@article { author = {}, title = {Vol. 16. No. 53. Spring 2021}, journal = {Tourism Management Studies}, volume = {16}, number = {53}, pages = {-}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Allameh Tabataba’i University}, issn = {2322-3294}, eissn = {2476-597X}, doi = {}, abstract = {}, keywords = {}, title_fa = {شناسه نشریه، سال شانزدهم، شماره53 بهار 1400}, abstract_fa = {}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_15938.html}, eprint = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_15938_e5057ce848a89af982ddda17b768059c.pdf} } @article { author = {ahmadi, mohammad saleh and Rahnamaii, Mohammadtaghi and Ali Akbari, Esmaeil}, title = {Explaining the Technocratic View of Urban Development Plans on Tourism by a Triangulation (Case Study: Kermanshah Province)}, journal = {Tourism Management Studies}, volume = {16}, number = {53}, pages = {1-31}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Allameh Tabataba’i University}, issn = {2322-3294}, eissn = {2476-597X}, doi = {10.22054/tms.2021.49345.2257}, abstract = {Abstract Many of the benefits passed on to us through the advancement of technology are now indispensable to our daily lives and have created a bustling, noisy and artificial urban space. People see their vacation as a chance to make them relax from work and everyday life. The urban development strategy is the city's development document in all its dimensions. While the comprehensive plans are evidence of the city's development in our country, they play a major deterrent role, and their guiding role is very slight. One of the key and important concepts used to explain the attitude and approach of urban tourism management in Iran is the technocracy phenomena which means the rule of technologists or technologists. Research methodologyAccording to the purpose of the study, the type of applied research is descriptive-analytical and semi-structured interviews, the researcher-made questionnaire with the reliability of 0.84, and environmental observations with emphasis on the three-way method. Data were collected using triangular method through interview, observation, questionnaire and content analysis. Accordingly ، interviews and observations in the context of environment and questionnaires have been used to explain the impact of the technocratic view on urban development plans on tourism. ConclusionThe results of the three dimensions showed that the technocratic and technocratic outlook in urban plans has marginalized tourism and diminished the potential of urban tourism and resulted in the loss of the major identities of tourist attractions. These projects are theoretically and content such as disregarding the multidimensional nature of the city and its unpredictable variables, reducing comprehensive urban planning to physical planning, not paying enough attention to the need for targeting, decision making and decision making, not paying attention. Enough of the need to integrate physical goals with environmental and socio-economic goals has resulted in the destruction of the city's core functions and has only taken into account the technical aspect.}, keywords = {Technocratic,Urban Plans,Tourism,urban tourism,Three Sacrifice}, title_fa = {تبیین اثر نگاه فن سالارانه در طرح های توسعه شهری بر گردشگری با روش سه سوسازی( مطالعه موردی: استان کرمانشاه)}, abstract_fa = {رونق فعالیت­های گردشگری در هرمنطقه، برآمده از برنامه­ریزی و خط­مشی­هایی است که برای آن منطقه تدوین می­شود. فرایند برنامه­ها و طرح­های توسعه­ی گردشگری مبین راهبردها، رویکردها، سیاست­ها و خط­مشی­های کشورهای گوناگون نسبت به مقوله­ی گردشگری است. در ایران نگاه فن سالارانه برنامه­ریزان شهری باعث شده است که این طرح‌ها شهر را به‌عنوان مرکز جمعیت، تجارت، حمل‌ونقل و... دیده‌اند، اما شهر به‌عنوان یک مرکز گردشگر پذیر دیده نشده است.طرح­های توسعه شهری در ایران کارکرد مناسب و مورد انتظار برنامه ریزان، مدیران شهری و مردم نبوده و گردشگری در این طرح­ها نقش پررنگی ندارند. این تحقیق در پی تحلیل نگاه فن سالارانه این طرح­ها و اثرات آن بر ضعف گردشگری در شهرها است.با توجه به اهداف پژوهش، نوع تحقیق کاربردی با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و از مصاحبه‌های نیمه ساختاریافته، ابزار پرسشنامه و مشاهدات محیطی با تأکید بـر روش سه سوسازی است. جهت تحلیل داده‌ها و اطلاعات گردآوری‌شده از تحلیل‌های کمی و کیفی بهره گرفته شد. نتایج ابعاد سه‌گانه نشان داد که نگاه فن سالارانه و تکنوکرات در طرح‌های شهری، گردشگری را به حاشیه رانده و پتانسیل‌های گردشگری شهری را کمرنگ نموده و منجر به از دست رفتن هویت‌های اصلی جاذبه‌های گردشگری شده است. شایسته است که جهت توسعه گردشگری شهری از نگاه فنی و تکنوکراتی محض به آن دوری جست و نظریات سایر متخصصان دیگر را نیز لحاظ نموده و گردشگری شهری را به‌عنوان ابزاری جهت توسعه پایدار شهری در نظر داشت.کلیدواژه‌ها: فن سالارانه، طرح‌های شهری، گردشگری، گردشگری شهری، سه سوسازی}, keywords_fa = {فن سالارانه,طرح های شهری,گردشگری,گردشگری شهری,سه سوسازی}, url = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_12519.html}, eprint = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_12519_037a650e7d562387348228891f89a7d1.pdf} } @article { author = {fazli, nafise and Roknadin Eftekhari, Abdolreza and pourtaheri, mahdi}, title = {Measuring Satisfaction of Tourists from Ecolodge Resorts Quality by Using of CSM Index}, journal = {Tourism Management Studies}, volume = {16}, number = {53}, pages = {33-72}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Allameh Tabataba’i University}, issn = {2322-3294}, eissn = {2476-597X}, doi = {10.22054/tms.2021.39057.2124}, abstract = {One of the most important subjects in tourism development assessment is the satisfaction of tourists from the ecolodge resorts quality. Naturally, increased satisfaction of tourists from the capacity and quality of recreation and residential facilities is directly proportional to the growth of tourism. In this regard, the aim of this study was to investigate the tourists satisfaction from the quality of ecolodge resorts in rurals of Tehran province in the form of six indicators of the quality of infrastructure and health services, quality of infrastructure and welfare and catering services, quality of security, quality of territorial resources, the quality of physical infrastructure and the quality of environmental health. To this end, a questionnaire measuring the satisfaction of tourists from the quality of ecolodge resorts was prepared and standardized by statistical methods. Used method in this study is descriptive-analytical and its type is applied and the method of data collecting is done in both documentary and survey. The statistical population of the study is rural tourists in 6 rural accommodation centers. For determination of the sample size, the Cochran formula was used for uncertain or unconfined society with 95% confidence level, with the estimated number of samples estimated at 160. Data were analyzed using PASW software and CSM index. The results of the research indicate that the satisfaction of rural tourists in the quality of territorial resources quality has been higher than other sectors. In other words, the closest performance to expect is the quality of territorial resources, and the quality of the physical infrastructure is thereafter. This is while the quality of security has the lowest satisfaction.   }, keywords = {satisfaction,Quality,Eco lodge Resorts,Rural Tourists,CSM Index,Tehran Province}, title_fa = {سنجش رضایت گردشگران از کیفیت اقامتگاه‌های گردشگری روستایی با استفاده از شاخص CSM مطالعه موردی(اقامتگاهای گردشگری روستایی استان تهران)}, abstract_fa = {به‌طور طبیعی، افزایش رضایت گردشگران از ظرفیت و کیفیت تاسیسات اقامتی و تفریحی با رشد گردشگری نسبت مستقیم دارد. در همین زمینه، هدف تحقیق حاضر، بررسی وضعیت رضایت‌مندی گردشگران از کیفیت اقامتگاه‌های گردشگری استان تهران در قالب 6 شاخص کیفیت زیرساخت و خدمات بهداشتی و درمانی،کیفیت زیرساخت و خدمات رفاهی و پذیرایی،کیفیت زیرساخت و خدمات رفاهی و پذیرایی،کیفیت امنیت،کیفیت منابع سرزمینی،کیفیت زیرساخت فیزیکی وکیفیت بهداشت محیطی است. جامعه آماری تحقیق را گردشگران روستایی در 6 مرکز اقامتی روستایی تشکیل می‌دهند که تعداد نمونه‌های تخمین‌زده مورد نظر 160 نفر بدست آمد. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS و شاخص CSM تجزیه‌و‌تحلیل شد. نتایج تحقیق بیانگر این است که میزان رضایت‌مندی گردشگران روستایی در متغیر کیفیت منابع سرزمینی بیشتر از دیگر بخش‌ها بوده است.}, keywords_fa = {رضایت‌مندی,کیفیت,اقامتگاه‌های بوم‌گردی,گردشگران روستایی,شاخص CSM,استان تهران}, url = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_12566.html}, eprint = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_12566_2c4005bf73e8203cd649725acaa21a49.pdf} } @article { author = {Majidifar, Mohammad Masoud and Zahedi, Shamsosadat and Jafari, Azizolah and Hashemi, Seyed Saeid}, title = {The Identification and Prioritization of Technological capability Assessment Indicators in Hotel Industry Case study: Parsian Chain Hotels Case study: Parsian Chain Hotels in Tehran}, journal = {Tourism Management Studies}, volume = {16}, number = {53}, pages = {73-107}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Allameh Tabataba’i University}, issn = {2322-3294}, eissn = {2476-597X}, doi = {10.22054/tms.2021.52120.2310}, abstract = {Abstract Due to the crucial role of technology in competitiveness and economic growth, the technological capability assessment has been paid attention to by countries in recent years. Applying technology to gain competitive advantage, knowledge, and recognizing the firm's technological capability is one of the most important key factors in success. Introduction  Technological needs assessment is a tool to assess the capabilities required to implement technological priorities. The technology-oriented hospitality industry is one of the important and strategic industries in the world. Materials and methods This study aimed to prioritize technological capability assessment indicators to assess technological capabilities and develop a strategy for the Parsian Chain Hotels. The current research identifies and prioritizes appropriate technological capability assessment indicators according to the hospitality industry due to the importance of assessing technological capabilities and strategy formulation and their relation. Discussion and results  The results of this prioritization helped to develop future policies for this hotel. In this regard, according to the literature review, 32 indicators have been identified. According to the mentioned 32 indicators and validity confirmation by experts, 80 questionnaires have been collected after designing the questionnaire. Conclusions  After the confidence of questionnaire reliability by Cronbach's alpha test, exploratory factor analysis has been done, and 31 indicators in the shape of 8 factors have been classified and prioritized.}, keywords = {Technology,Technological Capabilities,Technology Assessment,hotel industry,Parsian Chain Hotels}, title_fa = {شناسایی و اولویت بندی شاخص های ارزیابی توانمندی فناورانه در صنعت هتلداری مطالعه موردی: هتل های زنجیره ای پارسیان تهران}, abstract_fa = {با توجه به نقش روزافزون تکنولوژی در توسعه رقابت و نیز رشد اقتصادی، در سال‌های اخیر توجه بسیاری به ارزیابی توانمندی فناورانه در کشورهای پیشرفته شده است. از مهم‌ترین عوامل اصلی در موفقیت به‌کارگیری تکنولوژی در جهت کسب مزیت رقابتی، آگاهی و شناخت سطح قابلیت فناورانه بنگاه و استفاده مناسب از آن‌ها است. صنعت هتلداری نیز به‌عنوان یک صنعت تکنولوژی محور، یکی از صنایع مهم و استراتژیک در دنیای امروز به‌حساب می‌آید. هدف از پژوهش حاضر اولویت‌بندی شاخص‌های ارزیابی توانمندی فناورانه در جهت ارزیابی توانمندی فناورانه و تدوین استراتژی در هتل­های زنجیره‌ای پارسیان تهران است. نتایج حاصل از این اولویت‌بندی، کمک شایانی در جهت تدوین سیاست‌های آینده این هتل است. در این پژوهش، پس از مرور ادبیات موضوع، 32 شاخص که ویژگی‌های دقیق شاخص‌های عملکرد را داشته باشند، شناسایی شدند. پس از طراحی پرسشنامه بر اساس 32 شاخص یادشده و تأیید روایی آن توسط خبرگان، تعداد 80 پرسشنامه جمع‌آوری گردید. پس از اطمینان از پایایی پرسشنامه به‌وسیله آزمون آلفای کرونباخ و همچنین اطمینان از مناسب بودن داده‎ها برای انجام تحلیل عاملی به‌وسیله شاخص کی‎ام‎او و آزمون بارتلت، به تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی داده‎های به‌دست‌آمده پرداخته شد و 31 شاخص موردمطالعه در قالب 8 عامل دسته‌بندی‌شده و بر اساس بار عاملی‎شان اولویت‎بندی شدند.بر اساس نتایج تحقیق، عامل اول که توانمندی نگهداری و حمایتی است، بالاترین اولویت را کسب کرده است و از میان شاخص‌های این عامل، اعلام قیمت یا مزایده و مذاکره راجع به شرایط فروش کالا یا خدمت و همچنین توانمندی طرح‌ریزی، نظارت و هماهنگی فعالیت‌های بازاریابی و فروش، بالاترین بار عاملی را دارند.}, keywords_fa = {تکنولوژی,توانمندی فناورانه,ارزیابی تکنولوژی,صنعت هتلداری,هتل‌های زنجیره ای پارسیان}, url = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_12530.html}, eprint = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_12530_d0b51dd3130dca4646f5594d002d6c9b.pdf} } @article { author = {Shahhoseini, Mohammadali and Nazari, Mohsen and Torkestani, Mohamad saleh and Ghorbani, Fatemeh}, title = {Conceptual Model of Corporate Social Responsibility in Iran’s Tourism}, journal = {Tourism Management Studies}, volume = {16}, number = {53}, pages = {109-171}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Allameh Tabataba’i University}, issn = {2322-3294}, eissn = {2476-597X}, doi = {10.22054/tms.2021.50748.2284}, abstract = {Abstract The corporate social responsibility approach and the tourism industry are directly related to the community and the environment and are somehow intertwined and highly interrelated. This research aimed to present a conceptual model of corporate social responsibility in Iran’s tourism. A qualitative research approach has been used for conducting this research. This research’s statistical population has consisted of all tourism experts in 2018. The sample consists of 21 of them selected using purposive judgmental and snowball sampling methods; sampling was continued until theoretical saturation. The research tool was semi-structured interviews whose trustworthiness was assessed using the review method when coding and approval of research colleagues. The coding of the data was done manually, and according to the main purpose of the research, a paradigm model was constructed using the Grounded Theory approach. According to the results, the phenomenon of corporate social responsibility in the field of tourism includes various dimensions of "intra-company," "environmental," "economical," "social," "cultural," and "legal." The results also showed that "gaining social acceptance," "forming new concepts and knowledgeable and responsible tourists," "compensating for the negative effects of tourism," and "economic profitability" are the causal conditions affecting the implementation of this responsibility. Besides, intervening conditions and contexts affecting corporate social responsibility implementation strategies in the field of tourism in Iran were identified, which lead to "sustainable tourism development," "corporate competitive advantage," and "business sustainability."}, keywords = {Corporate Social responsibility,Tourism Industry,Grounded Theory,Iran}, title_fa = {مدل مفهومی مسئولیت اجتماعی شرکت‌ها در حوزه گردشگری ایران با رویکرد نظریه داده بنیاد}, abstract_fa = {صنعت گردشگری و رویکرد مسئولیت اجتماعی شرکت‌ها؛ هردو ارتباط مستقیمی با جامعه و محیط اطراف دارند و به‌نوعی در هم تنیده و بسیار به هم مرتبط هستند. هدف مقاله حاضر ارائه مدل مفهومی مسئولیت اجتماعی شرکت‌ها در حوزه گردشگری ایران است. جامعه پژوهش کلیه خبرگان گردشگری در سال 1397 می‌باشند که با منطق نمونه‌گیری نظری و به روش نمونه‌گیری قضاوتی و گلوله برفی تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری انتخاب شدند و درمجموع حجم نمونه معادل 21 نفر شد. ابزار پژوهش مصاحبه‌های نیمه ساختاریافته بود که قابلیت اعتماد با استفاده از روش بازبینی در زمان کدگذاری و تأیید همکاران پژوهشی استفاده شده است. داده‌های حاصل از مصاحبه‌ها به‌صورت دستی و با استفاده از روش نظریه داده بنیاد تحلیل شد. مطابق با نتایج، پدیده مسئولیت اجتماعی شرکت‌ها در حوزه گردشگری شامل ابعاد مختلف «درون شرکتی»، «محیط‌زیستی»، «اقتصادی»، «اجتماعی»، «فرهنگی» و «قانونی» می‌شود. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که «کسب مقبولیت اجتماعی»، «شکل‌گیری مفاهیم جدید و گردشگران آگاه و مسئول»، «جبران اثرات منفی گردشگری» و «منفعت‌طلبی اقتصادی» شرایط علی مؤثر بر اجرای این مسئولیت هستند. علاوه ‌بر این، شرایط مداخله‌گر و زمینه‌ای مؤثر بر راهبردهای اجرای مسئولیت اجتماعی شرکت‌ها در حوزه گردشگری ایران نیز شناسایی شدند که اجرای این راهبردها به «توسعه پایدار گردشگری»، «مزیت رقابتی شرکت» و «پایداری کسب‌وکار» می‌انجامد.}, keywords_fa = {مسئولیت اجتماعی شرکت,صنعت گردشگری,نظریه داده بنیاد,ایران}, url = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_12557.html}, eprint = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_12557_671e7429aa4bc0f21ce728e512ce240a.pdf} } @article { author = {vahidzadegan, fariba and Zangiabadi, Ali}, title = {Explaining the Interaction of Tourism brand equity and Urban Landscape from the Perspective of Foreign Tourists (case study: Isfahan Metropolis)}, journal = {Tourism Management Studies}, volume = {16}, number = {53}, pages = {173-200}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Allameh Tabataba’i University}, issn = {2322-3294}, eissn = {2476-597X}, doi = {10.22054/tms.2021.57888.2466}, abstract = {Abstract Introduction In the face of the increasing competitiveness of the tourism industry, destination tourism brand emerges as an important asset determining tourism destination identity. Attention to the urban landscape and planning is one of the most important factors that can greatly impact the urban brand. Urban landscape initially attracted the attention of the tourists. In a competitive environment, cities try to gain more market share, outstanding talent, and global attention. The main resources and attractions that are the key motivators for traveling and visiting a destination are divided into eight categories: 1- Environmental attractions (natural and human-made landscapes) 2- Culture and history 3- souvenirs and handicrafts 4-customs 5-celebrities 6-food 7- festivities and events 8-Tourism infrastructures. Apart from their role in shaping the form of the city, good and prominent urban landscapes serve as a tool for governments to increase their ability to attract tourists and global investments. Cities with a favorable visual environment can enhance their mental image and strengthen civic pride by expanding the audience's aesthetic experience. In such a competitive environment, paying attention to the urban brand is more important than ever. Urban and tourism managers have realized that to promote tourism, they must pay attention to various aspects of urban branding. The urban landscape is one of the factors that greatly impact the urban brand and its development and progress. This study investigates the role of the Isfahan urban landscape in the tourism brand of this city. This study investigates the role of Isfahan urban landscape in the tourism brand of the city. The main purpose of this study was to Explain the Interaction of Tourism brand equity and Urban Landscape from the Perspective of Foreign Tourists and prioritize the factors affecting the Isfahan tourism brand equity. Data and Method With a rich historical, cultural, artistic, natural background, Isfahan city is one of Iran's most important tourist destinations. The present study is applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytic and survey concerning the method. The statistical population of the survey includes all foreign tourists who visited the city of Isfahan in 2019. The study sample based on Cochran's formula is 383 foreign tourists. In this research, by using the brand equity model, we validate the Isfahan tourism brand by emphasizing the city perspective from the view of foreign tourists. The data collection method is a questionnaire, and that of data analysis is by using Amos 23 software; In order to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire, Gronbach's alpha was used, which is 0.89 for this questionnaire and indicates the acceptable reliability of the questionnaire. The method of factor analysis is confirmatory. Results Brand image is the closest step to brand formation. A brand image is a perception of the brand reflected in the customer's mind by brand associates. A brand image does not have to be an objective image. The study results indicate that Isfahan's brand image has the most role in Isfahan's tourism brand equity. Also, historical attractions, cultural attractions, and handicrafts sequentially show the Isfahan branding image from the perspective of foreign tourists. Conclusions The image of Isfahan tourist destination in foreign tourists' view is an image of a historical tourist destination. Historical landscape, natural landscape, and handicrafts in the case of Isfahan are considered competitive advantages; Especially the first one is a distinctive and unique feature of Isfahan compared to competing destinations. Improving and increasing the quality of the landscape affects the urban brand directly and has high power in attracting tourists and different investors. The urban landscape is one factor that greatly influences the urban brand and its development and progress.  }, keywords = {Tourism Brand,urban landscape,destination brand,landscape brand,landscape tourism}, title_fa = {تبیین تعامل ارزش ویژه برند گردشگری و منظر شهری از دید گردشگران خارجی، نمونه موردمطالعه ;کلانشهر اصفهان}, abstract_fa = {در مواجهه با رقابت‌پذیری فزاینده صنعت گردشگری، برند گردشگری مقصد به‌عنوان دارایی مهمی که هویت مقصد گردشگری را تعیین می‌کند، ظهور می‌یابد. ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺷﻬﺮی ﯾﮑﯽ از مهم­ترین ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺪ ﺷﻬﺮی تأثیر ﺑه ﺴﺰاﯾﯽ دارد زﯾﺮا آﻧﭽﻪ در اﺑﺘﺪا ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﻓﺮاد را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد ﺟﻠﺐ می‌کند، ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺷﻬﺮی اﺳﺖ و اوﻟﯿﻦ قضاوت‌ها را ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ در ذﻫﻦ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان اﯾﺠﺎد می‌کند. در این پژوهش با استفاده از مدل ارزش ویژه برند به اعتبارسنجی برند گردشگری اصفهان با تأکید بر منظر شهر از دید گردشگران خارجی می‌پردازیم. روش جمع‌آوری اطلاعات پرسشنامه و روش تحلیل اطلاعات با استفاده از نرم‌افزار "آموس" نسخه 23 و "اس پی اس اس" و روش تحلیل عاملی تأییدی است. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که تصویر برند اصفهان بیشترین نقش را در ارزش برند اصفهان دارد و منظر تاریخی و فرهنگی اصفهان معرف ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺪ اصفهان از دید گردشگران خارجی است.}, keywords_fa = {برند گردشگری,منظر شهری,برند مقصد,برند منظر,گردشگری منظر}, url = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_12520.html}, eprint = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_12520_153b47edc33717d26ae0ef2ff546c5d5.pdf} } @article { author = {Pourahmad, Ahmad and Farhudi, Rahmatollah and zangeneh shahraki, saeed and Shafaat Gharamaleki, Tahoura}, title = {Assessing the Tourism Capabilities of Historical Textures for Urban Regeneration (Case Study: Tabriz city)}, journal = {Tourism Management Studies}, volume = {16}, number = {53}, pages = {201-232}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Allameh Tabataba’i University}, issn = {2322-3294}, eissn = {2476-597X}, doi = {10.22054/tms.2021.50800.2293}, abstract = {Introduction The city is a familiar word that brings movement with itself. This endeavor follows a path that is sometimes growing and sometimes declining. The historical texture includes many spiritual, symbolic, and aesthetic dimensions, which at the same time represent areas that contain evidence of urban civilization because it reflects the identity of the city. Urban regeneration is an interdisciplinary approach and comprehensive and integrated measures to develop and improve economic, physical, social, and environmental sustainability in the conditions of residents. It has long-term and strategic goals to regenerate the city. There are different approaches to creating sustainable regeneration in cities. An approach can create sustainability for the city that can advance modernization in physical dimensions and lead to the sustainable economic, social, and cultural-identity performance of the texture. Regeneration with a tourism development approach can lead to tissue sustainability. Historical textures of cities, which are hidden treasures, sometimes become the lifeblood of cities and a problem for them. Consider integrated. The purpose of this study is to "evaluate the tourism capabilities of historical textures to regenerate in the city of Tabriz," and, to achieve this goal, we seek to answer the question, "What is the status of tourism capabilities in the historical texture of Tabriz to regenerate?" Materials and Methods The type of research in this article is applied, and its study method is descriptive-analytical. The field of research is the historical texture of Tabriz, and the statistical population is tourists of the historical texture of Tabriz. The questionnaire of tourists in three socio-cultural, physical, and environmental dimensions with 30 items was prepared to evaluate the research. The number of questionnaires for tourists is 384. In order to increase the accuracy, 390 questionnaires were distributed among tourists entering the tourist areas of the historical texture of Tabriz (museums, parks, hotels, etc.). Questionnaires were prepared with a 5-point Likert scale. The results were analyzed by SPSS software using the Chi-square test.   Discussion and Results In examining the independent characteristics of the study population concerning the subject, the distribution of tourists by gender includes 49.74% of men and 50.26% of women. The distribution of tourists by age indicates that young people are the most visitors to the historical texture of Tabriz. The distribution of tourists by job in the three groups of freelance, employee, and student has been a balanced distribution. The highest percentage of tourists in the historical texture were tourists aiming for leisure and recreational travel with 56.41%. The situation of tourism in the historical texture of Tabriz in socio-cultural, physical, and environmental dimensions is as follows: 1) Socio-cultural dimension: More than half of the respondents (90.5%) have chosen 'many' and 'very many' options and the tourism capabilities of the historical texture of Tabriz in order to regenerate the socio-cultural dimension from the perspective of tourists is in good condition; 2) Physical dimension: More than half of the respondents (96.2%) have chosen ‘medium’ to ‘very large’ options and the capabilities of the historical texture of Tabriz for tourism in order to regenerate the physical dimension are relatively favorable for tourists; 3) Environmental dimension: More than half of the respondents (95.1%) have chosen ‘medium’ to ‘very large’ options and the capabilities of the historical texture of Tabriz for tourism in order to regenerate the environmental dimension from their point of view is relatively favorable.   Conclusions The results indicate that the tourism capabilities of the historical texture of Tabriz so as to regenerate the socio-cultural dimension to the desired level, in the environmental and physical dimension to a relatively desirable level. For this purpose, for the development of tourism in order to regenerate the historical texture of Tabriz, physical and environmental strategies and policies should be given priority. If the development of tourism is purposeful, it will cause regeneration in the historical texture of Tabriz. Due to the existence of many historical attractions in the historical texture of Tabriz and the potential to attract tourists, in fact, strengthening and reviving tourism centers can be the driving force of urban regeneration in this area. If the development of tourism is not purposeful, it will destroy the structure of the texture, congestion, and traffic will cause hardship to the residents.}, keywords = {Urban Regeneration,Historical Texture,Tourism Development,Tabriz}, title_fa = {ارزیابی قابلیت‌های گردشگری بافت‌های تاریخی در جهت بازآفرینی شهری (مطالعه‌ی موردی: شهر تبریز)}, abstract_fa = {بافت‌های تاریخی گنجینه گران‌بهای شهرهایی هستند که نمود تمدن چندین هزارساله می‌باشند. گاهی این گنجینه‌ها آن‌گونه که باید موردتوجه قرار نمی‌گیرند و از بین می‌روند برای اینکه بافت‌ها به‌عنوان میراث باقی بمانند باید بتوان آن‌ها را غنا بخشید و به جهانیان معرفی نمود. هدف از پژوهش حاضر ارزیابی قابلیت‌های گردشگری بافت‌های تاریخی در جهت بازآفرینی شهری است که در پی پاسخ به این سؤال هستیم که «قابلیت‌های گردشگری بافت تاریخی شهر تبریز در جهت بازآفرینی در چه وضعیتی قرار دارد؟» برای پاسخ به این سؤال پس از شناسایی معیارها و شاخص‌های بازآفرینی شهری با رویکرد گردشگری در سه بعد اجتماعی- فرهنگی، کالبدی و زیست‌محیطی پرسشنامه‌ای برای ارزیابی قابلیت‌های گردشگری بافت تاریخی ازنظر گردشگران تنظیم گردید. نتایج از طریق نرم‌افزار "اس پی اس اس" و با کاربرد آزمون خی‌دو مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج حاکی از آن است که گردشگری بافت تاریخی تبریز در جهت بازآفرینی از بعد اجتماعی- فرهنگی در حد مطلوب، در بعد زیست‌محیطی و کالبدی در حد نسبتاً مطلوب است.}, keywords_fa = {بازآفرینی شهری,بافت تاریخی,توسعه گردشگری,تبریز}, url = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_12553.html}, eprint = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_12553_79b6c40ba9a17a39e4f36b62ea024791.pdf} } @article { author = {khalilnezhad, shahram and soleymanzadeh, omid and koraghli, marzie}, title = {The Subjective Typology of Tourists in terms of the Meaning of Tourism Destination (the Case: Shiraz City)}, journal = {Tourism Management Studies}, volume = {16}, number = {53}, pages = {233-264}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Allameh Tabataba’i University}, issn = {2322-3294}, eissn = {2476-597X}, doi = {10.22054/tms.2021.50852.2322}, abstract = {Abstract   This study aimed to identify the subjective typology of tourists in terms of the meanings of tourism destinations in Shiraz city. This study is applied research in terms of purpose and is descriptive in terms of method. Given the purpose of this research based on identifying the subjective typology, the Q method was used. The statistical population of the study consisted of individuals who had at least once traveled to Shiraz. The sampling method in this study was based on Purposive sampling. Data analysis was performed using Q factor analysis. The exploratory Q factor analysis process consists of two steps: extracting the factors and then rotating them so that they can be interpreted. The findings of this study identified seven subjective types for tourism destination meanings in Shiraz; these types of typology were as follows: enthusiasts, collectivists, adventurers, relaxation searchers, self-reflections, differentiators, and reminders. Finally, these extracted mentalities were interpreted. This research provided a practical approach for tourism destination managers and activists in this field and hospitality sector to segment the market based on the meaning of tourism destination. And then each of segment target and marketing plans design.}, keywords = {Tourist,subjective typology,Meaning,Tourism destination,Q methodology}, title_fa = {گونه‌شناسی ذهنی گردشگران از منظر معنای مقصد گردشگری (مورد مطالعه: شهر شیراز)}, abstract_fa = {این پژوهش با هدف شناخت گونه‌های ذهنی گردشگران از منظر معنای مقصد گردشگری در شهر شیراز بررسی شده است. این پژوهش ازنظر هدف، کاربردی و ازنظر روش، توصیفی است. با توجه به هدف این پژوهش مبتنی بر گونه‌شناسی ذهنی، روش کیو برای این منظور به کار گرفته می‌شود. جامعه ‌آماری پژوهش افرادی بوده‌اند که دست‌کم یک‌بار تجربه سفر به شهر شیراز را داشته‌اند. روش انتخاب نمونه در این پژوهش بر مبنای نمونه‌گیری هدفمند بوده است. برای تحلیل‌ داده‌ها از تحلیل عاملی کیو استفاده شده است. یافته‌های این پژوهش هفت گونه ذهنی برای معنای مقصد گردشگری در شهر شیراز را شناسایی کرده‌ است. این هفت نوع گونه‌شناسی عبارت‌اند از: لذت‌گرایان، جمع‌گرایان، ماجراجویان، آرامش‌طلبان، درون‌اندیشان، متمایزگران، یادکنندگان. درنهایت این ذهنیت‌های استخراج‌شده مورد تفسیر قرار گرفتند. این پژوهش به مدیران مقصد گردشگری برای بخش‌بندی بازار بر مبنای معنای مقصد گردشگری و هدف‌گیری آن فراهم می‌آورد.}, keywords_fa = {گردشگر,گونه‌شناسی ذهنی,معنا,مقصد گردشگری,روش‌شناسی کیو}, url = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_12521.html}, eprint = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_12521_2d15aea17d26734846712cf6eb3dae5d.pdf} } @article { author = {Soleymanian, sajed and Fanni, Zohreh}, title = {Assessing the Affecting Factors on Tourism in the Historical Context with the Approach of Culture- Base Regeneration (Case Study: Babolsar city)}, journal = {Tourism Management Studies}, volume = {16}, number = {53}, pages = {265-292}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Allameh Tabataba’i University}, issn = {2322-3294}, eissn = {2476-597X}, doi = {10.22054/tms.2021.51575.2301}, abstract = {One of the components of the regeneration projects is the expansion of cultural tourism and location marketing, which considers the existence of historical contexts as a platform for having historical-cultural values. Along with such an approach, preserving, reviving, and updating the spatial-physical, visual and aesthetic values of the ancient urban textures to make them desirable is discussed in this article. The city of Babolsar has been studied as one of the cities in Iran with touristic capability in the north of the country to evaluate the effective factors of tourism development in historical contexts. The study is applied research concerning purpose; The data collection method was quantitative using a questionnaire, and data analysis was conducted through multivariate regression test and path analysis. The research findings show that the re-creation of the basic culture is a factor in developing sustainable tourism in Babolsar and can be achieved by strengthening its factors (indigenous culture and local creative industries, art, traditional handicrafts, and preserving historical buildings). This study shows that the re-creation of cultural-historical contexts is closely related to the approach of urban tourism development in Iranian cities in general and in Babolsar in particular. At the same time, despite the unique opportunities of these structures, both in terms of physical and architectural attractions and historical rituals and traditions, the problems of tissue regeneration, severe shortages of tourism infrastructure, and limited and transient views of urban management can be the biggest obstacles to activating their capacities.}, keywords = {Culture-Based Regeneration,urban tourism,Historic texture,Babolsar City}, title_fa = {ارزیابی عوامل موثر بر گردشگری در بافت تاریخی با رویکرد بازآفرینی فرهنگ مبنا (محدوده مورد مطالعه: شهر بابلسر)}, abstract_fa = {یکی از اجزای طرح‌های بازآفرینی گسترش گردشگری فرهنگی و بازاریابی مکان است که موجودیت بافت‌های تاریخی را به‌عنوان بستر واجد ارزش‌های تاریخی-فرهنگی موردتوجه قرار می‌دهد. درکنار چنین رهیافتی، حفظ، احیا و به‌روزرسانی ارزش‌های فضایی-کالبدی، بصری و زیبایی شناسانه بافت‌های شهری کهن برای مطلوبیت بخشیدن به آن‌هاست که در این مقاله به آن پرداخته شده است. شهر بابلسر به‌عنوان یکی از شهرهای ایران با قابلیت گردشگری در شمال کشور در حوزه عوامل مؤثر توسعه گردشگری در بافت‌های تاریخی را موردمطالعه قرار گرفته است. لذا هدف پژوهش، کاربردی و روش گردآوری داده‌ها کمّی با بهره‌گیری از پرسشنامه بوده و تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها نیز از طریق آزمون رگرسیون چند متغیره و تحلیل مسیر انجام شده است. یافته‌های پژوهش بیانگر آن است که بازآفرینی فرهنگ مبنای بافت تاریخی شهر، عاملی در توسعه گردشگری پایدار شهر بابلسر است و از طریق تقویت عوامل مؤثر بر آن (فرهنگ بومی و صنایع خلاق محلی، هنر، صنایع‌دستی سنتی و حفظ ساختمان‌های تاریخی) تحقق‌پذیر است. همچنین بازآفرینی بافت‌ فرهنگی-تاریخی شهر با رویکرد توسعه گردشگری شهری در ایران به‌طور عام و در شهر بابلسر به‌ویژه ارتباط تنگاتنگی دارد. هم‌زمان باوجود فرصت‌های منحصربه‌فردی این بافت‌ها چه از منظر جاذبه‌های کالبدی و معماری و چه از منظر آیین‌ها و سنن تاریخی، مشکلات بازآفرینی بافت، کمبودهای شدید زیرساخت‌های گردشگری و دیدگاه‌های محدود و گذرای مدیریت شهری می‌توانند از بزرگ‌ترین موانع فعال‌سازی ظرفیت‌های آن‌ها در این زمینه باشند.}, keywords_fa = {بازآفرینی فرهنگ مبنا,گردشگری شهری,بافت تاریخی,بابلسر}, url = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_12522.html}, eprint = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_12522_72ead011223a5cb10f2cf834c49de1d7.pdf} } @article { author = {aseraei, mohamadbagher and rafiyan, mojtaba and arghan, abbas}, title = {Prioritization and Evaluation of Environmental Quality Indicators as seen by Tourists in Asara sector, Karaj-Chaloos Road Using MCDM (Multiple-Criteria Decision Making) Techniques}, journal = {Tourism Management Studies}, volume = {16}, number = {53}, pages = {293-330}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Allameh Tabataba’i University}, issn = {2322-3294}, eissn = {2476-597X}, doi = {10.22054/tms.2021.49439.2259}, abstract = {This study aimed to identify the most important touristic environmental quality indicators of the Asara District from tourists' perspective and emphasize the necessity of identifying the most important influential factors on the desired environmental quality. This study, according to purpose, is practical and descriptive-analytical research in terms of method. This study has benefitted from the multiple criteria decision-making models such as VIKOR, ELECTRE, SAW, and the Copeland model. The Evaluation and the prioritization showed seven influential factors Evaluating and prioritizing environmental quality. The factor related to the tourist attractions has the most effect on creating and improving environmental quality in the Asara District based on the tourists' point of view. Introduction Spending leisure time that includes tourism as one of its shapes is dependent on the two variables of Time and Space. The time factor as a variable gives different shapes to leisure time; also, The space factor has great importance in how leisure time is spent in a geographic sense. Consistent with this kind of development, tourism has a considerable impact on societies' environment, economy, and livelihood. In this regard, a proper environment is one of the fundamental factors and criteria in a tourist's destination, which can be explained based on certain parameters. Therefore, nowadays, in planning for rural and other areas, the improvement of the tourism environment quality within the framework of permanent development goals is of utmost importance. On the one hand, this will lay the groundwork for retaining rural populations and, on the other hand, help attract tourism to the rural destinations.  Materials and Methods Multiple criteria decision-making methods (MCDM) 2 consist of a wide array of mathematical technics used depending on the study's aims. Nowadays, The ELECTRE3, VIKOR4, and SAW technics, members of the MCDM family, have a special place in ranking different concepts in different fields of study. The main reasons for this could be the clear mathematical logic and also lack of performance problems. The chart below contains a summary of the models and technics used in this study.  Steps and Formulas Title and description Forming the decision matrix Unscaling the matrix Setting weights to the vector of criteria Making the right choice Simple additive weight (SAW): One of the multiple criteria decision making methods. It was first introduced in 1981 by Hwang and Yoon. In this method, also known as a weighted linear combination, after unscaling the decision matrix using the weight coefficient of the criteria, we'll have the unscaled weighted decision matrix, and the score for each choice will be based on this matrix. Unscaling the decision matrix Forming the unscaled weighted matrix with the assumed vector in the algorithm Forming symmetric and asymmetric matrices Calculating the effective asymmetric matrix with the threshold limit   ELECTRE: One of the most important prioritization methods and multiple criteria decision-making is used in problem-solving in decision-making. Forming the decision matrix Normalizing the decision matrix Weighting the normalized matrix Setting the maximum and minimum values of the weighted normalized matrix Setting the suitability index (s) and the resistance index (r) Calculating the value of Q and the final ranking   VIKOR: A multiple-criteria decision-making method developed to solve decision problems with conflicting and non-commensurable (different units) criteria.   Discussions and results This study focuses on the Evaluation and prioritization of tourists' points of view in the Asara District. Since the evaluated factors are based on the environment quality variables, the priorities and requirements of the tourists and environment to improve the environment quality can be identified. Besides the numerous advantages and capacities of this district for tourism development, there are also several obstacles. These obstacles are the incorrect reaction to trends, and the establishment of different activities has resulted in a sensitive and incompatible area full of environmental challenges. The environmental advantages are increasingly decreased, and the area is facing a concerning situation. The incorrect understanding of the nature of the land and a stable development model, and the leadership and controlling methods based on this false understanding are among the area's strategic challenges. The conducted evaluations on the quality of tourism services in the area show an array of problems and difficulties that have made it impossible to utilize the full potential of these tourism resources. A shortage of basic infrastructure (including public restrooms, drinking water, etc.), lack of unified management of the area, especially on holidays, are severely apparent. Lack of sanitary infrastructure and basic facilities has led the tourists to make camps and pitching tents on the margins of the river and road; this could lead to unpleasant consequences like the flooding of the Sijan village in the Asara district in July of 2015. Currently, lack of legal policymaking ( disagreement between political and legal leadership) resulting in an inability for unified legal planning has made the roadside and riverside into a garbage dump that threatens to pollute the Karaj River, the main source of drinking water for Tehran and Alborz provinces. Conclusions This study attempts to use different assessment tools to evaluate and prioritize the indicators. Hence, in terms of factors being assessed, each of 6 sub-factors, sub-parameters, and applying multiple criteria technics to get a practical and real-world assessment of the environmental quality of the district prioritized and evaluated from the tourists' point of view. Given the fact that tourism attraction aspects and the performance-structural criterion are prioritized here, it can be said that the visual and mental fields are of approximately the same importance to the tourists. In other words, environmental quality's impact on tourism development has been evaluated repeatedly, but a comprehensive study on assessment and prioritization of environmental quality criteria has not been conducted; this study has assessed this in a scientific method. As Marin and Taberner (2007)6 described, attention to the influential factors on environmental quality could reduce the dissatisfaction of tourists and prevent environmental destruction.}, keywords = {Prioritization,Environmental Quality,tourists,MCDM,Asara District}, title_fa = {اولویت بندی و سنجش مولفه های کیفیت محیط از دید گردشگران بر پایه تکنیک های MCDM(مطالعه موردی: بخش آسارا (محور کرج – چالوس)}, abstract_fa = {هدف پژوهش حاضر شناسایی مهم­ترین مولفه های کیفیت محیط گردشگری بخش آسارا از نگاه گردشگران می باشد و ضرورت شناسایی مهم­ترین عوامل اثرگذار بر کیفیت محیط مدنظر است. این پژوهش با توجه به هدف، کاربردی و از نظر روش، از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی- تحلیلی است. پژوهش فوق با بهره گیری از مدل‌های تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیاره ویکور الکتر،مجموع ساده وزنی و مدل کپلند انجام شده و آسارا از لحاظ سنجش و اولویت بندی کیفیت محیط از دیدگاه گردشگران با تأکید بر شاخص‌های هفتگانه رتبه‌بندی و اولویت‌بندی گردید. نتایج تحلیل و اولویت بندی کیفیت محیط منطقه نشان داد از میان شاخص های هفتگانه موثر بر سنجش و اولویت بندی کیفیت محیط براساس اوزان به دست آمده، شاخص مرتبط با جاذبه های گردشگری بیشترین میزان تاثیرگذاری را در ایجاد و بهبود کیفیت محیط بخش آسارا از دیدگاه گردشگران دارد.}, keywords_fa = {اولویت بندی,کیفیت محیط,گردشگران,MCDM,بخش آسارا}, url = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_12523.html}, eprint = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_12523_1fad7fafca27bfab6bfce45eacb5c472.pdf} } @article { author = {Colabi, Amir Mohammad}, title = {Designing Business Model in E-Tourism}, journal = {Tourism Management Studies}, volume = {16}, number = {53}, pages = {331-357}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Allameh Tabataba’i University}, issn = {2322-3294}, eissn = {2476-597X}, doi = {10.22054/tms.2021.47381.2217}, abstract = {In recent years, tourism has become a competitive industry in the world. Businesses have become more inclined to pursue new ways to gain a competitive advantage and more revenue. The best way to make progress in E-tourism is to design a business model. This research is applying mixed methods included both views of qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The study population was qualitatively ten experts in business models and e-tourism who were interviewed. The statistical population of the quantitative section consists of 279 E-tourism specialists. The research results were categorized to design a business model. The results show that the creation of Shared value, rules and regulations governing the industry, and organizational culture and agility have a positive and significant impact on the design of business models in the E-tourism industry. Introduction The tourism industry is growing rapidly and is experiencing extensive changes around the world. It has attracted special attention for the position in this industry, and many modifications and developments; so, the number of tourists has increased from 528 million in 2005 to 1.19 billion in 2015. It is predicted that the number of tourists in 2030 will reach more than 1.80 billion people, indicating a more competitive industry (Hamid et al., 2021). The tourism industry has a special place in helping sustainable development; in other words, tourism is the only development method in many countries. Therefore, in the highly competitive environment of this industry, companies active in the field of tourism are forced to provide new models to improve their competitive advantage (Colabi and Karimirad, 2020). Tourism companies have witnessed new developments and tried to adapt to new technologies by making fundamental changes. E-tourism is the use of information technology to provide the services needed by tourists and are services that tourists traditionally used in the past. E-tourism encompasses all business components, such as e-commerce, e-content production, research and development, and e-marketing (Pencarelli, 2020). The tourism industry is one of the most successful industries in the electronic market because it is a customer-centric industry in which services and information play a major role in the exchange process (Joo, 2002). Companies have to design a business model that shows how to create value for profit. The business model is a multidimensional concept that shows the value creation path of the company and depends on activities that maintain the dynamism and flexibility of the company over time (Reinhold et al., 2017). In general, the concept of business model is as the company's view to create value and commercialize it or how to create a company and value it; The design of the business model also determines how an organization communicates with its stakeholders and how it will react to environmental changes (Colabi, 2020). Designing dynamic and innovative business models based on new technologies is important in the tourism industry. On the other hand, it seeks to create innovation and create new ideas. Designing business models allows these companies to respond appropriately to changes and environmental dynamics. Despite many research articles on business models, the design of business models, especially in e-tourism, has received less attention and luck from researchers. Therefore, this study aims to present the components of the business model in the field of e-tourism in Iran in the form of a model. This study answers what pattern e-tourism follows and what are the main and secondary factors. Materials and Methods A mixed-method composed of the qualitative and quantitative parts has been applied for this study. In the qualitative part, content analysis and coding method, and in the quantitative part, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis have been done to identify the factors influencing the design of the business model. The research community in the qualitative sector includes people who specialize in designing business models, have also worked in the tourism industry. A number of these individuals were interviewed using purposive sampling (snowball sampling). Theoretical saturation was obtained after ten interviews. The statistical population in the quantitative part of the research is the managers and experts of tourism service companies in Tehran, 279 of whom were selected using Cochran's formula. In the qualitative part, data collection was performed in two stages: 1) the structure of the interview was designed using the study of library resources and authoritative articles, 2) the interviews were conducted using the structure of the previous stage. A semi-structured interview method was used, and the interviews were carried out to the stage of theoretical saturation. Dimensions affecting the design of the business model were identified using the interview text coding method, and a questionnaire was designed. Nine professors and experts approved the questionnaire. The most important data collection method was sending a researcher-made questionnaire extracted from qualitative research data and has been approved by experts and professors in this field. The research questionnaire consists of 22 questions in two sections of general and specialized questions. Demographic information has been asked in the general section, and in the specialized section, 19 questions related to the factors affecting the design of the business model have been asked. A Likert scale of five options has also been used to design the questionnaire, which is one of the most common measurement scales. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the fit of the proposed model. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed with Amos 22. Discussion and Results The tourism industry has undergone extensive changes around the world. This study aimed to design a business model in the field of e-tourism in Iran and test the designed model. Identification of factors was made through the study of texts and semi-structured interviews. The results show that the creation of shared value, prevailing laws and regulations, organizational culture and agility are the dimensions of the business model design in the e-tourism industry. Conclusions Creating shared value is the most effective dimension in designing a business model. Creating shared value is the link between competitive advantage and corporate social responsibility. When the weaknesses of society affect the organization's productivity, we deal with it by creating shared value for stakeholders.  Companies active in e-tourism are advised to solve social problems to increase productivity and competitive advantage in the company. This study shows that employee participation in profits, lean manufacturing operations and services, appropriate pricing and confidence building, and transparency and accountability affect business model design. In terms of industry rules and regulations, sustainable development and environmental protection laws, improving the quality of services, reducing the damage to tourist attractions, and social responsibility are effective. Creating a sense of social responsibility and adhering to the industry's rules and regulations helps to achieve organizational goals. Agility also plays an important role in developing information and communication space in designing a business model. In general, the lack of infrastructure for change and innovation in the business acquisition model will face challenges for the company. Therefore, branding, intelligent information systems, access to media systems and communication channels, sufficient financial, operational, and educational resources facilitate designing a business model. Given that today industries are facing severe crises and lack of flexibility in the business process causes them to withdraw from the arena of competition, pay attention to these dimensions in designing a business model to solve these issues.}, keywords = {Business Model,Business Model Design,E-tourism,Tourism Industry}, title_fa = {طراحی مدل کسب و کار در گردشگری الکترونیک}, abstract_fa = {در طی سال‌های اخیر گردشگری به صنعتی رقابتی در دنیا تبدیل شده است و کشورها برای کسب مزیت رقابتی و درآمد بیشتر متمایل به استفاده از ابزارهای جدید در این صنعت شده‌اند. امروزه یکی از بهترین را‌ه‌هایی که شرکت‌های گردشگری می‌توانند برای بهبود عملکرد در جهت توسعه پایدار در فضای الکترونیک به‌کارگیرند، طراحی مدل کسب‌وکار بر اساس مزیت‌های رقابتی شرکت‌ها است. رویکرد پژوهش، رویکرد آمیخته است که با استفاده از دو روش کیفی و کمی به جمع‌آوری و تحلیل داده‌ها می‌پردازد. نمونۀ آماری بخش کیفی شامل 10 نفر از افراد متخصص است. در بخش کمی داده‌های پژوهش از شرکت‌های خدمات گردشگری تهران با نمونه آماری 279 نفر گردآوری شده‌است. داده‌های حاصل از پرسشنامه با نرم‌افزار ایموس موردبررسی قرارگرفته است. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است که خلق ارزش مشترک، قوانین و مقررات حاکم بر صنعت، فرهنگ‌سازمانی و چابکی به ترتیب تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر طراحی مدل کسب‌وکار در بخش گردشگری الکترونیک را دارند.}, keywords_fa = {طراحی مدل کسب و کار,کارآفرینی سازمانی,گردشگری الکترونیک}, url = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_12526.html}, eprint = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_12526_51c2cf3bc243fc9ddc8a43f9b1acb18a.pdf} } @article { author = {rabiee mandejin, Mohamadreza and oroji, hassan and alizadeh, mohammad}, title = {Explaining the Development Model of Ecolodges System in Rural Areas (Case Study: Khalkhal County)}, journal = {Tourism Management Studies}, volume = {16}, number = {53}, pages = {359-392}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Allameh Tabataba’i University}, issn = {2322-3294}, eissn = {2476-597X}, doi = {10.22054/tms.2021.41163.2119}, abstract = {Introduction: Ecolodges are considered one of the basic elements in ecotourism, especially in ecotourism habitats and rural areas. Ecolodges have involved different components of the rural tourism system in the context of the origin and destination of tourism, and they have affected different dimensions of rural areas. The relationships between these components and their place in ecolodges can be defined and explained in the form of different models. Therefore, explaining these patterns and redefining the elements and factors of Ecolodges systems has an important role in the development of future ecolodges and the development of different dimensions of villages. Ardabil province, located in the cold region of northwest of the Iranian plateau, with its various factors such as the diversity of natural resources, hot mineral waters, and their healing properties, can be important in attracting tourists. Khalkhal county is also known as one of the potential eco-touristic areas of the province. However, the city's rural areas are known only as transit ecotourism areas and have not yet been identified as an ecotourism destination. Accordingly, ecolodges have been built in the past few years, only in a handful of villages such as Khums, Kazaj, and areas such as Aznav. In this regard, there is no proportionality between the villages. According to those mentioned earlier, this study's main aim was to explain and present a model for the development of ecolodges in rural areas; Khalkhal city as a suitable and compatible case study to identify the main factors selected in the development system of ecolodges in a destination Tourism. The main purpose of this study was to participate in the theoretical knowledge in the field of ecotourism resort development system. In order to present the future development model, first, the current status of the Ecolodges system in the city should be identified by identifying the main factors and categories influencing the ecotourism system and ecolodges in the region and then by analyzing the conceptual patterns and views and identifying the relationship between factors and Their effects provided an optimal model for the future development of ecolodges.   Materials and Methods: This research is applied type, and in terms of the nature of the data, it is quantitative-qualitative research. Research data were collected mainly through field methods, including structured interviews, group discussions, questionnaires, field observations and evaluations, library methods, and theoretical exploration. The study's statistical population to identify the factors and conceptual patterns governing the system of rural ecolodges in this county includes all experts in this field such as managers, entrepreneurs of ecolodges, and researchers familiar with the current situation of rural ecolodges. The statistical sample of the research is consciously selected. It includes four researchers with a history of research and field study in Khalkhal, four activists and entrepreneurs in the field of ecolodges in the region, and two administrative experts related to ecolodges and tourism in the city. Since this section has been analyzed through the Q analytical model, according to the limitations of elite and knowledgeable people, finally, ten experts were selected to evaluate and analyze this section. Inductive qualitative content analysis has also been used to identify and analyze the extensive components of ecolodges.   Discussion and Results: First, the effective factors in the development of ecolodges have been studied in Khalkhal city. Therefore, eight influential factors have been identified, which are very different in terms of effectiveness and importance. The first factor is the most important of all. This factor refers to ecotourism capabilities to build accommodation in most villages of the county. It has shown a relatively high level of public participation in tourism in most villages. The main manifestation of this partnership is the supply of handicrafts and indigenous rural products to tourists. Of course, the size and geographical location of the villages are also involved to some extent in this issue. Another important point concerning this factor is the lack of significant differences between Khalkhal villages regarding ecotourism capacity and infrastructure and services. However, this factor points to the fact that the relationship between rural ecolodges with each other and urban resorts is not very strong, and the weakness of rural management and publicity has fueled this issue. Then, the dominant thought patterns in the development of ecolodges were identified. There are only two thought patterns on the development of ecolodges in the ruling village, but the first model is much more important in terms of influence and importance. so as to explain more precisely the process and structure of rural ecolodges in Khalkhal city, the main concepts and categories have been identified through inductive qualitative content analysis, which includes entrepreneurial communication, strengthening public participation, and satisfaction People, lack of a definite model for ecolodges, the role of roads, human capital, weak government management, relative incompatibility between rural management and non-indigenous entrepreneurs, the role of non-indigenous forces, injecting ideas for ecolodges, hastily granting ecotourism permits and creating conflict It is exclusivism.   Conclusions: After analyzing the data and research results, the final optimal model is presented to develop rural ecotourism resorts in Khalkhal city. The main components of this model involve entrepreneurship and indigenous knowledge, non-indigenous ideas, ecotourism monopolization, attraction production, ecotourism acculturation, identification of holes and sensitive elements, creation of ecotourism complexes, ecotourism routing, ecotouristic cluster and network management, and regional network strategy. Eventually, the ecolodge system will move towards development, but a scenario needs to be developed for better management.}, keywords = {Ecotourism,ecolodges,Development of rural tourism,Khalkhal city}, title_fa = {تبیین مدل توسعه سیستم اقامتگاه‌های بوم‌گردی در مناطق روستایی (مورد مطالعه: شهرستان خلخال)}, abstract_fa = {یکی از مباحث مهم در حوزه اقامتگاه‌های بوم‌گردی، ارائه مدل مفهومی توسعه آتی اقامتگاه‌های بوم‌گردی است. این مدل‌ها بیان‌کننده ساختار سیستم اقامتگاه‌های بوم‌گردی و عوامل تأثیرگذار، روابط، قدرت و جایگاه هر یک از عوامل در سیستم بوم‌گردی است. شهرستان خلخال در استان اردبیل، از مناطق مستعد بوم‌گردی کشور است. ضعف الگوها و پیوندها در یک دهه گذشته یکی از دلایل ضعف اقامتگاه‌های بوم گردی در این شهرستان است؛ بنابراین در این پژوهش ضمن تبیین مقوله‌های سیستم اقامتگاه‌های بوم‌گردی، مدل بهینه توسعه آتی اقامتگاه‌های بوم‌گردی نیز ارائه شده است. برای این منظور داده‌های لازم از طریق مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی از نمونه آماری پژوهش که شامل پژوهشگران، مسئولین، مردم و کارآفرینان است، گردآوری‌شده و از طریق مدل تحلیلی کیو (Q)، عامل‌های اصلی و الگوهای فکری شناسایی و با روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی، مقوله‌های مؤثر تعیین شد. درنهایت پس از تحلیل نتایج، مدل توسعه آتی، ارائه شد که این مدل شامل برهمکنشی از مجموعه عوامل و مؤلفه‌های مؤثر بر توسعه اقامتگاه‌های بوم گردی است.}, keywords_fa = {بوم‌گردی,اقامتگاه بوم‌گردی,توسعه گردشگری روستایی,شهرستان خلخال}, url = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_12531.html}, eprint = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_12531_fe30bef0a136c2cee56f6803cb1d1386.pdf} } @article { author = {Pourang, Nahid and Pourang, Ali and Ghayour Baghbani, Seyed Morteza}, title = {Presentation Interpretive Structural Model of Destination-Based Factors Affecting the Attraction and Tourists Length of Stay (Case Study: Mashhad City)}, journal = {Tourism Management Studies}, volume = {16}, number = {53}, pages = {393-430}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Allameh Tabataba’i University}, issn = {2322-3294}, eissn = {2476-597X}, doi = {10.22054/tms.2021.36648.2212}, abstract = {Abstract The main purpose of the present study was to classify destination-based factors affecting attracting tourists and their length of stay in Mashhad and provide interpretive structural modeling and clustering of these factors to assist tourism industry executives in this metropolis for optimal planning. A qualitative approach has been used to achieve this goal. Experts' opinions on the factors that could influence attracting tourists and their length of stay in Mashhad were collected through semi-structured interviews and questionnaire distribution. MICMAC analysis is used to classify the elements and validate the interpretive structural model factors in the study to reach their results and conclusions. The results show that "legal and governmental," and "managerial" aspects as driver factors have a great influence on "welfare," "infrastructural," "economical," "socio-cultural," and "marketing" ones as related factors.}, keywords = {Tourism attraction,Tourist’s Length of Stay,Destination-Based Factors,Interpretive structural model,Clustering Factors}, title_fa = {ارائه الگوی ساختاری تفسیری عوامل مقصدمحور موثر بر جذب و ماندگاری گردشگران (مطالعه موردی: شهر مشهد)}, abstract_fa = {امروز گردشگری از اهمیت بالایی در اقتصاد جهانی برخوردار بوده و از منابع مهم درآمدهای ارزی کشورها و برون‏رفت از مشکلات اقتصادی در صحنه‏های بین‏المللی، ملی، منطقه‏ای، ناحیه‏ای و محلی است. کلان‏شهر مشهد، به دلیل وجود بارگاه مقدس امام رضا (ع) و دارا بودن جاذبه‏های متنوع دیگر،‌ پتانسیل و ظرفیت قابل‌توجهی در جذب گردشگران دارد. ازآنجایی‌که برنامه‏ریزی و ارزیابی صنعت گردشگری، مهم‌ترین بخش از فعالیت‏های گردشـگری اسـت و بسیاری از محققین معتقدند میزان اثرات مثبت گردشگری بر جوامع به طول اقامت گردشگران وابسته است؛ بنابراین هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر سطح‏بندی عوامل مقصدمحور مؤثر بر جذب و ماندگاری گردشگر در شهر مشهد و ارائه الگوی ساختاری تفسیری و خوشه‏بندی این عوامل به‌منظور کمک به متولیان صنعت گردشگری در این کلان‏شهر در جهت برنامه‏ریزی مطلوب‏تر است. به‌منظور دستیابی به این هدف از رویکرد کیفی بهره گرفته شده است. بدین ترتیب که نظرات خبرگان در ارتباط با سطح‏بندی عواملی که می‏توانند بر جذب و ماندگاری گردشگران در شهر مشهد مؤثر باشند، طی مصاحبه‏های نیمه ساختار‏یافته و همچنین توزیع پرسشنامه جمع‏آوری شده و پس از تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‏های حاصل و دستیابی به اشباع نظری، الگوی تعاملات عوامل حاصل با روش مدل‏سازی ساختاری تفسیری و خوشه‏بندی آن‌ها نیز با روش MICMAC انجام پذیرفت. نتایج نشان می‏دهد که عوامل «قانونی و دولتی» و «مدیریتی» به‌عنوان عوامل محرک تأثیر فراوانی بر عوامل «رفاهی»، «زیرساختی»، «اقتصادی»، «فرهنگی اجتماعی» و «بازاریابی» به‌عنوان عوامل پیوندی دارند.}, keywords_fa = {جذب گردشگر,طول مدت اقامت گردشگر,عوامل مقصدمحور,الگوی ساختاری تفسیری,خوشه‏بندی عوامل}, url = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_12524.html}, eprint = {https://tms.atu.ac.ir/article_12524_54af5efcc4944cfe57dc8f2c7d34be33.pdf} }