salman eivazinezhad; Mohsen Akbari
Abstract
The present study seeks to identify the factors affecting the behaviour of tourists about environmental protection activities. The research method has based on meta-synthesis. After searching for specific keywords in two journals, Google Scholar and Web Science, 198 articles have been extracted. Eventually, ...
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The present study seeks to identify the factors affecting the behaviour of tourists about environmental protection activities. The research method has based on meta-synthesis. After searching for specific keywords in two journals, Google Scholar and Web Science, 198 articles have been extracted. Eventually, 40 articles were coded and analyzed manually. The selected articles were divided into two categories, which included tourists' behaviour towards the environment and explaining the behaviour of indigenous people towards the environment. After extracting the sub-themes, the factors influencing tourists' behaviour towards three main themes can be suggested: indicators related to tourists - country of origin and destination country. Finally, by comparing the two categories of research, it can be suggested that consumers' perceptions of uncontrollable external factors such as the roles of governments and the understanding of chance/fate factors can explain the gaps in the present predicting the tourists' behaviour toward the environment. IntroductionToday, paying attention to the environment is a very important issue in developing and developed countries. One of the areas that can severely affect the environment is tourism, which has become an important part of the gross national income for most countries. Due to its cultural heritage and its natural and four-season landscapes, Iran has attracted many tourists every year. Considering the importance of the environment on the one hand and the improvement of the tourism industry, on the other hand, the development of tourist behaviours is very important. Give tourists behaviour.Materials and MethodsAccording to the research topic, the method used is meta-synthesis because the theoretical gap of the research was not clear. In the first stage, 198 articles were identified through the specified keywords, after which 40 papers were finally selected for the final analysis. The selected articles were divided into two categories, which included the behaviour of tourists and the indigenous behaviour of individuals towards the environment. The coding process was performed separately in each of these categories to identify new themes by comparing them. Caldwell is a model for measuring the validity and quality of research. In this type of evaluation, based on the basic and basic criteria, the subjects, the scope, the results, the studies, the methodology, and the validity of the articles were assessed. Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to properly execute the process and reliable the analysis and coding results. Several reviewed articles (15 out of 40) were randomly selected and provided to another experienced researcher for this purpose. In this study, Cohen's kappa coefficient for coding of two researchers was 0.78, which indicates high reliability.Discussion and ResultsAfter extracting the sub-themes, we finally suggested the factors affecting tourists' behaviour towards three main themes: indicators related to tourists, country of origin, and country of destination. The section on indicators related to tourists, motivations - attitude - personal experiences, environmental knowledge, materialism, pride, guilt, individual factors, significant experiences, tourist anxiety, nostalgia, age, gender, willingness to pay more, group size, Travel time is included. For the country of origin, institutional environment, level of development - development of the Internet, religion, media, air pollution, and for the country of origin, factors such as destination loyalty, destination brand, destination culture, environmental climate, religion, location were categorized. Also, for the natives, the main factors explaining the behaviour of tourists were identified, which are in the same three categories. In addition to these identified themes, theories were identified that have been considered in explaining indigenous behaviour towards the environment but have not been studied in the behaviour of tourists.ConclusionsConsidering the comparison of researches done in the two fields of tourism and public actors regarding the environment, it is suggested that to improve the activities of tourists in the field of environment. It is necessary to pay attention to three items: the position of their country, the position of the destination country, motivations and The tourist's own experiences. Also, by comparing the two categories of research conducted, it can be suggested that consumers' perceptions of uncontrollable external factors such as government maps and an understanding of factors of chance, habit, and social capital can be gaps in predicting tourist behaviour. It is suggested that researchers in their research consider these variables in explaining the behaviour of tourists.
yavar babaei; maryam fani
Abstract
Today, green human resource management has become an essential strategy for moving businesses toward environmentally friendly behaviors. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the impact of green human resource management on environmental citizenship behavior and environmentally friendly behaviors ...
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Today, green human resource management has become an essential strategy for moving businesses toward environmentally friendly behaviors. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the impact of green human resource management on environmental citizenship behavior and environmentally friendly behaviors in the hotel industry. In terms of purpose, this is applied research, and in terms of methodology, it is a descriptive survey. Its statistical population was the managers and employees of 4 and 5-star hotels in Yazd and Kerman. The sampling method is cluster sampling, in which six hotels in Yazd and Kerman and 203 employees and managers of these hotels were selected as a sample. The data collection method was a questionnaire, and data analysis was performed using structural equations. Findings showed that green human resource management has a positive and significant effect on employee environmental involvement, environmental citizenship behavior, and environmentally friendly behaviors. Also, environmental involvement and environmental citizenship behavior of employees have a significant impact on the environmentally friendly behaviors of employees. Because employee behaviors lead to the improved environmental performance of the entire organization; therefore, the success of an organization's environmental management depends on the employees' environmentally friendly behaviors. Hotels can influence the environmental behaviors of employees through green human resource management mechanisms and thus facilitate the involvement of employees in environmental activities in the hotel and their environmental citizenship behavior. This study provides suggestions and practical solutions to promote Green Hotel policies and improve employees' environmentally-friendly behaviors.IntroductionTo succeed in society and facilitate their profitability, organizations today must focus on social and environmental factors and economic factors (Daily et al., 2007). Sustainability has quickly become one of the top priorities for corporate executives worldwide, as awareness of the concept of greenness creates new ways of doing business in corporate strategies. The emergence of the hotel industry is a process of developing new ways of doing things that have reduced environmental damage and the waste of resources. This green movement has improved the ecological performance of many hotels, reduced their operating costs, and enhanced their corporate image (Kim et al., 2019). One of the main stakeholders in environmental issues is businesses, and it makes sense that they should also be part of the environmental solution. There is ample evidence that a large portion of the workforce is concerned about the environment. Employees are more committed and satisfied with organizations that play an influential role in securing green (Ahmad, 2015). So the central issue in this research is what effect does green human resource management have on environmental involvement, environmental citizenship behavior and environmentally-friendly behaviors of hotel staff?Materials and MethodsThis research is applied in nature and descriptive survey in terms of the data collection method. The statistical population is the managers and employees of 4 and 5-star hotels in Yazd and Kerman. Using the cluster sampling method, 203 people from 6 hotels participated in this study. In terms of time domain, it was done in 2019. The tool used to collect data includes the Green Human Resource Management Questionnaire (Kim et al., 2019), Environmental Involvement (Pham et al., 2019), Environmental Citizenship Behavior (Paille & Raineri, 2016), and Environmentally-Friendly Behavior (Kim et al., 2019). Finally, structural equation modeling has been used to analyze the data and the relationship between the research variables.Discussion and ResultsThis study showed that green human resource management with a path coefficient of 0.451 and 0.782 and significances of 4.47 and 39.238, respectively, has a positive effect on environmental citizenship behavior and environmental involvement of employees. In addition, employee environmental involvement with a path coefficient of 0.367 and a significance of 3.699, significantly affects organizational citizenship behavior. Also, the variables of green human resource management, environmental involvement, and organizational citizenship behavior with path coefficients of 0.618, 0.544, and 0.578, respectively, and values of 6.129, 8.372, and 18.688, respectively, have a positive and significant effect on the environmentally-friendly behavior of employees.ConclusionsToday, green human resource management has become an essential strategy for moving businesses toward environmentally friendly behaviors. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the impact of green human resource management on environmental citizenship behavior and environmentally friendly behaviors in the hotel industry. In terms of purpose, this is applied research, and in terms of methodology, it is a descriptive survey. Its statistical population was the managers and employees of 4 and 5-star hotels in Yazd and Kerman. The sampling method is cluster sampling, in which six hotels in Yazd and Kerman and 203 employees and managers of these hotels were selected as a sample. The data collection method was a questionnaire, and data analysis was performed using structural equations. Findings showed that green human resource management has a positive and significant effect on employee environmental involvement, environmental citizenship behavior, and environmentally friendly behaviors. Also, environmental involvement and environmental citizenship behavior of employees have a significant impact on the environmentally friendly behaviors of employees. Because employee behaviors lead to the improved environmental performance of the entire organization; therefore, the success of an organization's environmental management depends on the employees' environmentally friendly behaviors. Hotels can influence the environmental behaviors of employees through green human resource management mechanisms and thus facilitate the involvement of employees in environmental activities in the hotel and their environmental citizenship behavior. This study provides suggestions and practical solutions to promote Green Hotel policies and improve employees' environmentally-friendly behaviors.IntroductionTo succeed in society and facilitate their profitability, organizations today must focus on social and environmental factors and economic factors (Daily et al., 2007). Sustainability has quickly become one of the top priorities for corporate executives worldwide, as awareness of the concept of greenness creates new ways of doing business in corporate strategies. The emergence of the hotel industry is a process of developing new ways of doing things that have reduced environmental damage and the waste of resources. This green movement has improved the ecological performance of many hotels, reduced their operating costs, and enhanced their corporate image (Kim et al., 2019). One of the main stakeholders in environmental issues is businesses, and it makes sense that they should also be part of the environmental solution. There is ample evidence that a large portion of the workforce is concerned about the environment. Employees are more committed and satisfied with organizations that play an influential role in securing green (Ahmad, 2015). So the central issue in this research is what effect does green human resource management have on environmental involvement, environmental citizenship behavior and environmentally-friendly behaviors of hotel staff?Materials and Methods This research is applied in nature and descriptive survey in terms of the data collection method. The statistical population is the managers and employees of 4 and 5-star hotels in Yazd and Kerman. Using the cluster sampling method, 203 people from 6 hotels participated in this study. In terms of time domain, it was done in 2019. The tool used to collect data includes the Green Human Resource Management Questionnaire (Kim et al., 2019), Environmental Involvement (Pham et al., 2019), Environmental Citizenship Behavior (Paille & Raineri, 2016), and Environmentally-Friendly Behavior (Kim et al., 2019). Finally, structural equation modeling has been used to analyze the data and the relationship between the research variables.Discussion and ResultsThis study showed that green human resource management with a path coefficient of 0.451 and 0.782 and significances of 4.47 and 39.238, respectively, has a positive effect on environmental citizenship behavior and environmental involvement of employees. In addition, employee environmental involvement with a path coefficient of 0.367 and a significance of 3.699, significantly affects organizational citizenship behavior. Also, the variables of green human resource management, environmental involvement, and organizational citizenship behavior with path coefficients of 0.618, 0.544, and 0.578, respectively, and values of 6.129, 8.372, and 18.688, respectively, have a positive and significant effect on the environmentally-friendly behavior of employees. ConclusionsThis study linked the concept of green human resource management to the behaviors of the hotel staff. This research is a practical approach for tourism destination managers and actors providing hospitality areas and departments. Using green human resource management practices can help hotel managers drive their employees into pro-environmental behaviors. To achieve this, hotel managers can use ways in which employees are more involved in deciding and presenting creative ways. As issues of environmental protection and sustainable management have become one of the essential responsibilities of hotels, it is recommended that hotels first manage green human resources before making any environmental efforts. Doing green human resource management helps hotels’ employees reinforce that the hotel is committed to protecting the environment. This strengthens staff commitment to the hotel and improves staff’s environmentally-friendly behaviors. As a result, hotels need to prioritize green human resource management.
