نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مهندسی صنایع، دانشکد فنی و مهندسی، مجتمع آموزش عالی بم

2 کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت کارآفرینی – گردشگری، موسسه آموزش عالی امام جواد (ع)، یزد، ایران

3 استادیار گروه گردشگری و هتلداری مجتمع آموزش عالی بم، بم، ایران

4 استادیار،گروه مدیریت، مؤسسه آموزش عالی امام جواد(ع)، یزد، ایران،

چکیده

هدف از انجام این پژوهش طراحی مدلی برای ایجاد نگرش کارافرینانه در دانشجویان گردشگری دانشگاه‌های یزد است. این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت و روش توصیفی- همبستگی بوده است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش در دو گروه شامل خبرگان گردشگری و دانشجویان گردشگری دانشگاه‌های استان یزد می‌باشند. با استفاده از رویکرد مدل‌سازی ساختاری تفسیری با مشارکت تعداد 14 نفر از خبرگان گردشگری، پرسشنامه مقایسات زوجی میان عوامل شناسایی شده تکمیل گردید. سپس از رویکرد مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری و نرم افزار Smart PLS کمک گرفته شد. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که فرصت بازار بر محیط کسب و کار مساعد تأثیر مثبت دارد. همچنین محیط کسب و کار مساعد بر حمایت دولتی، توانایی سازماندهی و و مدیریت و فرهنگ کارآفرینی تأثیر مثبت و معناداری دارد. و در نهایت عوامل تجربه و دانش، روحیه کارآفرینی و همکاری و شبکه‌سازی بر قدرت خلاقیت و نوآوری تاثیرگذار بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The model of creating an entrepreneurial attitude of tourism students (case study: tourism students of universities in Yazd province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Saffari Darberazi 1
  • reza derakhshan 2
  • Morteza Bazrafshan 3
  • Ahmad Hajimoradi, 4

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering, Bam Higher Education Complex, Bam, Iran

2 Master of Entrepreneurship Management – Tourism, Imam Javad Higher Education Institute, Yazd, Yazd, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Bam Higher Education Complex, Bam, Iran

4 assistant professor, Department of Management, Imam Javad University College,yazd,Iran

چکیده [English]

The purpose of this research is to design a model for creating entrepreneurial attitudes among tourism students at universities in Yazd . The statistical population of this research includes two groups: tourism experts and tourism students from universities in Yazd province. To collect data, a questionnaire was used. Using the Interpretive Structural Modeling approach with the participation of 14 tourism experts, a pairwise comparison questionnaire was completed among the identified factors. Then, to fit the obtained model, the Structural Equation Modeling approach and Smart PLS software were used, The results of research showed that market opportunity has a positive and significant effect on a favorable business environment. Additionally, a favorable business environment has a positive and significant impact on government support, organizational and management ability, and entrepreneurial culture. Finally, factors such as experience and knowledge, entrepreneurial spirit, and collaboration and networking were influential on the power of creativity and innovation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Entrepreneurship
  • Tourism
  • Interpretive Structural Modeling
  • Structural Equation Modeling
  1. زنگی، نجیب، مستقیمی، محمدرضا، شجاعی، سامره، آزما، فریدون (1401). ارائه مدل نگرش کارآفرینانه در بخش دولتی با رویکرد تحلیل کیفی. مطالعات کارآفرینی و توسعه پایدار کشاورزی، شماره 1، صفحات 50-37. https://doi.org/10.22069/jead.2021.19333.1512
  2. مودودی‌ارخودی، مهدی، فردوسی، سجاد، برومند، ریحانه (1402). تدوین مدل مفهومی کارآفرینی همکارانه در حوزه گردشگری. کاوش­های مدیریت بازرگانی، شماره 31، صفحات 126-97. https://doi.org/10.22034/jbar.2023.18086.4141
  3. مفتاحی، هادی، نیک­سرشت، مهدی (1402). به‌کارگیری رویکرد کیفی فراترکیب جهت تدوین مدل پنجره فرصت کارآفرینی در زنجیره تأمین گردشگری. پژوهش­های جغرافیای انسانی. 22059/JHGR.2023.362732.1008621
  4. سیدکلالی، نادر، رئیسی‌فر، کامیار، حیدری، الهام (1402)، تحلیل نقش جهت‌گیری کارآفرینانه در تقویت عملکرد شرکت در صنعت گردشگری. مطالعات مدیریت گردشگری، سال 18، شماره 63، 193-228. DOI: 10.22054/tms.2023.73231.2827
  5. Al-Jubari, I., Mosbah, A., & Anor Salim, F. A. B. (2023). Motivational and attitudinal determinants of entrepreneurial intention: Hospitality and tourism students’ perspectives. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 35(2), pp. 97-107. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2021.1963747.
  6. Alford, P., & Jones, R. (2020). The lone digital tourism entrepreneur: Knowledge acquisition and collaborative transfer. Tourism management, 81, 104139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104139.
  7. Aryaningsih, N. N. (2020). Assessing of poverty alleviation model based on the entrepreneurship spirit in tourism villages. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(06), 14060-14068.
  8. Ayeh, J. K., Bondzi-Simpson, A., & Baah, N. G. (2023). Predicting students’ response to entrepreneurship in hospitality and tourism education: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 35(3), pp. 265-276. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2022.2056469.
  9. Bakas, F. E., Duxbury, N., & Vinagre de Castro, T. (2019). Creative tourism: Catalysing artisan entrepreneur networks in rural Portugal. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 25(4), pp. 731-752. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-03-2018-0177.
  10. Bernhard, I., & Olsson, A. K. (2020). Network collaboration for local and regional development-the case of Swedish women entrepreneurs. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 41(4), pp. 539-561. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2020.111578.
  11. Besio, K. (2003). Cultural tourism and tourism cultures: The business of mediating experiences in Copenhagen and Singapore. By CANG-SENG OOI. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Press, 2002. 277 pp. $31.00, € 32.00. The Journal of Asian Studies, 62(2), pp. 568-569. https://doi.org/10.2307/3096258.
  12. Butkouskaya, V., Romagosa, F., & Noguera, M. (2020). Obstacles to sustainable entrepreneurship amongst tourism students: a gender comparison. Sustainability, 12(5), p. 1812. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051812.
  13. Carlisle, S., Kunc, M., Jones, E., & Tiffin, S. (2013). Supporting innovation for tourism development through multi-stakeholder approaches: Experiences from Africa. Tourism Management, 35, pp. 59-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.05.010.
  14. Davidsson, P., Delmar, F., & Wiklund, J. (2017). Entrepreneurship as growth: growth as entrepreneurship. In Strategic entrepreneurship: Creating a New Mindset, pp. 328-342. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405164085.ch15.
  15. Dias, Á., Silva, G. M., Patuleia, M., & González-Rodríguez, M. R. (2023). Developing sustainable business models: Local knowledge acquisition and tourism lifestyle entrepreneurship. In Knowledge Management, Organisational Learning and Sustainability in Tourism (pp. 37-56): Routledge.
  16. Esfandiar, K., Sharifi-Tehrani, M., Pratt, S., & Altinay, L. (2019). Understanding entrepreneurial intentions: A developed integrated structural model approach. Journal of Business Research, 94, pp. 172-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.10.045.
  17. Figueroa-Domecq, C., De Jong, A., & Williams, A. M. (2020). Gender, tourism & entrepreneurship: A critical review. Annals of Tourism Research, 84, 102980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102980.
  18. Frederick, H., O'Connor, A., & Kuratko, D. F. (2018). Entrepreneurship: Cengage AU.
  19. Gouvea, R., Kapelianis, D., Montoya, M.-J. R., & Vora, G. (2021). The creative economy, innovation and entrepreneurship: an empirical examination. Creative Industries Journal, 14(1), pp. 23-62. https://doi.org/10.1080/17510694.2020.1744215.
  20. Guerrero, M., Rialp, J., & Urbano, D. (2008). The impact of desirability and feasibility on entrepreneurial intentions: A structural equation model. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4, pp. 35-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-006-0032-x.
  21. Gurel, E., Altinay, L., & Daniele, R. (2010). Tourism students’ entrepreneurial intentions. Annals of Tourism Research, 37(3), pp. 646-669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2009.12.003.
  22. Hingtgen, N., Kline, C., Fernandes, L., & McGehee, N. G. (2015). Cuba in transition: Tourism industry perceptions of entrepreneurial change. Tourism Management, 50, pp. 184-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.01.033.
  23. Honggang, X., & Shaoyin, M. (2014). Regional environment of destination and the entrepreneurship of small tourism businesses: A case study of Dali and Lijiang of Yunnan province. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(2), pp. 144-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2012.734524.
  24. Jain, V., & Raj, T. (2016). Modeling and analysis of FMS performance variables by ISM, SEM and GTMA approach. International Journal of Production Economics, 171, pp. 84-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.10.024.
  25. Jardim, J., Bártolo, A., & Pinho, A. (2021). Towards a global entrepreneurial culture: A systematic review of the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education programs. Education Sciences, 11(8), p. 398. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11080398.
  26. Lemmetyinen, A., & Go, F. M. (2009). The key capabilities required for managing tourism business networks. Tourism Management, 30(1), pp. 31-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.04.005.
  27. Lerner, M., & Haber, S. (2001). Performance factors of small tourism ventures: The interface of tourism, entrepreneurship and the environment. Journal of Business Venturing, 16(1), pp. 77-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(99)00038-5.
  28. Li, L. (2008). A review of entrepreneurship research published in the hospitality and tourism management journals. Tourism Management, 29(5), pp. 1013-1022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.01.003.
  29. Lordkipanidze, M., Brezet, H., & Backman, M. (2005). The entrepreneurship factor in sustainable tourism development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 13(8), pp. 787-798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.02.043.
  30. Nawi, N. B. C., Al Mamun, A., Nasir, N. A. M., Abdullah, A., & Mustapha, W. N. W. (2019). Brand image and consumer satisfaction towards Islamic travel packages: A study on tourism entrepreneurship in Malaysia. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 13(2), pp. 188-202. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-02-2019-0007.
  31. Ndou, V., Mele, G., & Del Vecchio, P. (2019). Entrepreneurship education in tourism: An investigation among European Universities. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 25, 100175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2018.10.003.
  32. Presenza, A., Abbate, T., Meleddu, M., & Sheehan, L. (2020). Start-up entrepreneurs’ personality traits. An exploratory analysis of the Italian tourism industry. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(17), 2146-2164. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1677572.
  33. Ratten, V. (2020). Tourism entrepreneurship research: a perspective article. Tourism Review, 75(1), pp. 122-125. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-06-2019-0204.
  34. Sakdiyakorn, M., & Sivarak, O. (2016). Innovation management in cultural heritage tourism: Experience from the Amphawa waterfront community, Thailand. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 21(2), pp. 212-238. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2015.1048261.
  35. Stephan, U., Rauch, A., & Hatak, I. (2023). Happy entrepreneurs? Everywhere? A meta-analysis of entrepreneurship and wellbeing. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 47(2), pp. 553-593. https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587211072799.
  36. Thirumalesh Madanaguli, A., Kaur, P., Bresciani, S., & Dhir, A. (2021). Entrepreneurship in rural hospitality and tourism. A systematic literature review of past achievements and future promises. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(8), 2521-2558. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-09-2020-1121.
  37. Tripopsakul, S., Mokkhamakkul, T., & Puriwat, W. (2022). The development of the entrepreneurial spirit index: An application of the entrepreneurial cognition approach. Emerging Science Journal, 6(3), pp. 493-504. 28991/ESJ-2022-06-03-05.
  38. Valeri, M., & Katsoni, V. (2021). Gender and tourism: Challenges and entrepreneurial opportunities: Emerald Publishing Limited.
  39. Yodchai, N., Ly, P. T. M., & Tran, L. T. T. (2022). How the creative mindset affects entrepreneurial success in the tourism sector: the mediating role of innovation capability. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 34(1), pp. 279-298. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-06-2021-0695.
  40. Zhao, W., Ritchie, J. B., & Echtner, C. M. (2011). Social capital and tourism entrepreneurship. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4), 1570-1593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.02.006.