Hamidreza Ghezelsefloo; Seyed Mohammad Hossein Razavi; Masumeh Kalateh Seifari
Abstract
Traditional sports festivals as the most prominent symbol of cultural values have become the newest tourism opportunity in the last decade. Therefore, this study aims to design a qualitative tourism model of traditional festivals based on Grounded Theory strategy. The research structure is of the exploratory ...
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Traditional sports festivals as the most prominent symbol of cultural values have become the newest tourism opportunity in the last decade. Therefore, this study aims to design a qualitative tourism model of traditional festivals based on Grounded Theory strategy. The research structure is of the exploratory type, which has a qualitative approach. The qualitative research population consisted of 35 experts and specialists active in sports tourism organizations and informed residents of the host communities, who were selected by targeted sampling and based on judgmental sampling. To collect data, semi-structured interviews, and the formation of a focus group were used. After the initial coding of concepts and classification of categories, eight components were identified in the form of human potentials and natural-sports potentials among which, according to the frequency of the registered codes and the statements of the focus group, the most important features of the present study were the holding of traditional festivals and the opportunity to display and exchange cultural values of the host communities. Therefore, using local festivals as a tool for tourism development is a new and efficient approach. Thus, according to the current research model, by emphasizing the cultural values of traditional sports festivals, these places can be considered as the top hub of traditional sports festivals.
Mehdi Yadegari; Shahriyar Mohamadi; Peyman Yar Mohamadi Samani
Volume 10, Issue 30 , June 2015, , Pages 129-148
hoseyn mohammadi; forouz ranjbar; morteza mohammad jani; tahereh sadat hashemi
Volume 3, Issue 10 , November 2005, , Pages 129-148
Abstract
Nowadays, tourism is a dynamic industry which influences all aspects of a society and global sustem.This paper analyze the relationship between climate, as one of the natural factors. and tourism and the influences of climate change and global warning on tourism trends in different parts of the world. ...
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Nowadays, tourism is a dynamic industry which influences all aspects of a society and global sustem.This paper analyze the relationship between climate, as one of the natural factors. and tourism and the influences of climate change and global warning on tourism trends in different parts of the world. The study method is descriptive and considers the results of previously done researches. The results show that there is a strong relationship between climate and tourism activities.'In fact, an appropriate climate in terms of temperature, aesthetics and physical conditions can potentially attract tourists. Tourism-related activities such as transportation and fuel consumption play an important role in the global climate change. Climate change may transform the climatic conditions suitable for tourism. For example, it is forecast that climate change may increase
Ali Asghar Shalbafian
Abstract
Strategic alliances have come to prove instrumental across various industries owing to rapidly evolving and competitive world. Partner selection plays core and key role in any strategic alliance formation and its outcome. Though voluminous studies targeted partner selection in general, the subject has ...
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Strategic alliances have come to prove instrumental across various industries owing to rapidly evolving and competitive world. Partner selection plays core and key role in any strategic alliance formation and its outcome. Though voluminous studies targeted partner selection in general, the subject has rarely investigated in tourism industry particularly in the context of a tourism type i.e. medical tourism and a specified market i.e. Iran. To this end, 17 medical tourism experts have been recognized by snowball sampling. Data have been gathered through semi-structured interviews and analyzed with Maxqda 10 software based on theme analysis. Findings show that 3 main themes including prior relation and cognition, probing about partner and partner characteristics can affect on medical tourism alliance formation in Iran.
Saeid Safari; Maliheh Mohammad Mirzaei Bafghi
Volume 9, Issue 26 , July 2014, , Pages 131-147
Abstract
The changing nature of the tourism industry, with its move awayfrom mass tourism towards greater market segmentation, use of newtechnologies, differentiation of the product and adoption of newmanagement styles, demands a change in the substance of tourisminstitutes policies. This article reviews the ...
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The changing nature of the tourism industry, with its move awayfrom mass tourism towards greater market segmentation, use of newtechnologies, differentiation of the product and adoption of newmanagement styles, demands a change in the substance of tourisminstitutes policies. This article reviews the development of tourismpolicy from pure promotion to product development to the currentgoal of maintaining competitiveness. It argues for a more balancedgrowth between facilities and tourists' interest and discusses variousplans that may serve as attraction for tourists in Yazd city as casestudy. In this study researcher surveys 2 groups of people involved intourism industry in order to find out their attitudes or opinionsfacilities and possible procedures to improve the quality and quantityof services. Researcher concentrates on the opportunities available andthe needs which can be meet by entrepreneurs. The research uses "TheOpportunity Algorithm" which offers by Anthony Ul wick as a basefor comparing and evaluating the Opportunities. According to thisalgorithm, each opportunity evaluates by the formula: [Importance +(Importance – Satisfaction)]. In final conclusion, most importantneeds and best Opportunities for the tourism industry in Yazd hasintroduced and some propositions has offered. For instance, as one ofthe most important results, it is ascertained that it was neglected toconsider the importance of the entertainment facilities and theexistence of diversity in them.
Saeed DaiKarimzadeh; Sara Ghobadi; Nasim Foroudastan
Volume 8, Issue 23 , November 2013, , Pages 131-154
Abstract
Iran is one of the countries that so far from its potential in tourism is not used in an appropriate manner. One of the principles of tourism development is the tourism demand. This study examines factors influencing demand for international tourism in Iran. For this purpose, the number of incoming tourists ...
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Iran is one of the countries that so far from its potential in tourism is not used in an appropriate manner. One of the principles of tourism development is the tourism demand. This study examines factors influencing demand for international tourism in Iran. For this purpose, the number of incoming tourists to Iran has been used as dependent variable of international tourism demand. The effect of real income per capita of ten countries with the highest number of inbound tourists to Iran, Consumer price index for goods and services in Iran, market exchange rate, degree of economic openness and the dummy variable of Islamic revolution and war as the independent variable on the dependent variable is estimated. For this estimation Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL) is used. The results show real income per capita, market exchange rate and degree of economic openness variables have positive effect and consumer price index for goods and services in Iran and dummy variable (revolution and war) have negative effect on the number of inbound international tourism to Iran.
Mohammadjavad Abbasi; Jilla Sajjadi; Ali Abdollahi
Abstract
Abstract Introduction The existence of appropriate tourism facilities and services and the high quality of tourism infrastructure and services certainly affect the demand for tourist attractions. Therefore, Tarom township is located in the north of Zanjan province; In the land management plan of Zanjan ...
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Abstract Introduction The existence of appropriate tourism facilities and services and the high quality of tourism infrastructure and services certainly affect the demand for tourist attractions. Therefore, Tarom township is located in the north of Zanjan province; In the land management plan of Zanjan province, it has been proposed as a "privileged regional tourism axis." However, with the construction and operation of a new road along the route of this tourism axis, Great changes have taken place in the establishment of transportation connections and the entry of tourists to this area. Therefore; this study aimed to investigate the role of strengthening transportation infrastructure(road construction) and its impact on the development of tourism activities in the study area. Also, Seek answers the following questions: - Is there a significant relationship between the construction of Zanjan-Tahm-Chavarzeq road and the sustainable development of tourism in the study area?- Which dimension and Component of tourism development have received the most impact from the construction of Zanjan-Taham-Chavarzeq road? Materials and Methods The present research is of an applied type. The statistical population of the present study is the tourist settlements of Shit-Walidar and Shirinsoo tourist areas in Tarom city. By purposive non-probability sampling method, 277 households were selected for sampling. The method of collecting field-library information and analyzing the data using inferential statistics such as the Wilcoxon test, T is a single sample in SPSS software. Representation and mapping of spatial flows of tourism in the study area have been done using UCINET software, and structural equation modeling (SEM) is in AMOS software. Discussion and Results The investment situation for launching tourism-related activities was 28.46%. The training courses' status in connection with tourism activities indicates that about 28% of the training courses were directly related to tourism activities, and 72% of the training were non-tourism related. Therefore, the flow of tourists entering the study area from the city of Zanjan is stronger, but the flow of Rasht and Khalkhal is weaker. Investigating the effects and consequences of the construction of Zanjan-Tahm-Chavarzeq road on tourism development indicators in the studied areas (local communities' point of view) with non-parametric Wilcoxon test; Shows that the construction of this road has the most significant difference in the components of improving job opportunities in tourism activities, respectively, Component of increasing the number of passengers and tourists, Component of reducing migration of local communities, Improving infrastructure. The road has had tourism facilities and services. Still, investment in tourism development has the least significant difference in the period before and after the construction of Zanjan-Tahm-Chavarzeq road. Also; To investigate the contribution of the effective factors of the consequences of the construction of Zanjan-Tahm-Chavarzeq road in the sustainable development of tourism from the perspective of local communities, structural modeling of second-order factor analysis was used. The development of tourism under the influence of 4 hidden factors (economic, socio-cultural, environmental, and physical) has been studied. It shows the effects of tourism development in the physical dimensions 97, Economic 96, Environment 94, and socio-cultural 79 percent. Conclusions The research findings show that before the construction of Zanjan-Tahm-Chavarzeq road, the study area was isolated in terms of communication and especially with the center of the province. Therefore, the construction and operation of the new Zanjan-Taham-Abbar road, while reducing the distance and time interval of access to Zanjan, has left numerous socio-economic effects on tourism development in the study area. Also, the main indicators of model fit show that the research data, Conceptual model of research in terms of the effectiveness of strengthening the transport infrastructure in tourism's sustainable development, has given a meaningful explanation. However, the transport network infrastructure position is still not suitable, and they have weaknesses and shortcomings.
Hamed Fallah Tafti; Mahnaz Doosti-Irani
Abstract
Introduction: The growing number of travel agencies in major cities means a wider range of choices for tourists, which in turn leads to increased competition in the business. The city of Isfahan is no exception to this rule and the existence of several agencies in it has created a wide competition for ...
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Introduction: The growing number of travel agencies in major cities means a wider range of choices for tourists, which in turn leads to increased competition in the business. The city of Isfahan is no exception to this rule and the existence of several agencies in it has created a wide competition for the owners of these jobs. Undoubtedly, having loyal customers in the face of fierce competition, as well as dealing with the crisis - especially the crisis that the Covid 19 virus has created for the tourism industry - will help travel agencies to be more resilient and economically viable. Therefore, the mentioned conditions have made the owners of these agencies to use every opportunity to convince their customers that they are performing better than their competitors; One of these opportunities is Social Network. In recent years, the widespread use of social networking through the advent of smartphones has made information available anywhere and anytime. The popularity and widespread use of these networks provides an opportunity for business owners to connect online with their customers and use these networks to improve their position in a competitive market. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of online interaction on the Instagram social network on the loyalty of customers of travel agencies. Loyalty consists of four dimensions, which are cognitive, affective, conative and behavioral loyalty. Cognitive loyalty means preferring one brand over other brands due to knowing that brand and the benefit it has for the customer. This type of loyalty is very weak because it is quickly lost by improving or promoting the competitors' brand. Affective loyalty is achieved when a person feels good about a brand as well as satisfied with it as a result of increasing knowledge. Conative loyalty (tendency to be loyal) is achieved when the customer intends to repeat the purchase, but this action is not certain and may not lead to a purchase. Finally, behavioral loyalty emphasizes repeat purchases and their amount (Sotude et al., 2014; Van Asperen et al., 2017). Customer interaction with the brand in social networks is also formed in two ways: passive and active interaction. Passive interaction is when the so-called customer is just a consumer of content on social media and only reads and views other users' posts and comments. While active interaction is when the audience is involved in creating the content and it is when the customer comments on the content, raises questions and comments, informs the brand owner about their needs, encourages his/her friends to visit this page, and shares brand posts with others (Van Asperen et al., 2017). Therefore, in order to achieve the purpose of the research, the following questions are raised: To what extent does each dimension of interaction affect each dimension of customer loyalty? Does passive interaction have a sufficient impact on all aspects of loyalty, or should try to users participate actively in the social network? Which dimension of loyalty is most affected by online interactions? How will customer loyalty change if travel agencies lose active engagement on the Instagram network? Methodology: The research is exploratory in terms of purpose and has an applied orientation, and its statistical sample consisted of 12 university experts and managers of travel agencies in Isfahan who use the social network Instagram in their business. Sampling was performed by purposive method. The research was conducted using fuzzy cognitive mapping technique. The research variables are online interactions and customer loyalty, the dimensions of which were determined by studying the research literature and with the approval of experts. In order to collect data, a matrix questionnaire was prepared in which the research factors were listed in the first row and the first column, and in other boxes the effect of the factor in the relevant row on each column of the table was written using the opinion of experts (numbers ranging from negative to positive One). For this purpose, the researchers distributed the questionnaire in person among the experts and after explaining the questions and how to answer them, entered the answers received in the questionnaire. Finally, the input matrix to the software was obtained from the average opinion of experts and analyzed, and the research graph was drawn. Finally, the active interaction elimination scenario was defined, and its results were compared with the initial results. Results and discussion: Findings showed that the most influential factor is active interaction and the most affected factor is behavioral loyalty. Interaction, and especially active interaction, affects all dimensions of loyalty, especially behavioral loyalty. Also, by eliminating active interaction, customer loyalty is greatly reduced, the results showed that passive online interaction has the greatest effect on behavioral loyalty, conative loyalty, cognitive loyalty and affective loyalty, respectively. On the other hand, there is an inverse relationship between types of loyalty and passive interaction, and the most impact on passive online interaction is related to conative loyalty, behavioral loyalty, affective loyalty and finally cognitive loyalty, respectively. Active online interaction has the greatest impact on behavioral loyalty, conative loyalty, cognitive loyalty and finally affective loyalty, respectively. All dimensions of loyalty also affect active online interaction, which the most impact is related to affective, behavioral, cognitive and conative loyalty, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that travel agencies can retain their customers more than ever before by relying on online interaction, but relying on passive interaction is not enough, and to have more loyal customers, travel agency managers need to focus on active audience participation on social network. According to the findings of this study, some practical suggestions for agency owners to increase customer loyalty are: Focus on activity in social networks, and increase the number of hits, frequent content updates, use of posts that are more attractive to the customer, and create opportunities that invite followers to actively participate, including encouraging users to comment and request feedback, following user feedback and trying to discover their needs, as well as trying to get feedback from customers who have purchased from the agency and considering incentive schemes for active users.
faranak seyf -o- dini; mahmud shurche
Abstract
Tourism locations are required to develop a general management plan that is consistent with visitor carrying capacities. This paper describes a carrying capacity modeling system that allows regions’ tourism managers to quantitatively determine whether the current state of a region’s tourism ...
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Tourism locations are required to develop a general management plan that is consistent with visitor carrying capacities. This paper describes a carrying capacity modeling system that allows regions’ tourism managers to quantitatively determine whether the current state of a region’s tourism condition is in compliance with those standards or not. The modeling system uses an ex-post adaptive monuments management (AMM) model to determine whether the current state of a tourism region complies with the physical and social carrying capacities. Also the manager requires knowledge of the tourism carrying capacity, which in this article is determined by the use of physical, real and effective carrying capacities. The multiple attribute scoring test of capacity (MASTEC) identifies the best management action for achieving compliance. The AMM model addresses potential errors that can occur when inferring a monument state from resource/social conditions. The AMM model minimizes the likelihood of such decision errors by using Bayes’ rule to determine the state of tourism regions. The MASTEC method allows a manager to identify the best management action for bringing an incompliant monument into compliance with carrying capacities. Limits of Acceptable Change and Visitor Impact Management, and multiple attribute decision making maximizes the manager’s expected utility function subject to stochastic carrying capacity. Anahita Temple was selected to showcase the usage of these models. Several factors limit the ability of tourism regions to implement the carrying capacity modeling system. Using a spatial decision support tool to implement the modeling system lessens some of these limitations.
zamzam sadatasl
Abstract
Rural tourism is considered as a process of rural development that by creating complementary agricultural activities, provides economic development through raising the ability to generate income, create jobs, and consequently, sustainable livelihoods. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to examine ...
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Rural tourism is considered as a process of rural development that by creating complementary agricultural activities, provides economic development through raising the ability to generate income, create jobs, and consequently, sustainable livelihoods. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of rural tourism income distribution in different economic sectors. For this purpose, the social accounting matrix (SAM) of 2006 and the multipliers analysis resulting from this matrix have been used. The advantages of using this method are the possibility of study the effects of income distribution of rural households by sections. By taking into account the totality of the economy, this model encompasses all direct and indirect effects on economic and social sectors. The results show that the development of rural tourism sub-sectors has a positive effect on the distribution of rural household income.
Hamed Fallah Tafti; mir mohamad asadi; Jamileh Ghasemloi Soltanabad
Abstract
Identifying Crisis factors in the tourism industry has become a fundamental necessity in many tourism destinations due to natural-environmental and political events. Due to Iran's location in the Middle East which is plagued with crises, devising an unified risk strategy in tourism is unavoidable. The ...
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Identifying Crisis factors in the tourism industry has become a fundamental necessity in many tourism destinations due to natural-environmental and political events. Due to Iran's location in the Middle East which is plagued with crises, devising an unified risk strategy in tourism is unavoidable. The present study is a developmental-applied research that since the tourism industry is a service- based nature, has provided an integrated strategy for crisis management.The target population was a group of experts of the tourism industry and academic individuals.The collected data were analyzed by fuzzy cognitive mapping technique. According to the final model, the most effective crisis factors in Iran's tourism industry are: political instability in the region, insufficient Infrastructures, environmental pollution, currency fluctuations, infectious diseases and natural disasters and it recommended the use of an integrated management system in the tourism industry.
Mostafa Esmaeili Mahyari; Hamid reza Irani; Vahid Noormandipour
Abstract
Given that religious tourism has become a topic of interest not only among religious followers and pilgrims but also among ordinary tourists, researchers in this field have taken notice. The aim of this study is to examine the global trend of research on religious tourism, as well as the current and ...
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Given that religious tourism has become a topic of interest not only among religious followers and pilgrims but also among ordinary tourists, researchers in this field have taken notice. The aim of this study is to examine the global trend of research on religious tourism, as well as the current and future research directions in this area. To this end, a review of existing literature on religious tourism was conducted using bibliometric and visualization methods. After applying input and output criteria, a total of 412 articles were extracted from the Web of Science database and analyzed using VOS viewer software. The findings indicate an upward quantitative trend in publication and citation rates, with the highest number of published papers occurring in 2021 and the highest number of citations in 2022. Additionally, descriptive data revealed the most frequently cited articles, researchers, journals, and universities. Analysis of keyword co-occurrence demonstrated that the most commonly occurring words included religious tourism, pilgrimage, tourism, and spiritual tourism. Findings also indicate that much of the research in this field has focused on conceptualizing and distinguishing between religious and pilgrimage tourism and understanding travelers' motivations in a religious context. Moving forward, future studies in this area should consider experiential marketing and tourist experience, as well as Service-Dominant Logic and value co-creation theories.IntroductionUndoubtedly, religious tourism has become a significant area in tourism sector. In contemporary times, tourists visit religious sites not only for spiritual reasons but also in pursuit of cultural and historical significance (Kim et al., 2020; Romanelli et al., 2021). Notably, within religious and pilgrimage tourism, both spiritual and non-spiritual elements coexist, making it arduous to differentiate between the two (Griffin, 2007). While pilgrimage tourism involves performing religious rituals in sacred places with the primary intention of worship, religious tourism does not necessarily require adherence to specific religious beliefs or practices (Kujawa, 2017). In addition to tourism activists, academics have also shown interest in this type of tourism, and many articles, books, and articles have been published related to this topic. In spite of that, to date, no bibliometric investigation has been conducted on religious tourism. Therefore, this research aims to undertake a bibliometric review of religious tourism to ascertain past and future research trends and identify areas requiring further exploration. Materials and MethodsThe present research is characterized as a descriptive-analytical study that utilizes bibliometric analysis to examine a specific research field. The use of bibliometric analysis as a quantitative method in this research is well-established in academic literature and enables scholars to gain valuable insights into various aspects of a research field. The choice of the Web of Science database was made due to its established reputation as a reliable and standardized source for bibliometric analysis. After applying filters and selecting appropriate keywords, a total number of 412 articles were identified and subjected to further analysis. In this regard, the complete bibliometric information of these studies, including their title, abstract, organizational affiliation, and sources, were extracted from the database and subsequently analyzed using VOS Viewer software. This methodology aims to identify the structures and trends within the specified research topic, thereby enhancing our understanding of the subject matter.Discussion and ResultsThe results of the investigation indicate an upward trend in the quantitative publication and citation rates of religious tourism research. The year 2021 had the highest number of publications, with 52 studies, while the peak for citations was observed in 2022, with 967 citations. Moreover, the most highly cited article, author, journal, country, and university were identified. Accordingly, "Forms of Religious Tourism" recognized as the most cited article, "Rinschede, G" recognized as the most cited author, "Annals of Tourism Research" recognized as the most cited journal, "Australia" recognized as the most cited country and "University of Haifa" recognized as the most cited university in this field. After conducting a co-authorship analysis, the study was able to identify eight clusters of active countries that have contributed significantly to knowledge production in the field of religious tourism research. This analysis provides valuable insights into the collaborative networks and patterns of international cooperation among researchers working on religious tourism. Furthermore, the keyword co-occurrence analysis revealed that "Pilgrimage," "Tourism," and "Spiritual tourism" were the most commonly used terms in religious tourism research.ConclusionsThe increase in the number of articles and citations pertaining to religious tourism signifies its growing importance as an academic field and highlights the attention it has garnered from researchers. Among the topics that have recently received attention in this field, the experience of religious tourists and pilgrims is one such area that is still in its nascent stages, as corroborated by the Keywords Co-occurrence analysis. Previous studies have primarily focused on the trip experience, whereas a comprehensive understanding of the tourist's experience necessitates an examination of all three phases, namely before, during, and after the trip. This highlights the dynamic nature of the tourist experience. By comparing developments in tourism research with those in religious tourism, research gaps can be identified. Experiential marketing and Service-dominant logic-related theories are areas that require further exploration in religious tourism, as they have yet to receive much attention in this field.
Azim Zarei; Fatemeh Ghorbani; Mino Pedramnia
Abstract
The perception of visitors' behavioral intentions is of great importancefor destination managers and marketers. The present study is about tostudy the effective factors on visitors behavioral intentions in touristdestinations,which examines the effect of destinationattributes ,perceived quality of destination ...
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The perception of visitors' behavioral intentions is of great importancefor destination managers and marketers. The present study is about tostudy the effective factors on visitors behavioral intentions in touristdestinations,which examines the effect of destinationattributes ,perceived quality of destination offerings, perceived valueand satisfaction on behavioral intentions. The sample of the currentstudy considersall the visitors of Torghabe tourist destination inMashhad city in the summer of 2011 and chooses 494 visitorsrandomly. The research questionnaire was developed by theresearcher after confirming the validity and reliability of data and thenfollowed by their distribution; finally data collection was donethrough structural equation modeling and analyzed in LIZRELsoftware.the results shows destination attributes have direct positiveeffect on perceived quality of destination offerings; and on the otherhand, perceived value and satisfaction are under direct effect ofperceived value. Furthermore, the positive direct effect of perceivedvalue and satisfaction on behavioral intentions was confirmed. Theresults also indicated that visitors perceived value of destinationofferings has an indirect effect on behavioral intentions throughmediating variables of satisfaction and perceived value.
Mahdi Dehghani Soltani; Ardeshir Shiri; Tahereh Nesari; Mostafa Raoufi
Abstract
Nowadays, social media has revolutionized business. Not only in the virtual world these media have attracted many customers and have given new impetus to industries and products, but also they are a place for corporate relationships and marketing activities. On the other hand, corporate social responsibility ...
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Nowadays, social media has revolutionized business. Not only in the virtual world these media have attracted many customers and have given new impetus to industries and products, but also they are a place for corporate relationships and marketing activities. On the other hand, corporate social responsibility has evolved in recent years, along with social, political, and business development and has been considered by companies. The internal function of social responsibility can improve the company's position and, ultimately, increase profitability and lead to long-term survival. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to study the impact of social media, transparency and social responsibility on performance by explaining the intermediary role of brand sustainability. The statistical population of this study is managers of travel and tourism services companies in Tehran. To obtain sample size, simple random sampling method and Cochran formula have been used. In this research, library and field methods are used to collect information. In terms of the purpose this is an applied research and in terms of data collection method, this is of descriptive and correlational research type. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. The results of the research show that social media, transparency and social responsibility through brand sustainability have a significant effect on business performance. Also, the results showed that the intermediary effect of the sustainable brand was significant.
Haydeh Ara; Shole Shahverdi Ghahfarokhi; Pouriya Kharazi; Mohammad Kia Kianian
Volume 9, Issue 25 , April 2014, , Pages 142-158
Abstract
Dissolution landforms as geomorphosites with high tourism potentials can play a boosting role in tourism industry of a country. This paper aims to evaluate the geo-tourism potentials of three caves in Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari Province, namely Sarab, Seyed-Isa and Chehel-Peleh which were selected out of ...
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Dissolution landforms as geomorphosites with high tourism potentials can play a boosting role in tourism industry of a country. This paper aims to evaluate the geo-tourism potentials of three caves in Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari Province, namely Sarab, Seyed-Isa and Chehel-Peleh which were selected out of 60 landforms identified across the province. The paper made use of Prolong and Prolong Modified Models. With regard to research tools, this study mainly employed topographic and geological maps, field examination data and questionnaires. Findings revealed a difference in the tourism values resulted from the two models. Based on Prolong Model, Sarab Cave indicated the highest tourism value of 15.75, with Chehel-Peleh and Seyed-Isa in the second and third place respectively. However, according to Prolong Modified Model, Sarab and Seyed-Isa were the t
Mohammad Fazeli; Sahar Jafar Salehi
Volume 8, Issue 22 , June 2013, , Pages 142-168
Abstract
Due to the intensity of the impact that tourists’ environmental
behavior has on the destination environments, this group of people are placed among those groups who are studied from their environmental behavior point of view. This article with a structured vision, surveys the effects of mental ...
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Due to the intensity of the impact that tourists’ environmental
behavior has on the destination environments, this group of people are placed among those groups who are studied from their environmental behavior point of view. This article with a structured vision, surveys the effects of mental and visional variables on the en-behavior of two types of tourists.
The study was performed through a combination of desk and field studies
– using questionnaire. Due to the lack of an accurate sampling framework for domestic tourists, by conducting a discovery work, 350 tourists were selected, where 200 of them belonged to Chalus statistical population and 150 individuals belonged to Isfahan. Collected data were assessed through descriptive and inferential statistical methods with the help of SPSS.
According to the findings of Pearson correlation test, there is significant and direct relationship between tourists' en-behavior and their environmental values, understanding of environmental benefits, cultural imagination, and cultural motivation. While no significant relationship was seen between environmental knowledge and tourists' en-behavior. According to the path analysis, imagination of place with a beta value of 0.75 has the greatest effect on the dependent variable of the study. In the second rank the variable of understanding of environmental benefits with a Beta value of 0.59 affects directly and indirectly the tourists' en-behaviors. Environmental motivation and environmental values with Beta scores of 0.35 and 0.29 respectively have significant direct effects on the dependent variable. In regression analysis of the paths, the environmental knowledge variable was removed from the model due to the insignificant obtained Beta. The mentioned factors totally explained 60% of the changes in tourists' en behaviors.
Amir Hossein Halabian; Laleh Poureidivand
Volume 9, Issue 27 , October 2014, , Pages 143-164
Abstract
AbstractThe tourism industry is humankind possesses certain features that make it distinct from economic activities. Tourism is a multifaceted activity and one of the most complex businesses with regard to human geography. The effect of climate on tourism demand and satisfaction of tourists make up this ...
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AbstractThe tourism industry is humankind possesses certain features that make it distinct from economic activities. Tourism is a multifaceted activity and one of the most complex businesses with regard to human geography. The effect of climate on tourism demand and satisfaction of tourists make up this factor as one of the most important factors influencing decisions to be considered for planning and choice of residence. One of the factors affecting the life, welfare and human health, atmospheric and climatic conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the tourism climate index (TCI) of the stations separately each month (1970 to 2013).For this purpose, the daily statistics of the parameters (maximum daily temperature, minimum relative humidity, daily mean temperature, mean relative humidity, total precipitation, average number of sunny days and average wind speed of other information) is extracted from the database for each month Meteorological Organization TCI index was calculated separately in the course of 36 years. Test for trend analysis of these indicators - Kendall and Sen's stick. The results of this study show that the tourism climatic index of the station in February, June and October, the trend is positive and significant
ali khatami firuz abadi
Abstract
One of the issues embedded in tourism, is planning for visiting historical places of interest. Due to the time limitations which tourists are usually faced with, they tend to visit places that according to their previous knowledge, render them the most utility. Isfahan has always been popular with tourists. ...
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One of the issues embedded in tourism, is planning for visiting historical places of interest. Due to the time limitations which tourists are usually faced with, they tend to visit places that according to their previous knowledge, render them the most utility. Isfahan has always been popular with tourists. Its historical monuments have hosted masses of tourists in the past and present time, as testified in various travel logs through the history. In this study, it is attempted to set a ranking for Isfahan’s historical sites so that they can be introduced to tourists based on a preplanned schedule. In so doing, Eastern European tourists who had accommodated in the city, were asked their viewpoints on the sites’ ranking. From among Isfahan’s attractions, the Naqsh-e Jahan Square (including the Imam Mosque, Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque, Ali Qapu Palace and Ghaisarieh Bazaar), Si–o–se Pol, Khaju Bridge, Monar Jonban, Hasht Behesht, Vank Cathedral, Chehel Sotoun Palace, Chaharbagh School, Atashgah and Zayanderood were chosen by the respondents. Since Zayanderood is observable when visiting Si–o–se Pol and Khaju Bridge, it was dropped out of the list. Although Chahar Bagh, Hakim Mosque and Atashgah were existent in the preliminary list, they were omitted on account of the tourists’ indifference. Relative unknownity of these three sites, compared to the other ones, was the main reason for this omission. The method of the study is multi-criteria decision making using ARIADNE. ARIADNE method requires upper and lower bounds for the decision making. For obtaining upper and lower bounds for each criterion, the average of numbers presented by the tourists was considered. Then, for each decision choice, one linear programming model with two functions of maximization and minimization was performed. Results suggested the significance order of sites-visiting as the following: Imam Square, Chehel Sotoun, Khaju Bridge, Si–o–se Pol, Vank Cathedral, Monar Jonban, and Hasht Behesht Palace.
Volume 8, Issue 24 , January 2014, , Pages 145-182
Parisa Rafiani Khachak; Marjan Mohammadzadeh; Seyed Hamed Mirkarimi
Volume 8, Issue 21 , April 2013, , Pages 145-165
Abstract
Walking tracks are primary recreation resource facilities on which recreation activities are executed. Also, they are considered as a liaison between visitors and nature. The main purpose of this study is to provide suitable guidelines for management and development of walking tracks. Therefore, a field ...
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Walking tracks are primary recreation resource facilities on which recreation activities are executed. Also, they are considered as a liaison between visitors and nature. The main purpose of this study is to provide suitable guidelines for management and development of walking tracks. Therefore, a field survey using GPS receivers was conducted to collect the required data regarding environmental conditions, characteristics of the place, and the recreational facilities existing on the area. Afterwards, data were analyzed with ArcGIS9.3 to provide a final map of the area’s walking tracks. Despite of visitors' high use of the walking tracks, results show no facilities such as signage along the tracks. Evidently, unsuitable management of the walking tracks of recreation areas, like this case, ends up in a variety of environmental negative impacts, and also decreases the quality of visitor’s recreational experience. Investigation of the walking tracks with regard to their geographic location, distance, time required to finish the tracks, and the facilities and attractions along the way, can serve as a pattern for development and better management of these tracks. By showing walking tracks investigation method, this research tries to provide a suitable model for better management of recreational areas and increase in visitors' recreational experience quality.
tourism management
Ali Motevali; Ali Mobini Dehkordi; Hossein Sadeghi
Abstract
The need to transition to an economic system that does not exceed environmental constraints requires a great deal of effort to address sustainability issues. In this regard, the circular economy model is expanding at political, commercial, and academic levels. The present study aimed to identify and ...
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The need to transition to an economic system that does not exceed environmental constraints requires a great deal of effort to address sustainability issues. In this regard, the circular economy model is expanding at political, commercial, and academic levels. The present study aimed to identify and analyze the factors influencing the entrepreneurial ecotourism based on circular economy. Having retrieved a total of 152 articles from the Google Scholar database, the study applied various filters and identified the most relevant articles (i.e., 14 items) regarding title, abstract, methodology, and article text. A meta-synthesis approach was used to analyze the articles, which led to the identification of 62 open codes and, at a higher level, seven core codes. The extracted categories were finally categorized under three stages: pre-circulation (empowerment and value creation), circulation (technology and biocentrism), and post-circulation (recycling and continuity).IntroductionDespite being classified as a service sector that produces intangible services, tourism relies on vast amounts and flows of inexhaustible natural resources. However, it largely reflects a linear production model (Manniche et al., 2021), which is based on a linear model of production and consumption, namely extraction/production and consumption/disposal, which depletes natural resources and produces waste. The current linear economy neither optimizes the use of materials nor promotes recycling and reuse of waste. Therefore, policymakers and stakeholders worldwide have increasingly focused on the concept of circular economy (CE). However, much of the CE literature has been developed mainly for the manufacturing sector, with only a limited number of sources devoted to the tourism sector, where massive consumption of energy and water, food waste, congestion problems, and CO2 emissions are prevailing (Rodríguez et al., 2020). Nonetheless, there is a growing focus on CE in order to address sustainability challenges. CE is emerging as a transformational model with economic, environmental, and social benefits (Clube & Tennant, 2020). It is gaining popularity in academia, industry, and policymaking as an alternative model that reduces resource consumption and minimizes greenhouse gas emissions. Business models are essential for implementing this concept at the organizational level (Geissdoerfera et al., 2020). However, there are very few documented initiatives on CE in the tourism industry, and this area has yet to be fully explored. CE is considered a relatively new paradigm that can contribute to a more sustainable tourism industry. In this respect, the tourism industry is worthy of further attention since it plays an essential role in economic transformation due to its multiplier effect on the whole economy and its capacity to encourage cyclical flows among suppliers and customers.Materials and MethodsThe current study is a qualitative research based on the meta-synthesis approach which involves examination of the data and findings extracted from other qualitative studies related to a research topic. It is worth noting that meta-synthesis is not the same as a comprehensive review of the qualitative literature. In meta-synthesis, the secondary and primary data analysis is applied not to the studies themselves but to their findings, so it involves combining interpretations of the primary data from the selected studies. This approach focuses on qualitative studies that do not necessarily cover a broad theoretical basis and, instead of providing a comprehensive summary of the findings, creates an interpretive synthesis of the findings (Zimmer, 2006). The sample of the present study consisted of a number of qualitative studies selected according to their relevance to the research question (Walsh & Down, 2005). Having retrieved a total of 152 articles from the Google Scholar database, the study applied various filters and identified the most relevant articles (i.e., 14 items) regarding title, abstract, methodology, and article text. They were then analyzed through a meta-synthesis approach, leading to the identification of several themes and categories.Results and DiscussionThe extracted categories were categorized under three stages: pre-circulation (empowerment and value creation), circulation (technology and biocentrism), and post-circulation (recycling and continuity).ConclusionThe primary purpose of this study was to identify and analyze previous research in the field of CE and its relationship with the tourism industry. Based on the analysis of the relevant articles, the extraction categories were categorized under three stages: pre-circulation (empowerment and value creation), circulation (technology and biocentrism), and post-circulation (recycling and continuity). The research findings suggest that developing the tourism industry based on CE approach is considered essential for sustainable growth and development of regions. The industry’s evolution towards CE to minimize its environmental footprint is of great importance. Circular tourism emphasizes the reuse of goods and waste recycling, and considers the use of second-hand rental goods and facilities as a valuable measure. In circular tourism, unlike linear tourism, the tour process does not end with the completion of the tour but enters the post-tour stage, which is as important as the tour stage. Compared to previous research, the present study is innovative in both practical and theoretical aspects. It is innovative in terms of research because it is one of the first studies in Iran to address the issue of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in the tourism industry with an emphasis on CE. Secondly, it looked at the conditions and advantages of tourism from an ecosystem perspective. The research findings can be useful for policymakers concerned with improving competitiveness and creating a conducive environment for entrepreneurial businesses. The novelty of this study lies in the contribution it makes by providing the relevant policymakers with a refined and new insight into the topic.
Ali asghar Mobasheri; Fatemeh Shekari; Moslem Bagheri; Zahra Moaven; Mehrdad Kiani
Abstract
Introduction
Ecotourism can serve as one of the effective strategies for economic, social, and environmental development of destinations. Nowadays, many policies aim to develop ecotourism and utilize its benefits, especially in the developing countries with rich natural resources. Iran is one of the ...
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Introduction
Ecotourism can serve as one of the effective strategies for economic, social, and environmental development of destinations. Nowadays, many policies aim to develop ecotourism and utilize its benefits, especially in the developing countries with rich natural resources. Iran is one of the countries with considerable potential for ecotourism development. However, there is no consistent plan to use the county’s potentialities in this respect. It is thus necessary to take serious measures to develop ecotourism and utilize Iran’s natural resources optimally. This study aims to propose a model of ecotourism development in Iran.
Materials and Methods
The present study relies on a mixed methods research design. Concerning the qualitative aspect, practitioners and experts were interviewed to extract the elements of the model. Then the data was analyzed through the method of thematic analysis. In the quantitative part, the dimensions and strategies were arranged into a questionnaire and were ranked by the tourism experts in Iran. Finally, the method of hesitant fuzzy sets was employed to analyze the data.
Results and Discussion
According to the results, the most important ecotourism development dimensions in Iran can be enumerated in order of importance as follows: management, infrastructure development, marketing and training, and human resource development. Moreover, the key ecotourism development strategies, in order of importance, are as follows: carrying out marketing activities to increase the market share of ecotourism, diversifying Iran’s ecotourism products, improving the access roads to tourism villages, and increasing the destination’s resilience to natural disasters.
Conclusion
Exploring the underlying conditions in Iran, this study proposed a model of ecotourism development in Iran as a potential destination for ecotourism. The findings can offer practical and scientific guidelines to managers and policymakers who seek to develop ecotourism in Iran.
Mehran Maghsoudi; hamid ganjaeian; Elmira Safdari; Milad Abdolmalki
Abstract
In the present study geotourism potentials of Zanjan province have been evaluated with emphasis on sustainable tourism development. The general trend of the present study is first to identify the pre-geosites of the study area, then to evaluate the geosites of the study area using Zouros and Kubalikova ...
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In the present study geotourism potentials of Zanjan province have been evaluated with emphasis on sustainable tourism development. The general trend of the present study is first to identify the pre-geosites of the study area, then to evaluate the geosites of the study area using Zouros and Kubalikova methods. After evaluating the pre-geosites, the impact of these pre-geosites on the development of sustainable tourism in the region has been investigated. For this purpose, 200 questionnaires have been used. The results of the evaluations indicate that Katale Khor Cave and Aladaghlar colored mountains have the highest value in both methods. After evaluating the pre-geosites, the impact of them on the economic, social and environmental status of the region is discussed. Among the effects mentioned earlier, improving the quality and quantity of handicrafts, increasing social interaction and improving the status of passages were the highest
tourism management
Ayoub Pazhouhan; Moslem Fallahi
Abstract
Religious tourism, a branch of cultural tourism, can stimulate development, especially in rural areas. This research was conducted to conceptualize a religious tourism development model emphasizing the holy sites of Kermanshah province. The research approach was of qualitative and Grounded Theory type; ...
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Religious tourism, a branch of cultural tourism, can stimulate development, especially in rural areas. This research was conducted to conceptualize a religious tourism development model emphasizing the holy sites of Kermanshah province. The research approach was of qualitative and Grounded Theory type; the research sample comprised experts in the field of religious tourism. Accordingly, 16 semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants using the purposeful sampling method. The four criteria of Lincoln and Guba, including credibility, transferability, reliability, and verifiability, were used to measure the validity and comply with the qualitative research features, validation, accuracy, and robustness of the data. The reliability of the research was also assessed using the test-retest reliability method, with 77% reliability. Strauss and Corbin’s systematic approach analyzed data. Through three open, central, and selective coding procedures, the content analysis results yielded 71 concepts, 14 sub-categories, and six main categories. Finally, the paradigmatic religious tourism development model was presented, in which the development of religious tourism was chosen as the central phenomenon affected by the causal conditions of the research. Contextual and intervening conditions and the central phenomenon formed religious tourism development strategies, and economic, cultural, and social development outcomes were obtained. In the end, practical suggestions were presented for developing religious tourism in Kermanshah province.Introduction"Religious tourism" is one of the oldest forms of tourism and plays an important role in the history of tourism development. Religious tourism includes people who travel for religious or spiritual purposes and visit religious places or participate in religious activities and festivals. In other words, religious tourism refers to all types of trips made with voluntary religious motivation, without pay, and for a limited period.Kermanshah province, with 16,550 sacred places and monuments, is one of the provinces with the potential to attract religious tourists. Despite the potential and attractions that Kermanshah province has in the field of tourism in general and religious tourism in particular, the category of religious tourism in this province should be addressed more. This matter has been neglected from the point of view of the trustees and planners of the matter.This research aims to develop a religious tourism development model with an emphasis on blessed and religious places and locations in Kermanshah province to creat employment and reduce the unemployment rate. So, the current study seeks to answer this question, what kind of model does Kermanshah province has for the development of religious tourism with an emphasis on blessed and religious places?Materials and MethodsThe current research is qualitative in terms of paradigm, developmental-applicative in terms of purpose, and exploratory and ground-theoretical in terms of method. The studied community of the research was made up of experts in the field of religious tourism. Based on this, 16 semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants using the purposeful sampling method. The data were analyzed using the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin. In order to analyze the data, three types of coding were used, which include open coding (creating concepts and categories), axial coding (identifying the core category, causal conditions, contextual and environmental conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences) and selective coding (creation of theory). In order to measure the validity and comply with the qualitative features of the research, validation, accuracy, and robustness of the data, the four criteria of Lincoln and Goba, such as reliability, transferability and appropriateness, reliability and stability, and verifiability, were used. The reliability of the research was also calculated using the test-retest reliability method, and 77% was obtained.ResultsConclusions The resulting Paradigm Model identified welfare and religious attractions as "causal conditions." The mentioned factors are the factors that make the development of religious tourism necessary and inevitable. Religious tourism development strategies include promotional strategies, infrastructural strategies, collaborative strategies, and human resource strategies that are affected by factors such as advertising management and integrated tourism management as "intervening conditions" And "background conditions" such as residents' attitude about the consequences of tourism and residents' attitude towards religious and cultural responsibilities towards pilgrims and tourists. Finally, the development of religious tourism leads to the emergence of "consequences of the development of religious tourism," such as "economic development," such as an increase in rial and foreign exchange income and the prosperity of the tax system, creating job opportunities for the local people of the province, expanding commercial and welfare centers around religious attractions. The province, the prosperity of local industries and products of the province, the employment of women and students on a part-time basis, and the attraction of domestic and foreign capital to the province; and "cultural and social development" such as cultural interaction and expansion of cultural exchanges of the province, strengthening of religious thinking among the local community of the province, awareness of the local community of cultural-religious assets, sense of pride of the local community in cultural-religious assets, strengthening of cultural character and increasing respect pilgrims are given the opportunity to strengthen religious and Islamic culture and rites between guilds and trades, and to revive local-religious traditions and manners. Based on the research findings, somepractical suggestions are presented to develop religious tourism in Kermanshah province
saeed isa zadeh; soudeh ghodsi
Volume 2, Issue 7 , March 2005, , Pages 151-172
Abstract
This study aims to estimate the employment multipliers of the various sectors related to tourism industry. In this regard, the amount of direct, indirect, and induced jobs associated with tourism sectors were measured. Also, using the input-output table of 1380 of Iran’s economy, the first and ...
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This study aims to estimate the employment multipliers of the various sectors related to tourism industry. In this regard, the amount of direct, indirect, and induced jobs associated with tourism sectors were measured. Also, using the input-output table of 1380 of Iran’s economy, the first and second employment multipliers were calculated. Results revealed that "wholesale and retail sales sector" with a normal multiplier of 0.002 and multiplier ratio of 15.15 obtains the first rank in creating jobs in Iran’s economy.
