challenges during Corona crisis, and to provide a solution in hotel industry. Research method is based on inductive approach theory in qualitative way. The statistical population ...
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Corona virus outbreak has disrupted the industry and trade cycle. This study purpose is to investigate human resource management challenges during Corona crisis, and to provide a solution in hotel industry. Research method is based on inductive approach theory in qualitative way. The statistical population was hotel industry experts selected as sample. Interview data were analyzed using MAXQDA software. Reliability and validity were assessed using Lincoln and Guba technique. Findings show that the cause conditions of this study at highly damaging nature of Covid-19 pandemic are economic problems, weakness in establishing communication skills and perceptual skills of human resource management. Main phenomenon has emerged in economic, political, social and cultural challenges. Structural factors, financial and credit indicators identified as intervenes. Research result shows that human resource managers can achieve their goals using strategies like training human resources, identifying financing methods, reducing costs and obtaining government support.
Yazdan Shirmohammadi; Ghazaleh Darabi; Zainab Hashemi Baghi
Abstract
This study integrates the theory of values of the belief in the stern norm and the theory of expectation, and seeks to determine the model of the environmental behavior of tourists who are busy and dying. The statistical population of the study is tourists in Dareh and Durand in Tehran. In this ...
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This study integrates the theory of values of the belief in the stern norm and the theory of expectation, and seeks to determine the model of the environmental behavior of tourists who are busy and dying. The statistical population of the study is tourists in Dareh and Durand in Tehran. In this study, S, PS, S and AMOS software was developed. Findings of the research indicate that the value orientation of the environment and the value orientation of social friendship affect the new ecological paradigm and also the awareness of the consequences on the conservation of the environment is unaffected. In fact, the results of this study showed that the value Play an important role in shaping ecological tourism behaviors at the community level,
Reza Movahedi; fatemeh sepahvand; mehdi rahimian
Abstract
.The community studied, among the experts of the Tourism Organization, professors And students who have been active in the field of tourism was selected Sampling method to Snowball shape was done.Research credibility The survey was conducted from different perspectives.First Available resources available ...
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.The community studied, among the experts of the Tourism Organization, professors And students who have been active in the field of tourism was selected Sampling method to Snowball shape was done.Research credibility The survey was conducted from different perspectives.First Available resources available potential tourism potential In the villages of Khorramabad city In various sectors of artistic, natural history, historical and religious sites The case was identified And more Using a semi-structured interview It has been explored the development strategies of this industry Finally, using the ATLAS software As a good quality software, Segregated categories Results showed "Using the traditional potential of villages", "Educational Programs" and "Local People's Participation", "Management and lanning", "Legislation and Policy""Support of Handicraft" and Also pay attention to "advertising" Can contribute to the development of rural tourism in this city.
FATEMEH DARMANAKI FARAHANI
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of internal marketing on the quality of service delivery to provide solutions to improve the number of services offered in hotels. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey method. The findings of the present study indicate the ...
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This study aimed to investigate the effects of internal marketing on the quality of service delivery to provide solutions to improve the number of services offered in hotels. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey method. The findings of the present study indicate the confirmation of all research hypotheses. The output of HLM 7 software showed multilevel relationships of research variables; the effect of the mediating variable on the Sobel test and its severity was measured by the VIF coefficient. A specific mission is to provide them with an appropriate role model and promote a culture of risk-taking, emphasizing employees' feelings and paying attention to their wants and needs to improve the quality of service provided by employees.IntroductionTourism is defined as one of the most important economic sectors that play an important role in developing a country (Juang and Fuang, 2019). Tourism is one of the largest industries generating billions of dollars in revenue and creating thousands of jobs. Tourism is one of the top 5 sources of export revenue in more than 150 countries and the number one source of exports in 60 countries. The United Nations World Tourism Organization predicts that the number of international tourism visits will almost double from 2009 to 2018, from 880 million to 1.6 billion by 2020 (Yusuf and Ali, 2019). According to the World Tourism Organization and UNESCO statistics, Iran can be among the top ten countries in the world in terms of international tourist arrivals. Given Iran's small share of this industry, it is clear that the tourism industry has not been able to play its role as a factor of economic development. The development of the tourism industry is of great importance for developing countries, which face problems such as high unemployment, limited resource resources, and a single-product economy (Funk & Love, 2016). Comparison of tourism figures and revenues from them in Iran with global statistics provided by the World Tourism Organization shows that our country has not found its proper share and position in the tourism industry (Safaeipour et al., 2015). It seems that inefficient management, especially poor marketing and lack of appropriate advertising to introduce attractions and also lack of services tailored to the needs of tourists using modern methods and technologies is one of the most important reasons for the underdevelopment of tourism in Iran. Therefore, the need to review policies and apply new techniques and technologies in tourism management for the revival and prosperity of tourism in Iran seems necessary (Safaeipour et al., 2015). This study was conducted to remove some limitations in previous studies. While other studies have measured the impact of internal marketing activities on customers' attitudes and their employees, little research has been done on the effects of internal marketing at the organizational level in the hotel industry.Materials and MethodsThe method of this research is development-applied research in terms of purpose. The research design in this research is descriptive correlational research. It is descriptive in that it provides a picture of the current situation and is a correlation because it examines the relationship between the variables in the model. The present study is a survey, and the data collection tool in this study was a questionnaire. In this study, the statistical population of this study consists of customers and staff of reception units, cash registers, ceremonies and food and beverage, housekeeping, and security and arrangements of four and five-star hotels in Tehran, which number 14 hotels. And their staff is estimated at approximately 900 people. For determining the sample size, due to the unknown number of community members and variance, 268 questionnaires were distributed among the sample members in a stratified-random manner using Cochran's formula. The confidence level is 95%, and 5% error is assumed. According to the sample size, 280 questionnaires were distributed. 271 questionnaires were returned, and of which 3 questionnaires were discarded due to information deficiencies, and 268 questionnaires were used. According to Morgan's table, 95 questionnaires were needed in average for almost 300 customers per hotel, which was distributed to ensure about 100 questionnaires per hotel. The studied hotels include 4 and 5-star hotels in Tehran.Discussion and ResultsThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of internal marketing on service quality by considering the mediating role of organizational commitment and job satisfaction in the hotel industry. As the results showed that the set of relationships considered by obtaining the appropriate significance coefficients could be similar to the research conducted in line with the present study, so did another confirmation of the importance of paying attention to internal marketing and its implementation in organizations in The hotel industry. Multilevel Analysis of the impact of internal marketing on the quality of staff services is one of the topics studied in this study due to its importance in organizations. The multilevel approach as an emerging paradigm and method can consider organizational phenomena as multilevel and simultaneously analyze the effect of the studied phenomenon at a higher level and the impact of higher-level factors in the studied phenomenon. 4- and 5-star hotels In this study, multilevel Analysis of internal marketing on service quality with commitment and job satisfaction were examined. After analyzing the data, it was found that using the concept of internal marketing and its related components (vision, development, and reward) can have positive results such as improving the quality of service provided in the hotel, improving employee satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Have them with you
Fatemeh Zargaran Khouzani; Atieh Shahjafari; Mohammad Hamid Mollaei
Abstract
Introduction
Tourism and religion have always been inextricably linked, with religion as one of the most common travel motives. One of the oldest forms of travel in the world, the religiously motivated travel is currently considered an emerging part of the tourism industry. Although tourism has become ...
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Introduction
Tourism and religion have always been inextricably linked, with religion as one of the most common travel motives. One of the oldest forms of travel in the world, the religiously motivated travel is currently considered an emerging part of the tourism industry. Although tourism has become popular in religious places around the world, there are few studies on the mental patterns of the tourists experiencing the religious travel. Given the fact that tourists usually tend to interpret what they experience at the destination and pass it on to others, it is important to devote serious attention to the tourist experiences.
Materials and Methods
As an applied and descriptive research, this study was conducted to identify the mental patterns of the tourists visiting the religious tourism destinations in Mashhad. Q-methodology was used to identify the mental patterns in the statistical population of the tourists who had the experience of traveling to the holy city of Mashhad at least once. Relying on the purposeful sampling method, the study selected 25 participants for data collection. The data was analyzed by Q factor analysis with SPSS 22.0 Software.
Results and Discussion
The analysis resulted in a typology which consists of seven mental patterns concerning the meaning of religious tourism. They are: 1) spiritualists, 2) pacifists, 3) affiliationists, 4) liberationists, 5) seekers, 6) subjectivists, and 7) empiricists. For spiritualists, getting closer to God and realizing spirituality were found to be the most important motivations to travel to religious destinations. Seeking to get rid of daily life’s grind and pressures, pacifists hope that religious trips will help them attain the peace that does not exist in the normal life. The priority given to the religious tourism by pacifists is understood given the fact relaxation is an important dimension of religious tourism. Affiliationists, or those who seek a sense of belonging, were found to be interested in communicating everywhere, often traveling with friends and family—and religious tourism is no exception. These tourists do not get upset by the crowds or the long queues to see and receive something. However, the overcrowding is desirable as long as it does not distract them from the main issue of pilgrimage or tourism in religious areas. Liberationists are similar to pacifists, except that they prefer to avoid stress by engaging in things other than religious pursuits. Therefore, liberationists certainly have no religious motive. Motivated by their religious journey, seekers search for real knowledge and information about topics and things they already know. Subjectivists look for everything, be it peace, get-togethers, or communication. Therefore, they will probably need more time to achieve all their goals in the tourist destination. Finally, empiricists were found to be looking for new tourist experiences, or anything that brings them an enjoyable experience.
Conclusion
The study went on to interpret the identified mental patterns. Spiritualists searching for closeness to God and pacifists in search of avoiding the stress of daily life were the most frequent mental patterns observed among the tourists with the experience of religious tourism. Moreover, it was found that the number of empiricists, who are looking for engaging experiences in tourist destinations, is also growing. The innovation of this research lies in its attempt at the classification of tourists and the religious tourism market based on mental patterns, which can be used to develop tourism programs. The mental patterns identified in this study can be used as the basis for the development of religious tourism and the formulation of strategies for marketing religious tourism. Concerning the needs of religious tourism places, advertising is of utmost importance as it plays an essential role in getting tourists to choose religious tourism. The analysis and findings of the research are limited to the mental patterns of the participants and the creation of the Q category. It is suggested that future research use in-depth interviews to achieve a more accurate understanding of the topic. The descriptive and survey research design can also be fruitful to investigate the identified patterns. Another direction for future research is to use Q-methodology for other types of religious tourism.
Abolghasem Ebrahimi; moslem bagheri; amene pakdelian
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to provide a model to identify the relationship between word of mouth and tourists’ trust with customer-based brand equity in the hotel industry of Shiraz. This research is descriptive-survey and non-random sampling was used. The Sample size is 384 Iranian tourists ...
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The purpose of this study is to provide a model to identify the relationship between word of mouth and tourists’ trust with customer-based brand equity in the hotel industry of Shiraz. This research is descriptive-survey and non-random sampling was used. The Sample size is 384 Iranian tourists who traveled to Shiraz and used hotels and accommodation. At first, indicators related to the dimensions of tourists’ trust in the offline domain were extracted, categorized and finalized by systematic review. Then a questionnaire was designed. After distributing the questionnaire, data were analyzed using SPSS and Smart PLS software. By systematic review, three dimensions of destination characteristics, destination staff characteristics and tourist characteristics were considered for trust. The findings indicate that tourist trust mediates the relationship between word-of-mouth advertising and customer-based brand equity.
zienab Hajari; Mohammad Hossein Naserzadeh; Saeid Taghavi Goodarzi
Abstract
One of the most important foundations of tourism planning in different geographic regions, is the preparation of a tourism environment calendar, especially based on the regional climate. The role of the climate in attracting tourists in the tourism season is of great importance. In this study, to determine ...
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One of the most important foundations of tourism planning in different geographic regions, is the preparation of a tourism environment calendar, especially based on the regional climate. The role of the climate in attracting tourists in the tourism season is of great importance. In this study, to determine the climate-comfort of the ecotourists in Bushehr, the bioclimate indices used in the MEMI model and the More method, as well as the climatic parameters of air temperature, relative humidity, cloudy sky, wind speed, vapor pressure and radiant temperature of the environment was used during the time period of (1986-2015) and local time of 18:30. Considering the long-term average of the above data, the values of PET indices (physiological temperature of the body), SET (standard effective temperature), and the effect of Tmrt (mean radiant temperature of the environment) on the two indices were calculated and compared using RayMan and SPSS softwares. Ecotourism climatme-comfort surveys on a daily basis show that the best time period for the presence of ecotourists in terms of picnic leisure activities on a daily basis is from (May 30 to June 15) and from (September 26 to October 25) and on the monthly basis of May, June and October, for swimming on a daily basis from (April 30 to May 21) and (August 26 to October 5) and on a monthly scale of May and September, and also for sailing from (April 30 to May 16) and (August 26 to October 5) and on the monthly scale of May and September. In terms of correlation, there is a positive and strong correlation between PET and SET indicators, and there is also a positive and strong correlation between PET, SET and Tmrt indicators, and the exponential regression between them in picnic activities, swimming and sailing is also directional.
Shahram Khalil Nezhad; Mohammad Reza Daneshvar Deylami
Abstract
The growth and development of the use of electronic services in the tourism industry have become particularly important. The main purpose of this research is to study and examine the impact of perceived e-service quality on the willingness to use e-service systems. The philosophy of the research is positivism, ...
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The growth and development of the use of electronic services in the tourism industry have become particularly important. The main purpose of this research is to study and examine the impact of perceived e-service quality on the willingness to use e-service systems. The philosophy of the research is positivism, the approach is deductive, and the strategy is surveying. Therefore, after reviewing the literature and designing the conceptual model, a questionnaire containing 21 questions was presented to the statistical sample. The statistical population of this study is all customers who use electronic services of websites active in tourism in Tehran. Out of 500 distributed questionnaires, 381 correct questionnaires were used for data analysis. The structural equation modeling method based on AMOS software was used to analyze the research data and test the hypotheses. The results indicate a positive effect of perceived e-services on willingness to use e-service systems, brand mental image, e-satisfaction, and perceived risk. In fact, paying attention to the quality of e-services, satisfaction, the brand image of the organization and perceived risk reinforces the tendency to use e-service systems.
sajed Soleymanian; Zohreh Fanni
Abstract
One of the components of the regeneration projects is the expansion of cultural tourism and location marketing, which considers the existence of historical contexts as a platform for having historical-cultural values. Along with such an approach, preserving, reviving, and updating the spatial-physical, ...
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One of the components of the regeneration projects is the expansion of cultural tourism and location marketing, which considers the existence of historical contexts as a platform for having historical-cultural values. Along with such an approach, preserving, reviving, and updating the spatial-physical, visual and aesthetic values of the ancient urban textures to make them desirable is discussed in this article. The city of Babolsar has been studied as one of the cities in Iran with touristic capability in the north of the country to evaluate the effective factors of tourism development in historical contexts. The study is applied research concerning purpose; The data collection method was quantitative using a questionnaire, and data analysis was conducted through multivariate regression test and path analysis. The research findings show that the re-creation of the basic culture is a factor in developing sustainable tourism in Babolsar and can be achieved by strengthening its factors (indigenous culture and local creative industries, art, traditional handicrafts, and preserving historical buildings). This study shows that the re-creation of cultural-historical contexts is closely related to the approach of urban tourism development in Iranian cities in general and in Babolsar in particular. At the same time, despite the unique opportunities of these structures, both in terms of physical and architectural attractions and historical rituals and traditions, the problems of tissue regeneration, severe shortages of tourism infrastructure, and limited and transient views of urban management can be the biggest obstacles to activating their capacities.
Arashk Masaeli; Naser rezaei; Khabat Derafshi; Mehdi Basakha
Abstract
IntroductionMany industries with predetermined plans have been completely suffered losses from the Covid-19 pandemic since March 2020, when the World Health Organization recognized it. The tourism industry can be considered one of the growing sectors damaged very quickly. Due to the prolongation of the ...
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IntroductionMany industries with predetermined plans have been completely suffered losses from the Covid-19 pandemic since March 2020, when the World Health Organization recognized it. The tourism industry can be considered one of the growing sectors damaged very quickly. Due to the prolongation of the Covid-19 pandemic, different aspects of the tourism industry and its degree of vulnerability are identified. Tourism-related businesses, including the hotel industry, food industry, transportation, handicrafts, and other related activities, have suffered the most during this period.Simultaneously with the negative effects of the corona disease on the economy and employment, the effects of the corona on tourism became more apparent. Still, due to the continuity of the corona and the need for rehabilitation during the corona and post-corona era, the need for more protocols and health guidelines is felt. Many countries have made reforms in this regard to continue their tourism industry at the same time as the pandemic.The important point is that researchers in this field should pay attention to the direct effects of corona on the tourism industry and its effects on related industries.Materials and MethodsAs it turns out, tourists spend money to buy goods and services at destinations. Some are paid directly for accommodation, food centres, restaurants, retail shopping, transportation, and related entertainment. Since it is done in the tourism industry and has revenues for these industries, it is called the "direct effects" of tourism on the economy. Due to the increasing demand for tourism products, players in the tourism and related industries are encouraged to increase the supply of products. Therefore, hiring new labourers and producing more goods from domestic producers occurs to meet the demand for tourism, which is called "indirect effects".Increasing the employment of the labour force increases the total income of the residents of the tourist area that part of it is allocated to savings and part to the purchase goods and services for residents. The purchase of more goods and services by the surplus income creates additional demand and leads to more production and more employment, which is called the "induction effects". In general, "indirect effects" and "induction effects" constitute "secondary effects".The inbound tourists to Iran in the first six months of 1399 have decreased by almost 96%, affecting Gross Domestic Product, employment, imports, and income distribution. The effects of this reduction on employment in the country, given the high unemployment rate of 10 percent is important so that policymakers can create short-term and long-term packages as much as possible to prevent the increase in unemployment in the country. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the employment of Iran's tourism sector using the labour force statistics of the year 1398 and the updated input-output table of the year 1390.Discussion and ResultsAs stated, of the approximately 24 million 273 thousand people employed in Iran (according to the labour force census), 4,575,000 people are employed in tourism-related activities.As can be seen, there is a 1.88 percent decrease in employment and an increase in unemployment, of which 1.23 percent is a direct effect of the reduction in tourist arrivals, about 0.64 percent is based on the inter-sectorial relations of different sectors related to tourism, and 0.01 percent is due to induced demand.The results extracted from the calculation of the direct, indirect, and induced effects show that 456,000 out of 4,575,000 people working in the 13 sectors related to the tourism industry have lost their jobs (299 thousand direct effects and 257 thousand indirect effects).ConclusionsThe experience of tourist countries in the Covid-19 pandemic has shown that although the arrival of the disease has severely damaged these countries, they have somehow maintained their tourism activities by creating protocols and instructions, including performing PCR tests before 72 hours of flight time, the separation of tourists and citizens of the country by creating quarantine courses, and allocation of quarantine places for suspected people.Eventually, wholesale and retail services, transportation support and assistance services, passenger road transport, food and beverage neighbourhood services, and public accommodation have the most indirect negative impacts due to their close relationship with other industries.
Vida Aliyari; Maryam Sharifzadeh; Mostafa Ahmadvand
Abstract
This survey research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effects of tourism development on rural tourism destination areas. The statistical population was composed of 437 households resided in central District of Firoozabad county from which, 155 households were selected by using Bartlett Table ...
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This survey research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effects of tourism development on rural tourism destination areas. The statistical population was composed of 437 households resided in central District of Firoozabad county from which, 155 households were selected by using Bartlett Table and simple random sampling method. The research instrument was a custom-made questionnaire. Factor analysis findings showed that in terms of the economic effects of the combination of 21 variables, four factors (economic opportunities, living expenses, employment and economic gap) explained 63.30 % of variances. In the field of social effects, factor loadings of the 33 items were produced seven factors (community consolidation, social harm and promotion of culture, cultural exchanges, acculturation, assimilation and changing lifestyle) and overall accounted for 65.646 % of variances. A combination of 27 physical- environmental items yielded four factors, health and sanitation problems, infrastructural effects, landscape degradation and natural environment change.
Ali Pourang; Seyed Morteza Ghayour Baghbani; Morteza Rojoui; Omid Behboodi
Abstract
Religious travels play a significant role in tourism, and the optimal connection between spirituality and commercialization of the brand of religious tourism destinations should be guided by a comprehensive analysis of the stakeholders’ interests. The purpose of the study is to investigate the ...
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Religious travels play a significant role in tourism, and the optimal connection between spirituality and commercialization of the brand of religious tourism destinations should be guided by a comprehensive analysis of the stakeholders’ interests. The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between spirituality and commercialization of religious tourism brand in Mashhad, using the qualitative approach and grounded theory. Data collection was based on theoretical foundations, the study of upstream documents, and conducted deep, open, semi-structured interviews with experts that were selected purposefully. To analyze the data, a continuous comparison method has been used during three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. The results showed that 153 concepts in the interaction of spirituality and the brand commercialization exist in 5 contextual categories, 5 casual categories, 3 intervention categories, 3 strategic categories, 10 consequence categories and 3 categories of (inconsistency of national macro-measures with the interests of urban stakeholders, intra-organizational and inter-organizational conflict and partial optimization) as barriers to the implementation of strategies.
Abolfazl Shahabadi; Fariba Mehri Telyabi; Vahid Omidi
Abstract
Attracting foreign tourists could have a positive impact on the economy through the income achieved, But this requires the provision of minimums that have a determining effect on tourists’ decisions about whether choose or avoid entering a particular country. One of the most important variables ...
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Attracting foreign tourists could have a positive impact on the economy through the income achieved, But this requires the provision of minimums that have a determining effect on tourists’ decisions about whether choose or avoid entering a particular country. One of the most important variables influencing the decision is related to safety. The present article was to investigate the effect of institutional political risk index and its sub-indices on attracting tourists. Hence, MENA countries during the period 1995 to 2016 were selected as the test sample. To estimate the models we used FMOLS[1], and results showed that political risk as total factor has a determinant impact on attracting tourists. Also, the estimation showed the internal and external conflict sub-indices among other political risk ones have had a greater effect on attracting foreign tourists. [1] Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square
Tayyebeh Barahouei; Rouhollah Bagherimajd
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of information technology in attracting international students by mediating the values ofeducational tourism in higher education. The method used in this study was correlational. Statistical population used in this survey faculty of universities of ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of information technology in attracting international students by mediating the values ofeducational tourism in higher education. The method used in this study was correlational. Statistical population used in this survey faculty of universities of sistan and baluchestan based on a stratified random sample of171 peopel were selected. The research tool was three questionnaires, Educational Tourism Values, information technology and international students' attraction. Reliability and validity of all three tools were reported suitable. Analysis method was structural equation with Using PLS2 software. The results indicated, that influence of information technology has a directly and indirectly effect on Educational Tourism Values and international students attraction. Also, Educational Tourism Values had a direct impact on international students attraction. Universities can play a constructive role in attracting international students by planning, implementing and influencing information technology and paying attention to the valuesof education tourism.
Amir Mohammad Colabi; Simin Karimirad
Abstract
Today, the best method to be dynamic to confront the environmental changes, which lead to a deep gap between country’s needs and operation of corporations, is reconstructing the business models. Regarding the importance of reconstruction of business models, acquiring the advantage of competitiveness, ...
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Today, the best method to be dynamic to confront the environmental changes, which lead to a deep gap between country’s needs and operation of corporations, is reconstructing the business models. Regarding the importance of reconstruction of business models, acquiring the advantage of competitiveness, the goal of this investigation is identifying the reconstruction of business models mix. The investigation approach is qualitative and developmental in terms of purpose. The statistical sample includes 13 directors who have had the experience of entrepreneurship within the tourism industry. The tool to collect data is interview; to analyze such data, method of content analysis has been selected. What is presented as the result of the investigation is that four main factors of reconstruction corporation’s business models mix with concentration on processes, the major structure and based on profit models, within the framework of 4Cs are corporate culture, corporate social responsibility, creating shared values and capabilities.
Majid Akbari; Masoumeh Akbari
Abstract
The spread of Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) has affected the tourism industry more than any other industry; the closure of foreign borders, domestic travel restrictions, the cancellation of flights, and the closure of accommodation and tourist sites have all caused severe consequences in the tourism ...
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The spread of Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) has affected the tourism industry more than any other industry; the closure of foreign borders, domestic travel restrictions, the cancellation of flights, and the closure of accommodation and tourist sites have all caused severe consequences in the tourism industry. Continuation of this trend has reduced the level of competitiveness of most countries in the world to obtain more resources and benefits from travel and tourism thus far. In this regard, this article was to recognize and cluster the stimuli affecting the future competitiveness of tourism in Iran for the post-COVID era by using structural analysis. Theoretical data were collected using desk research, and experimental data by field method (interview, panel of experts, and cross-cutting questionnaire). The statistical population of this study was 20 experts and academic experts, using the Delphi technique and judgmental or purposeful sampling method. 41 stimuli in 4 dimensions of environmental empowerment, the readiness of conditions and legal framework of tourism, infrastructural readiness, and empowerment of natural and cultural resources are processed by structural interaction analysis method in MICMAC software. The findings of this study indicated that the stimuli clustering system indicates their concentration in the dual propulsion cluster. Also, among the 41 tourism competitiveness stimulus for the post-COVID era, the stimulus of boosting travel tours to attract tourists (infrastructural readiness), the choice of Iran due to previous experience (readiness of conditions and legal framework of tourism), and travel leap readiness and decent hosting of tourists (infrastructural readiness) are ranked first to third with 385, 364 and 361 direct impact, respectively. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that the type of 10 initially identified stimuli with high direct impact is of the type of infrastructural readiness.
Reza Mousavi; Maryam Omidi Najaf Abadi; Mehdi Mirdamadi; Seyed Jamal Farajollah Hosseini
Abstract
According to the importance of sustainability in tourism activities, the aim of this study was to achieve a model for the development of sustainable sports tourism with the approach of rural sports and local-native games in Mazandaran province.This study is a qualitative research that has been done using ...
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According to the importance of sustainability in tourism activities, the aim of this study was to achieve a model for the development of sustainable sports tourism with the approach of rural sports and local-native games in Mazandaran province.This study is a qualitative research that has been done using the grounded theory .Data analysis was performed during three stages of coding and led to the emergence of 354 open codes, 66 concepts in the form of 11 main categories.The results showed that the existence of sports tourism attractions, as a causal condition has led to the need to develop sustainable sports tourism with the approach of rural sports and local-native games.If policies,management and planning and marketing strategies are implemented in the appropriate context of the infrastructure and whit regard to religious and social participation and financial and supportive considerations,it can lead to the emergence of sustainable livelihood consequences for local communities.
Mohamadreza rabiee mandejin; Ali Gholami; Mohammad Alizadeh; Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh Larijani
Abstract
Introduction:
The growing attention to entrepreneurship in tourism research indicates the critical role of entrepreneurship and new businesses in innovation and value creation in tourism activities. The role of small and medium-sized businesses in tourism activities and their relationship with social ...
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Introduction:
The growing attention to entrepreneurship in tourism research indicates the critical role of entrepreneurship and new businesses in innovation and value creation in tourism activities. The role of small and medium-sized businesses in tourism activities and their relationship with social and economic development in rural areas highlight the development of entrepreneurial opportunities as a dynamic factor in the development of local communities. Therefore, the increasing focus on small businesses in tourism has directed the expert attention to the importance of entrepreneurship in such businesses.
Given its many tourist attractions, Khalkhal city has attracted the attention of local and non-local entrepreneurs in recent years. After 2011, Khalkhal faced an influx of tourists due to the geographical situation of the region. Located near the north of the country, the city is a tourist crossing point from the north of the country to Ardabil Province and vice versa. Therefore, many tourism entrepreneurs are now engaged in different activities in the city, which makes it necessary to pay serious attention to the approach of the tourism ecosystem. This requires planning and taking actions within the paradigm of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The entrepreneurial ecosystem helps find out about opportunities and threats by identifying relevant indicators and elements, thus providing a growth model for entrepreneurs. Therefore, supporting and strengthening the entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystem is one of the essential measures in identifying and developing desirable strategies to meet economic changes and social needs in rural areas.
Materials and Methods
As an applied study based on a mixed methods research design, the present article intended to identify and design a model of tourism entrepreneurship ecosystem in Khalkhal city. The statistical population of the study consisted of 15 local experts active in the fields of entrepreneurship and tourism. The Delphi method was used to collect the data. Having aligned the data with the theoretical foundations, the research identified and classified the elements of ecosystem by using the opinions of five academic experts and entrepreneurs.
Results and Discussion
According to the results obtained from the direct influence and impact situation, governance/leadership (a score of 1639) and networks/social capital (a score of 1475) were found to be the most influential factors impacting other elements. In the interviews, the entrepreneurs referred to the complex administrative bureaucracy as a significant obstacle to the development of tourism in the city. In fact, issuing a license in the tourism sector requires numerous inquiries from various departments, to which the delays of inefficient administration must be added.
According to the results, the first floor of the influence matrix housed the two elements of governance/leadership and physical infrastructure/attractions, which significantly impact other elements. However, the elements of community culture, networks and social capital, education and transmission, and business support services were located on the second floor, which indicates their high impact on the ecosystem. Moreover, the elements of human resources, financial infrastructure, and the life quality were in the second class, which indicates their high impact on the elements of the previous two classes. The first category also includes the element of contextual and general factors that act autonomously and have little impact on other elements.
Conclusion
Nowadays, the emerging hybrid and systematic view of issues, especially in the field of humanities, makes it even more necessary to pay attention to the study of the entrepreneurial ecosystem as the dominant paradigm in entrepreneurship studies. In this respect, the present article tried to study the rural entrepreneurship in Khalkhal city with an eye to the ecosystem approach. According to the results obtained from local experts in two complementary steps, it was found that the element of governance and leadership is the most fundamental element of the rural tourism entrepreneurship ecosystem in Khalkhal city. This finding is justified in light of the broad dimensions of the government in Iran, which play the same role in both designed models. In fact, the initiative of tourism entrepreneurship in the region is controlled by the government. Therefore, the reform of the legal structure, especially the laws supported and encouraged by the government, is the first step to the success of the tourism entrepreneurship ecosystem.
Seyed Morteza Hatefi; Nazanin Koohi Habibi; Elham Abdollahi
Abstract
Prioritizing tourism poles can be a benchmark for centralizing as well as determining tourist attractions and moderating inequality between regions and is a step in formulating a tourism development plan. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and prioritize tourism centers based on integrated fuzzy ...
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Prioritizing tourism poles can be a benchmark for centralizing as well as determining tourist attractions and moderating inequality between regions and is a step in formulating a tourism development plan. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and prioritize tourism centers based on integrated fuzzy Shannon’s entropy model and fuzzy additive ratio assessment (ARAS) method. For this purpose, first, the indicators affecting the development of tourism centers in the three areas of natural-ecological, spatial-physical-service, and socio-economic are identified using the literature and expert’s opinions. After collecting the data in the form of triangular fuzzy numbers, the importance and weight of each criterion in the development of tourism centers are identified by the fuzzy Shannon’s entropy method. Then, using the fuzzy ARAS method, tourism centers are evaluated and prioritized and those with the most potential for investment are identified.
