saeed isa zaddeh; soudeh ghodsi
Volume 7, Issue 17 , March 2012, , Pages 151-172
Abstract
This study aims to estimate the employment multipliers of the various sectors related to tourism industry. In this regard,the amount of direct, indirect, and induced jobs associated with tourism sectors were measured. Also, using the input-output table of 1380 of Iran’s economy,the first and second ...
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This study aims to estimate the employment multipliers of the various sectors related to tourism industry. In this regard,the amount of direct, indirect, and induced jobs associated with tourism sectors were measured. Also, using the input-output table of 1380 of Iran’s economy,the first and second employment multipliers were calculated.Results revealed that "wholesale and retail sales sector" with a normal multiplier of 0.002 and multiplier ratio of 15.15 obtains the first rank in creating jobs in Iran’s economy.
amir hoseyn shariati; nadia foruzan
Volume 5, Issue 14 , February 2011, , Pages 153-176
Abstract
Present article investigates the influencing factors on service quality of tourism agencies located at southern part of Isfahan. The objective is to study the influence of factors, namely service characteristics, responsiveness, Kindness, reliability, customer Relationship management, appearance (facilities), ...
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Present article investigates the influencing factors on service quality of tourism agencies located at southern part of Isfahan. The objective is to study the influence of factors, namely service characteristics, responsiveness, Kindness, reliability, customer Relationship management, appearance (facilities), price, technology, distribution, promotion, credibility, and warranty, on the service quality of tourism agencies. A self-structured questionnaire relying on servqual scale was designed and its validity was measured by Cronbach's coefficient alpha of 95.6%. Afterwards, hypotheses were tested on a statistical sample of 100 individuals to find correlation between factors. The highest correlation coefficient was found to be between technology and distribution (0.837). The resulted ranking classification turned out to be as the following: 1.responsiveness, 2.reliability, 3.credibility, 4.warranty, 5.kindness, 6.service characteristics, 7.appearance, 8.price, 9.technology, 10.distribution, 11.customer relationship management, 12.Promotion
nahid abdoli
Abstract
Nowadays, adventure tourism guarantees sustainable tourism precisely because of its proximity to nature and the aim of responsible preservation of natural resources. This research explores the propellant and influencing forces on the development of adventure tourism. A practical, quantitative-qualitative, ...
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Nowadays, adventure tourism guarantees sustainable tourism precisely because of its proximity to nature and the aim of responsible preservation of natural resources. This research explores the propellant and influencing forces on the development of adventure tourism. A practical, quantitative-qualitative, and exploratory method develops possible scenarios based on the future research approach. Data analysis was done using crass-impact balance analysis and forming a group of experts. The metaphors of headwaters, ponds, deserts, and swamps were presented to draw the vision of scenarios and to describe and predict the future of adventure tourism in 1410. The results of four robust, compatible, and probable scenarios indicate that the narrative of the swamp reveals the instability of the development of adventure tourism in Iran. Iran is very capable of becoming a destination for adventure tourism. Considering the influential role of tourism in the economy and society, corrective and targeted solutions for the sustainable development of tourism are inevitable for a hopeful future.Introduction Risky is the primary feature of adventure tourism. Processing data and information on the sustainable development variables, safety, natural resources, health, adventure activity resources, entrepreneurship, humanitarian, infrastructure, cultural resources, and the image of the adventure brand Adventure Tourism Development Index (ATDI) provide this possibility to by exploring and understanding assemble the course of evolution and the influence of determining factors on the sustainable development of adventure. It provides possession of researchers, policies, beneficiaries, and local communities. Thinking about the future requires specific language and techniques in order to predict the future. Scenarios can express any targeted and planned management in the form of predictable elements and uncertainties. The importance of foresight in the tourism industry has caused scenario-based planning to be referred to as the backbone of tourism (Postma, 2015, p. 46). Adventure tourism is significantly higher than the average growth rate of global tourism (Schott, 2007, p. 264). Kumar & Deshmukh (2022) predict the value of adventure tourism to reach $1,169,095 million by 2028, from $112,227 in 2020, with an annual growth rate of 20%. In this research, we show, by examining the two concepts of sustainable tourism and adventure tourism, that tourism as an intervening activity in the environment has essential effects on destination communities. Iran’s adventure tourism rank and position is a flip to investigate the reasons for inattention to this pioneer industry and to identify and narrate its compatible and probable scenarios.Materials and MethodsThe future study tries to determine the aims and values, describe the trends, and specify the conditions of realization and situations to draw different pictures of the future and evaluate and select alternative policies and plans. One of the methods of future study is scenario codification, in which two or more different scenarios or texts are usually written about the future of the subject that is most likely to occur. This research is applied, descriptive-analytical, and quantitative-qualitative. Generally, the scenario planning process is based on five steps: identification of context scenarios; recognition of influential factors; analysis of key factors; scenario production; scenario transfer (Kosow & Gaßner, 2008, p. 25). The data is a combination of a bibliographic and systematic review of tourism research in general and adventure tourism in particular. Statistical data processing and expert opinions were done by forming a Delphi panel and completing the mutual effects questionnaire. Variables were collected by examining previous research; the statistical population is the activists, employees, and tourists of the Iranian tourism industry, and the sample size consists of 12 tourism experts and activists, especially adventure tourism. The analysis of exploratory and probable scenarios through Scenario Wizard software deals with possible futures with a horizon of 1410.Discussion and ResultsThe analysis of the findings was completed by using the main stages of future studies by Voros (2005). In this model, field identification and propellant forces have been obtained from the global index of adventure tourism. ATDI 2020 shows the weak position of Iran with a rank of 91 among 163 developing countries (Less than the global average). The three main factors of security and hosting, adventure, and preparation are influential in determining the index; each of these factors includes a set of variables that significantly impact the development of adventure. The Crass-Impact balance analysis method is used in scenario analysis, which is a qualitative technique for analyzing influence networks. Each variable with a range of different current situations was exposed to the four concepts of development, continuity, destruction, and crisis. In the best case, the possible and compatible scenarios obtained from the consensus of experts reflect the continuation of the current situation. Finally, an intense scenario and three scenarios with high compatibility and higher probability of occurrence were presented, indicating the continuation of the current trend and the crisis in the medium-term future. The two propellant forces of sustainable development and the image of the adventure brand form the two heads of the model due to their importance and uncertainty. The metaphors of headwater, pond, desert, and swamp were presented to draw the vision of scenarios and to describe and predict the future of adventure tourism in 1410.ConclusionsA strong and probable scenario can be realized by predicting the swamp narrative on the horizon of 1410 unless they are replaced by a change in the attitude towards specific tourism, the social participation of the host community in the planning and development process, rational and embodied policies and most importantly, efficient reforms of out of access scenarios. Iran’s geographical conditions and economic and social characteristics are an opportunity for the future of adventure tourism. Educated, professional, and interested audiences accept many of the cultural constraints and barriers of the local community and act responsibly towards cultural resources. In the direction of the research aim, a set of policy, management, and research solutions are presented in this field. This enables tourism policies and planners to answer these two questions in the future, what will we do? Furthermore, how should we do it? Make a decision
Arman Akhoondnejad; Bibi Sara Daz
Abstract
Nature-based tourism is one of the most important types of tourism that plays a very important role in the development of sustainable environments. One of the best practices for sustainable environmental development is to focus and improve the pro-environmental behavior of the tourist. Hence, this research ...
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Nature-based tourism is one of the most important types of tourism that plays a very important role in the development of sustainable environments. One of the best practices for sustainable environmental development is to focus and improve the pro-environmental behavior of the tourist. Hence, this research explores the pro-environmental behavior of the tourist and empirically investigates the role of attachment to the place on tourist satisfaction. To this end, 286 domestic tourists who visited the international wetland of Alagol were surveyed using available sampling method. Using structural equation modeling through Liserl software, the results showed positive and significant effects of attachment to the location and tourist satisfaction on the pro-environmental behavior of tourist. The attachment to the place also had a positive and significant effect on the satisfaction of the tourists.
Hamid Masoudi; Mohsen Noghani; Hossein Behravan
Abstract
The sociological analysis of marriage tourism among young Iranian couples is the purpose of this study. Lack of proper understanding of the causes, processes, and consequences of this type of tourism is an issue that is pursued in this study. The approach of the present research is qualitative and the ...
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The sociological analysis of marriage tourism among young Iranian couples is the purpose of this study. Lack of proper understanding of the causes, processes, and consequences of this type of tourism is an issue that is pursued in this study. The approach of the present research is qualitative and the method of data collection and analysis is content analysis. Findings show that honeymoon travel is the most important type of marriage tourism in Iran. This trip is to natural and religious destinations. And the quality of appropriate, diverse and accessible services, family support and individual motivations such as vitality, empowerment, avoidance of restrictions and major advertising are the reasons for this type of tourism. Marriage is a cultural event that has become one of the main tourism axes today. Important cities of Iran such as Mashhad, Kish, and Isfahan on the one hand and foreign countries, on the other hand, are the destinations of marriage tourism. Family travel, without the presence of outsiders and at a considerable cost, forms part of the process of this type of tourism. The major implications are the receiving of psychological, social and family feedback on the one hand and the tendency to travel more on the other. The present study has attempted to analyze the issue of marriage tourism from different aspects.
Information systems
seyed mohsen lotfi ashtiani; lila andervazh; Ebrahim Albo naeimi
Abstract
This is developmental research, with a qualitative method. The statistical population in the qualitative phase includes the managers of medical tourism facility companies and the managers of the department of international patients in Tehran hospitals, including Farabi Khatem Al-Anbia (pbuh) and Shahid ...
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This is developmental research, with a qualitative method. The statistical population in the qualitative phase includes the managers of medical tourism facility companies and the managers of the department of international patients in Tehran hospitals, including Farabi Khatem Al-Anbia (pbuh) and Shahid Rajaei Heart hospitals, of which 15 people were selected purposefully and non-randomly. The main tool of data collection is semi-structured in-depth interviews. Qualitative data analysis was done using the database theory method and MAXQDA software. In the quantitative section, the statistical population includes all patients who refer to hospitals in Tehran (unlimited population), based on which a sample of 384 people was selected using Morgan's table. Data collection was done in the quantitative section using a questionnaire and data analysis was done with the partial least squares method.Based on the obtained paradigm model, the components related to digital marketing in the medical tourism industry in six categories of causal factors (application marketing, social media marketing, digital advertising, display advertising, facilitating communication, and providing the information), background conditions (social media technology, social media environment, interactivity, comprehensibility), central phenomenon (human-centered digital marketing, customer data analysis, and market development), strategies (b short-term and long-term strategies, functional value and expected value), intervening conditions (software and hardware indicators) and outcomes (tourist loyalty, tourist satisfaction, service quality, and social media content) were identified.IntroductionMedical tourism can be defined as the process of traveling outside the country of residence in order to receive medical care. The growing popularity of medical tourism has attracted the attention of policymakers, researchers, and the media. In the past, the term often referred to the travel of patients from less developed countries to pursue treatments unavailable in their country. At the same time, we are experiencing quantitative and qualitative changes in patient mobility as people travel from wealthier to less developed countries to access health services. Such a change is mainly due to the relatively low cost of treatments in less developed countries, the availability of low-cost flights, and increased online marketing and consumer information about the availability of medical services. Medical tourism represents a multi-billion-dollar worldwide phenomenon expected to grow significantly over the next decade. For those interested in health care, cost is a key factor in receiving medical care abroad.With the development of mobile applications and increasing digital literacy, digital marketing is becoming the dominant paradigm in the service industries today, and this is also true in medical tourism. In order to create trust and awareness in medical tourism, offices and centers providing such services must provide timely and reliable information to patients worldwide. Therefore, in the past few years, social media has been used as a medical tourism tool for advertising and information. Some countries' experience shows that social media use and investment in this field have played a significant role in the development of medical tourism. Iran - at least at the regional level - has high capacities for developing medical tourism; a large part of this capacity has yet to be realized.If a targeted and appropriate program is made for digital marketing, the necessary platform for developing medical tourism in the country will be provided. However, despite some medical tourism agencies' occasional use of social media, there needs to be a codified and coherent program in this field inside the country. Part of this shortcoming may be that managers and decision-makers in the medical tourism sector need to be better aware of the importance and effectiveness of social media in attracting tourists and patients. In this regard, the first step will be to prove the effectiveness of social media for marketing medical tourism destinations by conducting field studies. Such studies will increase senior managers' insight and awareness of the high potential of social media. On the other hand, the review of the research literature shows that despite conducting numerous studies in medical tourism marketing, there needs to be more research in presenting a model in this field. Especially In domestic studies, more effort must be made to present the digital marketing model of medical tourism. These studies need to indicate a research gap in medical tourism destination marketing. With these explanations, the current research aims to provide a marketing model for medical tourism destinations in Iran using digital media.Materials and MethodsThe current research is developmental research. Qualitative data analysis was done with exploratory and interview-based data theory, and quantitative data analysis was based on the nature and method of descriptive-survey research, which was a questionnaire for data collection. Also, the current research was conducted with a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach.The statistical population in the qualitative phase includes managers of companies that facilitate medical tourism and managers of international patients' departments in Tehran hospitals, including Farabi Hospital, Shahid Rajaee's Heart Hospital, and Khatem Al_Anbia Hospital, of which 15 people were selected in a non-random way. In the quantitative section, the statistical population includes all patients who refer to hospitals in Tehran (infinite population), based on which a sample of 384 people was selected using Morgan's table.The main data collection tool in the qualitative part is the semi-structured in-depth interview. In the quantitative part, to test these research hypotheses, a questionnaire tool was used to collect information. In order to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated, and two methods of form-content validity and divergent validity were used to check the validity.Qualitative data analysis was done using the database theory method and MAXQDA software. In order to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses, inferential statistics, partial least squares technique (PLS), and Smart PLS software were used. Discussion and ResultsThe indicators of application marketing, social media marketing, digital advertising, display advertising, facilitating communication and providing information were selected as categories of causal conditions in developing the research model. Social media marketing is important because it not only creates a relationship between the organization and customers, but also provides a network of internal relationships between customers to talk about the brand; so, it forms an ecosystem of mutual relations that provides the basis for promoting a product or brand as much as possible.Social media technology, environment, interactivity, and comprehensibility indicators were selected as background categories in developing the research model. Over time, a social media marketing strategy reinforces a company's brand and message in customers' minds. That is important because consistent branding tells consumers what to expect from a company, leading to reputation. If a business can continue to meet these expectations and improve its reputation, it can build trust among loyal customers and increase its brand value in the eyes of consumers. Strategic use of social media has become essential for marketers to achieve competitive advantage and superior performance.Human-centered digital marketing indicators, customer data analysis, and market development were selected as central categories in developing the research model. Customer-oriented marketing is an approach in which the business identifies customers' needs, problems, and challenges by conducting market research, collecting and categorizing data, and creating value by providing solutions. This approach focuses on maximizing customer lifetime value (CLV) and converting potential customers into loyal customers. Today's model for building a company's brand differs from the past. Thanks to the rise of social media and the increasing number of ways we can communicate with each other, branding has become less about traditional PR and marketing campaigns and more about organic growth. In social media, an organic relationship is created with the permanent presence of humans (users), which leads to the promotion and introduction of the brand in the best way. Previous studies have shown that the strength of human ties is an important determinant of customer behavior in social networks.Software and hardware indicators were selected as intervention categories in developing the research model. This finding shows that success in digital marketing requires a new combination of hardware and software. With the advent of widespread social networking platforms, customers are no longer limited to a passive role in their relationship with a company. In addition to having more information about competitive products available anywhere on mobile devices, customers can easily express their opinions and distribute them to a large audience. Companies are likely to manage customers' messages about their products/services. They find it difficult. The net effect of the rise of social media-based technologies has been to increase the power of consumers. Instead of CRM, companies should focus on understanding vendor relationship management (VRM), where consumers manage their vendor relationships. These developments are potentially harmful to companies: customers spreading negative messages about a company can damage its reputation. However, the rise of social media offers companies opportunities to listen and engage with their customers and potentially encourage them to become advocates for their products. The challenge for companies is identifying and using such opportunities and avoiding the following traps.Indicators of short-term and long-term strategies, functional value, and expected value were selected as strategic categories in developing the research model. The customer spends money to buy the product or service he receives. What does he want in return? Of course, he wants value that justifies or exceeds his price. Customers today have several options and alternatives. So, the question is, how can a company please and retain its customers? The answer is simple; customers' money should be valued. Customer value is a measure to determine the value of a product or service and compare it with its alternatives. It is a tool that determines whether the customer feels they are getting enough value for the money they have spent. So, technically, value serves as an insight into preventing customer regret.The indicators of tourist loyalty, satisfaction, service quality, and social media content were selected as outcome categories in developing the research model. Studies show that loyal customers spend 67% more on products and services than new customers. So, even if most loyal customers make up only 20% of the audience, they provide up to 80% of revenue. When it is 5x easier to retain a customer than to acquire a new one, numbers like these are hard to ignore. Loyal customers are more likely than new customers to buy products and services from the same brand or store again.
Mohammad Ali Firoozi
Abstract
The present research was conducted with the general objective of site selection of hotels in Ahvaz and with the specific objectives of the proper distribution of hotels in the city and reducing the traffic load caused by unnecessary trips. In this regard, we have two main questions and we are seeking ...
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The present research was conducted with the general objective of site selection of hotels in Ahvaz and with the specific objectives of the proper distribution of hotels in the city and reducing the traffic load caused by unnecessary trips. In this regard, we have two main questions and we are seeking to answer: 1. does the city of Ahvaz need new hotels? 2. If new hotels are needed, which areas are a priority for the construction of new hotels? In this study, according to five criteria of compatibility, accessibility, utility, efficiency, and safety, the main criteria for locating hotels in Ahvaz City have been extracted and classified according to expert opinions. The results of the research indicate that areas: “KuyehBustan”, “KuyehSepidar”, “Kian Pars (ShahidChamran St.)”, “Kourosh (KuyehMellat)”, “Azadegan St.”, “Naderi St. (Salman Farsi)”, and “Amanyeh St. (Enghelab)” and “KuyehTakhti area” enjoy the priority 1 for building new hotels. Furthermore, “Baharestan”, “Naderi (Strict of Hafiz St. to Chahar Rah)”, “Kian Abad”, “ChaharShir Region”, “KuyehNaft”, and “Lashkar Ahvaz Bridge Strict” regions have the priority number 2 for constructing new hotels
Mohsen Akbari; Mostafa Ebrahimpour; Maryam Eghdami Tatfi
Abstract
Today, consumer emotional arousal has become very popular among marketers. It is widely accepted that people’s old memories can serve as an excellent tool to sell products to them. Marketing experts have always tried to tie their products into memories of the simple and calm days of people. The ...
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Today, consumer emotional arousal has become very popular among marketers. It is widely accepted that people’s old memories can serve as an excellent tool to sell products to them. Marketing experts have always tried to tie their products into memories of the simple and calm days of people. The places and their advertisements for attracting visitors are not exceptions. The importance of creating and maintaining a distinctive atmosphere has gained increasing attention among researchers and tourism managers and it is considered as a key factor in attracting and satisfying customers as well as increasing financial performance by maximizing revenue and market share in the tourism industry. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of perceived nostalgia on attachment to place. In terms of the purposes this is an applied research and in terms of the methodology, this is descriptive –survey. The questionnaire was used to collect data from which 302 clients from the "Sini Por" traditional restaurant were investigated and examined. Using the Structural Equation Modelling and Smart PLS software, the data collected from the sample has been analyzed. The results indicated that the relationship between attachment to place and perceived nostalgia is significant.
fariba vahidzadegan; Ali Zangiabadi
Abstract
Abstract Introduction In the face of the increasing competitiveness of the tourism industry, destination tourism brand emerges as an important asset determining tourism destination identity. Attention to the urban landscape and planning is one of the most important factors that can greatly impact the ...
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Abstract Introduction In the face of the increasing competitiveness of the tourism industry, destination tourism brand emerges as an important asset determining tourism destination identity. Attention to the urban landscape and planning is one of the most important factors that can greatly impact the urban brand. Urban landscape initially attracted the attention of the tourists. In a competitive environment, cities try to gain more market share, outstanding talent, and global attention. The main resources and attractions that are the key motivators for traveling and visiting a destination are divided into eight categories: 1- Environmental attractions (natural and human-made landscapes) 2- Culture and history 3- souvenirs and handicrafts 4-customs 5-celebrities 6-food 7- festivities and events 8-Tourism infrastructures. Apart from their role in shaping the form of the city, good and prominent urban landscapes serve as a tool for governments to increase their ability to attract tourists and global investments. Cities with a favorable visual environment can enhance their mental image and strengthen civic pride by expanding the audience's aesthetic experience. In such a competitive environment, paying attention to the urban brand is more important than ever. Urban and tourism managers have realized that to promote tourism, they must pay attention to various aspects of urban branding. The urban landscape is one of the factors that greatly impact the urban brand and its development and progress. This study investigates the role of the Isfahan urban landscape in the tourism brand of this city. This study investigates the role of Isfahan urban landscape in the tourism brand of the city. The main purpose of this study was to Explain the Interaction of Tourism brand equity and Urban Landscape from the Perspective of Foreign Tourists and prioritize the factors affecting the Isfahan tourism brand equity. Data and Method With a rich historical, cultural, artistic, natural background, Isfahan city is one of Iran's most important tourist destinations. The present study is applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytic and survey concerning the method. The statistical population of the survey includes all foreign tourists who visited the city of Isfahan in 2019. The study sample based on Cochran's formula is 383 foreign tourists. In this research, by using the brand equity model, we validate the Isfahan tourism brand by emphasizing the city perspective from the view of foreign tourists. The data collection method is a questionnaire, and that of data analysis is by using Amos 23 software; In order to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire, Gronbach's alpha was used, which is 0.89 for this questionnaire and indicates the acceptable reliability of the questionnaire. The method of factor analysis is confirmatory. Results Brand image is the closest step to brand formation. A brand image is a perception of the brand reflected in the customer's mind by brand associates. A brand image does not have to be an objective image. The study results indicate that Isfahan's brand image has the most role in Isfahan's tourism brand equity. Also, historical attractions, cultural attractions, and handicrafts sequentially show the Isfahan branding image from the perspective of foreign tourists. Conclusions The image of Isfahan tourist destination in foreign tourists' view is an image of a historical tourist destination. Historical landscape, natural landscape, and handicrafts in the case of Isfahan are considered competitive advantages; Especially the first one is a distinctive and unique feature of Isfahan compared to competing destinations. Improving and increasing the quality of the landscape affects the urban brand directly and has high power in attracting tourists and different investors. The urban landscape is one factor that greatly influences the urban brand and its development and progress.
Seyed Mojtaba Moussavi Neghabi; Seyed Ali Hosseini; Nima Moshiri Langroudi
Abstract
The development of film and television entertainment has led to the rapid growth of film tourism in recent years (Tang, 2020). People spend a lot of their free time watching movies (Cormby, Sanford & Pickering, 2019: 14). Following the global trend, Iranians also watch more than two hours of their ...
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The development of film and television entertainment has led to the rapid growth of film tourism in recent years (Tang, 2020). People spend a lot of their free time watching movies (Cormby, Sanford & Pickering, 2019: 14). Following the global trend, Iranians also watch more than two hours of their free time on TV every day (Moeidfar, 1399). Besides the beginning of the Corona pandemic and the imposition of severe restrictions on the closure of recreational and sports centres and domestic and international travel (Akbari and Ansari, 1399) have caused part of the leisure time spent travelling and travelling to other things, specially allocated watching Film. According to statistics, after the spread of the Coronavirus in the United States, watching online movies, TV, and online TV has increased by 39, 39 and 38%, respectively (World Wide Web Index, 2020), a factor in the growing importance of Film in tourism marketing.Corona restrictions have reduced international tourism by 78% (Chen, 2020). The OECD estimates this damage at up to 80% (Stacey, 2020). In Iran, the tourism sector has been severely challenged due to the outbreak of coronary heart disease and many accommodations and tourism centres have been closed during this period (Hassanpour, Shahi and Arjangmehr, 1399). Of course, it is expected that with the global injection of the corona vaccine, tourism will gradually return to its place. According to statistics obtained from research in Indonesia, 78% of people will travel again after the end of the corona, and even 65% of these people stated that they travelled within the first 6 months after the end of the corona (Vachioni, 2020). One can expect domestic tourism to grow first and then travel abroad. Therefore, we must use media attractions, especially movies, to attract tourists and compete with other destinations during this period.MethodsThe present study is applied research in terms of purpose, survey research in terms of data collection method, and descriptive research. Data analysis and hypothesis testing were performed by structural equation modelling of least squares (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS software, version 3.3. The questionnaire was also used to measure variables and collect data. This questionnaire consists of 46 questions, of which 7 items are related to demographic questions, and the rest are designed as follows: Introduction to the destination (5 questions, researcher-made); Filming location nostalgia (4 questions, taken from (Kim et al., 2019)); Film music nostalgia (4 questions, researcher-made); Nostalgia for the story of the Film (6 questions, taken from (Kim et al., 2019)); Nostalgia for movie actors (5 questions; taken from (Kim and Kim, 2018a)); Following the actors (4 questions, (Kim and Kim, 2018a)); Creating and maintaining a tourist attraction (4 questions, made by a researcher); Music tourism (3 questions, researcher-made) and travel motivation (4 questions, taken from (Oha and Kim, 2020)). The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were evaluated and confirmed based on composite reliability, representative reliability, convergent validity and differential validity.The statistical population of the present study is all people who have watched the movie "What time is it in your world" at least once? In other words, the condition for completing the questionnaire is to watch this Film. Respondents were asked to watch the video before completing the questionnaire, and one of the questionnaire questions was about the number of times the respondent had watched the video. The questionnaire was designed online, and its link is available to people. Using G * Power software, considering the effect size (f2) equal to 0.15, the significance level of 5%, the statistical power of 80%, and 5 predictor variables, the minimum sample size of 132 items was determined. After several follow-up sessions, 164 questionnaires were collected, of which 4 were excluded from the analysis because the number of missing data was more than 15%, and 160 questionnaires were used in the analysis.Discussion and ResultsThe present study is applied research in terms of purpose, survey research in terms of data collection method, and descriptive research. Data analysis and hypothesis testing were performed by structural equation modelling of least squares (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS software, version 3.3. The questionnaire was also used to measure variables and collect data. This questionnaire consists of 46 questions, of which 7 items are related to demographic questions, and the rest are designed as follows: Introduction to the destination (5 questions, researcher-made); Filming location nostalgia (4 questions, taken from (Kim et al., 2019)); Film music nostalgia (4 questions, researcher-made); Nostalgia for the story of the Film (6 questions, taken from (Kim et al., 2019)); Nostalgia for movie actors (5 questions; taken from (Kim and Kim, 2018a)); Following the actors (4 questions, (Kim and Kim, 2018a)); Creating and maintaining a tourist attraction (4 questions, made by a researcher); Music tourism (3 questions, researcher-made) and travel motivation (4 questions, taken from (Oha and Kim, 2020)). The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were evaluated and confirmed based on composite reliability, representative reliability, convergent validity and differential validity.In the present study, using the least partial structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), the conceptual model of the research was tested. Out of 12 paths defined in the model, 11 research hypotheses were confirmed, and only one hypothesis was not accepted at the significance level of 0.95. This study shows that film nostalgia is positively related to travel motivation, which is consistent with previous studies that show that film nostalgia greatly affects tourist attitudes and behaviours (Oha and Kim, 2020; Kim et al., 2017). The effect of total film nostalgia on travel motivation equals 0.727, which shows the high impact of film nostalgia on travel motivation. In particular, the research findings show that among the various dimensions of film nostalgia, most viewers who feel nostalgic for film music and film actors are more motivated to visit the destination. Perhaps the high impact of music nostalgia on travel motivation can be attributed to the harmony of film music with the culture and environment of the destination (Guilan) because the average response to the phrase "film music has the spirit of Guilan." Above average. But, on the contrary, due to the lack of coordination of the Film's story with the destination (Gilan), the effect of the Film's nostalgia on the motivation to travel is low. Therefore, it is suggested to increase the impact of film nostalgia on tourism to coordinate all dimensions of film nostalgia, i.e. music, story, actors and filming location, with the intended destination space.One of the differences between the present study and previous studies is the effect of familiarity with the destination on the nostalgia of the Film, which was accepted at the significance level of 0.000. In other words, the viewer's previous familiarity with the location of the filming, by searching for the tourist attractions of the destination on the Internet or a previous visit, increases the feeling of nostalgia and thus has a greater impact on travel motivation. Another hypothesis confirmed in the present study is the positive effect of film nostalgia on music tourism. The feeling of nostalgia for the film positively impacts the spectator's motivation to attend the film singer's concert or buy a film music album. This research finding is consistent with previous studies (Kim et al., 2019). However, the hypothesis of a direct effect of music tourism on travel variables at the significance level of 0.95 was not accepted. Of course, the indirect effect of film music nostalgia on travel motivation with a total effect of 0.284 is significant. Another aspect of the present study with previous studies is the study of the hypothesis of the impact of film nostalgia on the creation and maintenance of tourist attractions, which was confirmed with a path coefficient of 0.434.
tourism management
Alireza Asadzadeh; Mohammad Sadegh Sharifirad; Mohammad Shaker Ardakani
Abstract
Due to the expansion of the tourism and hotel industry and the role of leadership quality in the promotion and successful development of this industry, several studies have been conducted on this statistical population, considering the specific environmental conditions. Also, recent research has presented ...
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Due to the expansion of the tourism and hotel industry and the role of leadership quality in the promotion and successful development of this industry, several studies have been conducted on this statistical population, considering the specific environmental conditions. Also, recent research has presented a direct, positive, and meaningful relationship between authentic leadership, organizational success, growth, and emergence in the tourism sector. This research aims to investigate the impact of authentic leadership on employees’ thriving at work in the hotel industry, considering the moderating role of organizational politics. A quantitative method (correlation type of structural equation modeling) was used in this regard. The statistical population of the research was hotel employees, and after determining the sample size by G*POWER and distributing questionnaires, 349 complete questionnaires were collected from hotel employees in Shiraz. Initially, reliability and validity were investigated using AMOS software and then the hypotheses were tested using SPSS software and the Process module. The results indicated a positive and significant relationship between authentic leadership and thriving at work, and organizational politics was a significant moderator in that when organizational politics perception was high, the positive effect of authentic leadership on employees’ thriving at work increased. This important finding shows that high organizational politics in organizations adds to the importance of an authentic leader’s positive impact on followers’ thriving at work. IntroductionIn the last decade, the discussion of leadership has always been one of the topics of interest to management and organizational behavior thinkers because, in success or failure, the tip of the arrow of attention has been pointed toward them (Amankwaa et al., 2022). One of the influential factors in achieving the success and prosperity of the employees at work and organizational well-being is the correct use of the leadership style appropriate to the existing situation in the organization. In this regard, using an authentic leadership style can bring us closer to this goal. slow down (Surucu, 2022).Industry leaders in the tourism sector have predicted that the share of GDP in this sector will increase by fifty percent (Warokka et al., 2020). Furthermore, the social growth model presented by Spreitzer et al. (2012) provided a theoretical foundation for examining authentic leadership to achieve success at work. They stated that individual and organizational factors influence success at work, and these two factors will cause success in employees' work by satisfying basic psychological needs. Success at work a psychological state in which a person experiences vitality and learning. (Fang et al., 2021).The relationship between leadership and an organization's outputs is dependent on its environment. One variable that describes the organization's environment is organizational policy. Organizational politics is a process of social influence in which behavior is strategically designed to maximize personal interests in the short or long term at the expense of the interests of others. (Cho & Yang, 2018).This research contributes to the knowledge of authentic leadership and work success in several ways. After considering organizational politics moderation, it was shown that the presence of this variable in the organization affects the desired relationship.Literature ReviewIn internal studies, research about authentic leadership and its impact on success in work with the role of organizational politics as a moderator has yet to be investigated.The authors' review of the background of research in foreign studies also showed that there is more diversity in the topics and titles of foreign research than in domestic studies. One reason for this is the long history of recognition of authentic leadership in international studies.MethodologyConsidering that in this research, the researcher seeks to apply the research results and help identify the variable effect of authentic leadership on success at work, this research is of an applied type in terms of its purpose. Also, because the current research deals with the study of what exists according to the research literature and with the help of the background of the conducted research and related books, in terms of the research method, it is a descriptive survey and the research design is quantitative with the correlation method. It is a type of structural equation modeling.The statistical population included the employees of hotels in Shiraz metropolis (21 hotels), and finally, 349 complete questionnaires were collected according to the sample size determined by G*Power software. ResultsThe present research has investigated the relationship between authentic leadership and success at work, considering the moderating role of organizational politics. In the first hypothesis, the research findings showed a significant positive relationship between authentic leadership and success at work. This means that employees’ success will increase using of an authentic leadership style. This finding is in line with the research results of (2016) Mortier et al. (2019) Wu & Chen and (2021) Iqbal et al. In general, research shows that authentic leaders, due to the transparency they show and show their true selves, incline followers towards them and influence their performance (Wang et al., 2021). An authentic leader directs employees by applying discipline, rules, and rigid procedures. This leadership style influences employees to achieve self-fulfillment at work (Iqbal et al., 2021). In addition, authentic leaders create empathy for their employees by applying the desired style in the organization. This empathy affects employees’ well-being, learning, and strengthening, ultimately leading them to prosperity and success at work (Chang et al., 2021).In the second hypothesis, the results of the desired hypothesis showed that organizational politics moderate the relationship between authentic leadership and success at work, which means that with the increase of organizational politics, the influence of authentic leadership increases success at work. This result is consistent with the research findings (2020) by Khuwaja et al.Due to the competitive and ambiguous nature of political contexts, authentic leaders may be less able to motivate and satisfy followers who become distressed, quit, or become disaffected by the political disclosure of behavior by others. They become pessimistic. In addition, authentic leaders’ tendency to speak honestly and listen to different perspectives may expose them to disproportionate efforts toward performance acceptable to followers, undermining their ability to influence follower outcomes. Finally, the transparent nature of authentic leadership can reveal sensitive knowledge and elements from leaders that others can use politically. Therefore, according to the results obtained from the data analysis, the relationship between authentic leadership and success at work changes in the presence of moderating variables such as organizational politics. This means that by increasing organizational politics, the effect of authentic leadership on success at work is strengthened, and employees feel more successful at work.
tourism management
Narges Larijani; Morteza Shafiee; Seyyed Ismail Najafi
Abstract
The present study aims to identify the cultural strategies of the ecotourism centers of Mazandaran province with an approach based on thematic analysis. This study is practical based on the purpose. The qualitative research approach and the statistical population included 137 narratives related to cultural ...
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The present study aims to identify the cultural strategies of the ecotourism centers of Mazandaran province with an approach based on thematic analysis. This study is practical based on the purpose. The qualitative research approach and the statistical population included 137 narratives related to cultural strategies of Mazandaran province ecotourism centers in online social media. One hundred thirteen narratives were analyzed with the help of theoretical saturation and judgmental sampling. Narratives were manually coded by searching tourism websites and using a three-step open, central, and selective method, and then based on the SWOT method; different points were combined and shown in the form of a network of topics. The results indicate the identification of 10 organizing themes and 75 basic themes regarding the cultural strategies of the eco-tourism centers of Mazandaran province as comprehensive themes. Also, the results show that the cultural strategies of Mazandaran eco-tourism centers include a learning culture strategy, e-learning culture strategy, technology application culture strategy, creative tourism culture strategy, food tourism culture strategy, green culture strategy, social-cultural strategy, artistic, cultural strategy, economic, cultural strategy, and cultural marketing strategy.Introduction Ecotourism is a new type of tourism that appeals to educated and adventurous personalities who enjoy undeveloped and unspoiled natural, cultural, and historical places. Developing ecotourism aims to protect the nature of areas by providing income, protecting the environment, and educating and involving local communities. To develop the culture of ecotourism, the culture of ecotourism centers must be compatible with its strategies. Otherwise, they prepare themselves to face almost a strategic failure. Having multiple strategies is essential to having a successful system. These strategies reflect tangible and intangible organizational objectives and are determined by strategic management. A manager can determine the strategies and how to implement them through strategic management. Then, organizations are evaluated based on the implementation of these strategies. Organizations that implement strategies achieve a high level of performance. In this regard, identifying the cultural strategies of ecotourism can be one of the essential steps in moving the ecotourism cycle forward and introducing potential capabilities. Through cultural strategies, plans to strengthen the region's potential and development can be effectively advanced. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to identify the dimensions of cultural strategies of ecotourism centers in Mazandaran province. MethodologyThe approach of this research is qualitative, and its strategy is narrative analysis. The statistical population includes all narratives related to the cultural strategies of ecotourism centers in Mazandaran province (websites and blogs), which amounted to 137 narratives, and the sample size was estimated based on the logic of the judgmental sampling method. To achieve this goal, all published narratives on websites and blogs were first examined to determine the author and date of composition. Additionally, websites and blogs containing narratives about ecotourism centers in Mazandaran province were categorized. Then, these media were examined based on their communication channels and accessibility to their managers and audiences, the level of visitors, and the presence of electronic trust symbols. Those lacking such features were excluded from the research domain, and only 113 selected narratives were considered. After identifying the themes, they were manually coded in three open, axial, and selective coding stages and displayed on the thematic network. In addition, sub-strategies were also presented based on the SWOT Method and by combining different points. Discussion and conclusionIn this study, in response to the question raised, using the narrative Analysis Method and three Open, Axial, and Selective Coding Methods, as well as the SWOT Model, ten organizational themes, 75 basic themes, and one overarching theme, namely the cultural strategies of ecotourism centers in Mazandaran Province, were identified and displayed on the thematic network. In response to the main question, the results indicate that ecotourism centers should focus on the cultural learning strategy to attract tourists. Additionally, the results show that the electronic cultural learning strategy, food tourism culture strategy, and creative tourism culture strategy are cultural strategies that previous research needs to pay more attention to but are important for ecotourism. In addition, the green culture strategy is another strategy that previous research has primarily referred to as a green strategy in other statistical societies and not in tourism industries or ecotourism centers. Although it has similar indicators and criteria, such as health, non-pollution, cost-effectiveness, and adherence to environmental commitments, none have been referred to as a green cultural strategy. The social-cultural strategy is another dimension of cultural strategies of ecotourism centers in Mazandaran Province. Another result was the artistic and cultural strategy, which, although previous research has focused on various arts to attract tourists to ecotourism centers, has yet to be referred to and examined as a cultural strategy. Finally, the results showed that the economic, cultural, and cultural marketing strategies are other dimensions of the cultural strategies of ecotourism centers in Mazandaran Province.ConclusionOverall, the results showed that ecotourism centers that intend to improve their performance could use cultural strategies such as the learning culture strategy, electronic cultural learning strategy, technology application culture strategy, creative tourism culture strategy, food tourism culture strategy, green culture strategy, social-cultural strategy, artistic, cultural strategy, economic, cultural strategy, and cultural marketing strategy to achieve their objectives.
ja'far ja'fari
Abstract
At the closing of the 20th century, benefiting from many years of research and scholarship on tourism , UNESCO's documents outlining the scope and nature of its 1996 Paris seminar on Cu/lure , Tourism , Development.Crucial Issues for the 2/"Centmydeclared that "tourism would not exist without culture ...
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At the closing of the 20th century, benefiting from many years of research and scholarship on tourism , UNESCO's documents outlining the scope and nature of its 1996 Paris seminar on Cu/lure , Tourism , Development.Crucial Issues for the 2/"Centmydeclared that "tourism would not exist without culture ". According to its seminar program , culture is one of the principal motivations for the tourist movement , and any form of tourism provokes a cultural effect on both the host and guest Culture and Tourism. At the dawn of the new century , this sine qua non relationship between culture and tourism has stood the test of the time. The 2000 AIEST's congress program , celebrating the 50th anniversary of the association , appropriately returns to this research theme
simin tavallai
Abstract
Tourist actrvrties are not distributed homogeneously in space; rather, certain activities are concentrated in specific points or areas. Numerous factors account for this pattern. Climate is one of the geophysical factors that make up geographical space, contributing to the environmental conditions that ...
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Tourist actrvrties are not distributed homogeneously in space; rather, certain activities are concentrated in specific points or areas. Numerous factors account for this pattern. Climate is one of the geophysical factors that make up geographical space, contributing to the environmental conditions that facilitate or hinder human settlement in general and tourism activities in particular. Therefore, climate is an important criterion for locating tourism centers, helping to determine how an area is to be used. It has been argued that local climatology and succession of different weather types influence the location of resorts, the calendar of tourist activities, the use and efficiency of the infrastructure, and the return on investments. The impact of climate ad well as climatic changes upon Snow skiing is being pursued as another objective of this study. As such, evaluation of Ski-resort potentials in Iran was conducted as an applied nature of this study. This study suggests that optimum areas regarding snow skiing are basically Elborz ranges between Tehran and Mazandran and to a lesser extent Charmahal province nested in Zagrous mountain.
mohammadreza farzin
Abstract
Producivity is the standard by which human power in using resources to achieve their desired goal, is determined. In recent years this standard has seen an upmost attention in calculating technologies in industrial and service productivity industries. Value added methodology is a comprehensive way of ...
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Producivity is the standard by which human power in using resources to achieve their desired goal, is determined. In recent years this standard has seen an upmost attention in calculating technologies in industrial and service productivity industries. Value added methodology is a comprehensive way of measuring producing of all producing factors in a particular unit. In this case study we have interested recent changes in the hoteling industry in Iran, along with our investigation we have selected Esteghlal hotel. A 5 star hotel located in Tehran-as our case study. We have analyzed the productivity of this hotel in the period of 4 years (1996-2000). Results has shown that the foreign rate of occupation of hotel rooms-has increased in this hotel. Which in turn has resulted in an increase in hotel revenue. But still we have not seen any creativity and change in other parts of the hotel such as food and beverage.
mehdi rast ghalam; bijhan khalil ghadam; rasoul heydari
Volume 4, Issue 11.12 , May 2006, , Pages 123-142
Abstract
Today in third world's countries, tourism destination developing is the strategy to develop the suitable area. Existing and good distribution of tourism attractions makes this strategy is important, in iran. Analysis of condition host area for achieving positive tourism impacts is necessary. In this ...
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Today in third world's countries, tourism destination developing is the strategy to develop the suitable area. Existing and good distribution of tourism attractions makes this strategy is important, in iran. Analysis of condition host area for achieving positive tourism impacts is necessary. In this paper, the advantages and restrictions of developing of tourism destinations is distinguished by SWOT analysis. all of element's SOWT is evaluated by Likert rang. Results show that the score of restriction is 55.69 (include weakness and threat) and the score of advantage is 55.31(include opportunity and strength). therefore restrictions is over the advantages. Although the emerging of other tourism destinations is more important threat, but it causes to decrease vulnerability of the virgin nature and beautiful landscape as more important of developing tourism destination strength. because the tourism infrastructure is not available..
ali atafar; javad khazai pul; mehdi pur mostafa khoshk rudi
Volume 7, Issue 18 , August 2012, , Pages 133-156
Abstract
Development of information technology has influenced various domains of business and human life. Tourism industry as one of the world's most profitable industries has seen new experiences and gone through evolutions in recent years, taking giant steps to adapt to modern technologies. The purpose of this ...
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Development of information technology has influenced various domains of business and human life. Tourism industry as one of the world's most profitable industries has seen new experiences and gone through evolutions in recent years, taking giant steps to adapt to modern technologies. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors that affect adoption of online hotel booking. An extension of the technology acceptance model constitutes the conceptual framework of the research. Statistical population involves all Noshahr county’s hotel customers, out of which a sample of 226 individuals where randomly selected. The validity of the model has been proved by the structural equation modeling. Also, path analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the study variables. Results of the structural equation modeling indicate that attitude and perceived usefulness are the main factors affecting the intention towards online hotel booking. Also, the added variables of trust, credibility, and consistency influence the intention by way of attitude towards online hotel booking.
abolfazl taj zadeh namin; garigur ghazarian
Volume 5, Issue 13 , November 2010, , Pages 139-168
Abstract
Tourism Destination Image (TDI) has an essential role and impact on the tourist' decision making process, destination selection and the tourists behavior. The present article is an attempt to give a holistic view on the image, it’s process, and the important factors affecting the image formation ...
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Tourism Destination Image (TDI) has an essential role and impact on the tourist' decision making process, destination selection and the tourists behavior. The present article is an attempt to give a holistic view on the image, it’s process, and the important factors affecting the image formation (either before or after visiting a destination). The results indicate that the image formation is affected by the tourist’s perception and personality, as well as the destination profile. It is hoped that this article will be useful as a guide for destination marketing and planning.
mohammad ali feyz pour; mehdi emami mobidi
Volume 7, Issue 19 , November 2012, , Pages 139-177
Abstract
Although tourism in today’s world is one of the prominent industries in respect to income generation, the facts reveal that countries fail to earn from it in proportion to their tourism attractions. In other words, there seems no meaningful correlation between dispersion of attractions in the countries ...
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Although tourism in today’s world is one of the prominent industries in respect to income generation, the facts reveal that countries fail to earn from it in proportion to their tourism attractions. In other words, there seems no meaningful correlation between dispersion of attractions in the countries and their income from tourism. As an example, although tourism attractions place Iran on the top-10 list, the country is situated among the least-earning in respect of tourism income. However, according to the planned vision, attaining the top economic position in the region is depicted for Iran in 2025. Now a question is to be answered that considering economic criteria, what is the country’s level of tourism development compared to its neighbors. We attempt to answer this question in the current study. To measure this, five indicators are used, including total contribution to employment, inbound tourism expenditure, government-specific expenditure, capital investment, and business travel and tourism expenditure. TOPSIS is used to integrate the aforesaid indicators. Results manifest that in the year 2000, Iran ranked 5 th in the region, while it fell to 13th place in 2005. Although it moved two levels up in ranking in 2010 to reach the 11 th, there is still a long way to achieve the first position in the region in such a short time (until 2025).
Mohammad Najjarzadeh; Seyed Abbas Ebrahimi; Rezvan Golestaneh
Abstract
With the dramatic changes in communications in the current century, tourism has witnessed a great deal of transformation. On the other hand, today's busy world has provided little opportunity for pleasure and entertainment, and consumers services are eager to get the travel information they need as quickly ...
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With the dramatic changes in communications in the current century, tourism has witnessed a great deal of transformation. On the other hand, today's busy world has provided little opportunity for pleasure and entertainment, and consumers services are eager to get the travel information they need as quickly and easily as possible. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of tourism brand in social media in order to develop the travel motivation to Tehran, considering the mediator role of attitude toward the destination. A questionnaire consisting of 35 items and 313 samples was collected. Factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used for data analysis. The results indicated that tourism brand (t valu: 11.38) and attitude toward destination (t valu: 3.96) have positive and significant effect on travel motivation. Also, in the impact of the tourism brand on travel motivating, the attitude toward destination plays as a mediator.
Zeinab Bahraini; Nader Naderi
Abstract
This research is attempting to adopt a non-teleological approach to the entrepreneurship process in the coastal tourism area of Bushehr province. The present study is theoretical and applied in terms of its objective. The research method is descriptive in terms of data collection method. Also, the present ...
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This research is attempting to adopt a non-teleological approach to the entrepreneurship process in the coastal tourism area of Bushehr province. The present study is theoretical and applied in terms of its objective. The research method is descriptive in terms of data collection method. Also, the present research is a qualitative research whose strategy is based on grounded theory. Considering experts of coastal tourism as the statistical population of the study, 9 people are selected as research experts using the purposeful sampling method. Then, the data are collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed in three stages of open, pivotal and selective data coding.In the prescriptive process model of this research, the main phenomenon is the recognition and exploitation of the proper opportunity that is due to the characteristics and background of the entrepreneur
Ali Majnouni- Toutakhane; Hosein Karimzade
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to evaluate the aesthetic values of tourism attractions in the Savar-Toutakhane tourist roads in both objective and subjective dimensions; For this purpose, eight components were identified. Artificial neural network were used to determine the objective aesthetics, ...
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The purpose of this article was to evaluate the aesthetic values of tourism attractions in the Savar-Toutakhane tourist roads in both objective and subjective dimensions; For this purpose, eight components were identified. Artificial neural network were used to determine the objective aesthetics, and the Spearman test and multiple regression were used to determine mental aesthetics. The statistical population of the study was 3324 tourists; using the Cochran formula, 275 people were selected by random sampling. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.889 using Cronbach's alpha formula. The results of the research using the artificial neural network method showed that the high visibility of the peripheral high peak has the highest value and visibility of the flowing rivers with the least value. The results of multiple regression analysis in the subjective aesthetic field indicated that 8 components could explain 68.9% of variance variations. Also, The results of both methods indicate the high value of tourist attractions on this road.
Davood Ghorbanzadeh; Ehsan Abedi
Abstract
Tourism industry has long been recognized as one of the most vulnerable industries in crises. Health-related crises such as epidemics can have directly significantly negative impact on tourism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between secure attachment dimensions, ...
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Tourism industry has long been recognized as one of the most vulnerable industries in crises. Health-related crises such as epidemics can have directly significantly negative impact on tourism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between secure attachment dimensions, experiential co-creation dimensions and future experiential intentions among tourists who have traveled to tourist destinations during the outbreak of Covid-19 virus. In order to achieve the goal of the research, a sample of 248 tourists who traveled to tourist destinations during the outbreak of the Covid-19 virus was selected in the convenience method and using an online questionnaire distributed on social networks related to tourism. The present research, in terms of practical purpose, and the method of collecting data is survey data and is considering the relationship between variables, correlation with emphasis on structural equation modeling. The results of testing hypotheses, using SPSS and Smart PLS 3.0 software, indicate that secure attachment has a positive effect on the experiential trust of tourists. At the same time, experiential trust affects the tourist's experiential commitment and experiential connection with the destination. Finally, the results showed that experiential commitment is the most important antecedent for tourists' experiential intentions in the future. The results will assist tourism operators in developing and implementing market-orientated service strategies to increase secure secure attachment and experiential co-creation in order to enable tourists to have future intentions to experience the destination during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Mohamad Taghi Toghraee; Zahed Shafiei; Mahnaz Doosti-Irani
Abstract
The purpose of this study is an investigation of the impact of each dimension of perceived quality of urban transportation services in Isfahan on the satisfaction of domestic tourists. In terms of purpose this is applied research and in terms of method, this is descriptive-correlative research. The present ...
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The purpose of this study is an investigation of the impact of each dimension of perceived quality of urban transportation services in Isfahan on the satisfaction of domestic tourists. In terms of purpose this is applied research and in terms of method, this is descriptive-correlative research. The present study is a combination of library and field research. The statistical population of the study consisted of domestic tourists of Isfahan on Nowruz 2017. The inclusion criterion was the usage of urban transportation. In order to collect data, the convenience sampling method was used. The results showed that to achieve tourist satisfaction it is necessary to increase the quality of services. It was also found that tourists are not satisfied with the urban transportation of Isfahan in any dimension. Therefore, according to the impact of different dimensions of service quality on tourist satisfaction, it is necessary to focus on improving responsiveness, empathy, reliability, tangible items, economic efficiency, and guarantee, respectively.
Ashraf Sajjadi; Fatemeh Ahmadi
Volume 8, Issue 23 , November 2013, , Pages 155-175
Abstract
The main purpose of this research was to assess Impact of Rural Tourism (IRT) from viewpoint of rural community. The research instrument was structural questionnaire with close-ended questions, which validity and reliability was confirmed. The target population in this research, includes all rural people ...
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The main purpose of this research was to assess Impact of Rural Tourism (IRT) from viewpoint of rural community. The research instrument was structural questionnaire with close-ended questions, which validity and reliability was confirmed. The target population in this research, includes all rural people in Fooman township of Gilan province (N=96,778) out of which, a number of 198 people were selected as statistical prototypes in a classification sampling method by using Cochran’s table and finally 194 questionnaires were analyzed. The descriptive findings of this study showed that putting the garbage in rural areas and increasing locally government departments were the main IRT that were stated by respondents. By applying Factor Analysis Technique, IRT in Fooman Township were reduced to nine factors. These five factors expressed nearly 72% of the total variance of the variables mso-bidi-language: A
