Mahla Rezaei; Esmaeil Ghaderi
Abstract
The aim of this study is to present a systematic model of the application of smart technologies in pilgrimage destinations. The research was conducted using a meta-synthesis method based on the Sandelowski and Barroso protocol. For this purpose, 18 peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2025 ...
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The aim of this study is to present a systematic model of the application of smart technologies in pilgrimage destinations. The research was conducted using a meta-synthesis method based on the Sandelowski and Barroso protocol. For this purpose, 18 peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2025 were selected from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The findings indicate that the application of smart technologies can be categorized into three levels: micro, meso, and macro. At the micro level, technology facilitates travel, personalizes experiences, and enhances pilgrim satisfaction, while potentially weakening spiritual aspects and individualizing pilgrimage practices. At the meso level, technology functions as an essential tool for crowd management, safety enhancement, and service improvement. At the macro level, it can support economic development, equitable access, and transnational interactions, but may also alter the essence of pilgrimage and diminish its spiritual dimensions.
Sustainable development of tourism
Abbas Nazari; Mehdi Karoubi; Esmaeil Ghaderi
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of proposing a model for designing war tourism accommodation centers with an emphasis on the values of the Sacred Defense. This research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative with an exploratory approach. Data were collected and analyzed using thematic ...
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The present study was conducted with the aim of proposing a model for designing war tourism accommodation centers with an emphasis on the values of the Sacred Defense. This research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative with an exploratory approach. Data were collected and analyzed using thematic analysis. The participant group included experts and experienced individuals in the field of war tourism, relevant managers, university professors active in this area, war-tour guides, and narrators of war memorial sites. A total of 18 participants were selected through purposeful sampling, and interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached. T The findings identified five main categories influencing the development of war tourism accommodation centers based on the values of the Sacred Defense: infrastructural factors, managerial factors, value-based factors, education and awareness-raising, and environmental factors.
Sociology of tourism
Seyed Mojtaba Mahmoudzadeh; Esmaeil Ghaderi; Danial Khalaj
Abstract
The present research was conducted with the aim of knowing the motivational factors affecting the demand for literary tourism in Iran by using the theory of push and pull motivational factors, the ranking of the motivational factors affecting the demand for literary tourism, has been discussed.This research ...
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The present research was conducted with the aim of knowing the motivational factors affecting the demand for literary tourism in Iran by using the theory of push and pull motivational factors, the ranking of the motivational factors affecting the demand for literary tourism, has been discussed.This research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the data. The main tool for data collection was a questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed among the domestic and foreign literary tourists, using non-probability random sampling.The results of the surveys showed that the driving factors, the highest average is related to psychological factors. Among the tensile factors, the highest average is associated to intangible factors. In general, psychological factors have the highest average and search factors, intangible factors, tangible factors, physical factors and social interactions have the next ranks respectively.
Zohreh Dehdashti; Vahid Nasehifar; Esmaeil Ghaderi; Afra Shoaran
Abstract
AbstractWith the advent of the sharing economy, peer-to-peer accommodations around the world have had much success. These accommodations offer benefits such as low prices and a variety of services. One of the ways that tourist-friendly countries have exploited the potential of these accommodations and ...
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AbstractWith the advent of the sharing economy, peer-to-peer accommodations around the world have had much success. These accommodations offer benefits such as low prices and a variety of services. One of the ways that tourist-friendly countries have exploited the potential of these accommodations and can help these accommodations to operate more successfully is to use the potential of tourist co-creation. On the other hand, in recent years, special attention has been paid to the consumption experience in the hospitality industry. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present a new model using related literature, including the dimensions, determinants, and consequences of the co-creation experience of tourists in peer-to-peer accommodations. For this purpose, the seven-step meta-synthesis method established by Sandelowski and Barroso was used. Sixty-three qualitative articles were identified and analyzed using the thematic analysis method. The results identified the six dimensions of control, learning, connection, personalization, authenticity, and autonomy as dimensions of the co-creation experience. Also, factors related to the host, factors related to the customer, factors related to other customers and the local community, factors related to technology, and factors related to the accommodation were identified as determinants and variables of functional value, cost value, social value, and experiential value were identified as consequences.IntroductionThe country's hospitality industry is severely short of hotels. Many hotels are of low quality and demand high prices because there are no subsidies for hotels, and they are not occupied in all seasons. Also, the complex process of obtaining a construction permit, lack of necessary facilities, and payment of taxes and duties make the return of capital difficult and have reduced the motivation and desire of investors to build a hotel. In addition, hotels do not meet the needs of tourists to socialize and gain experience of local life due to their many restrictions and standard products. Given these problems of hotels and the high need for investment in hotels, and the limited government budget for investment, it is inevitable to use other methods to create accommodation facilities. One is to convert houses or part of houses into accommodation at a meager cost for the private sector or the government. The main problem with these accommodations in our country is that the owners of these accommodations, who are non-professionals and have yet to receive the necessary training, sometimes provide hospitality services in addition to their main job to earn more money, with new ways to satisfy tourists. One of how tourist-friendly countries have solved this problem and can help these resorts to operate more successfully is by taking advantage of the potential of tourist co-creation.On the other hand, in recent years, special attention has been paid to the consumption experience in the tourism industry. Recent research results emphasize the role of tourists in creating new and creative ideas for the growth of the tourism market. In Iran, however, this vital factor, unlike other tourist countries in the world, is not seen as a strategic opportunity for growth. Therefore, this research modeled the customer co-creation experience in peer-to-peer accommodations.Materials and MethodsThis research used the meta-synthesis method to synthesize previous qualitative studies. In this study, the seven-step meta-synthesis method established by Sandelowski and Barroso was used, and thematic analysis was used to analyze the sample texts in the meta-synthesis method.Discussion and ResultsSix dimensions of control, learning, connection, personalization, authenticity, and autonomy were identified as dimensions of the co-creation experience. Also, variables of host-related factors, customer-related factors, factors related to other customers and the local community, technology-related factors, and accommodation-related factors were identified as determinants of the co-creation experience—moreover, functional value, cost value, social value, and experiential value as consequences.ConclusionsThe control dimension is one of the dimensions of the co-creation experience resulting from meta-synthesis analysis. The theoretical basis behind this result is the theory of self-efficacy. Customers participate in the co-creation process because they expect to increase self-efficacy. Another dimension of the co-creation experience is personalization. The theoretical foundations behind this result are theories of self-efficacy and self-image. Control affects all aspects of human interaction, so customers' search for a personalized online environment can be driven by their desire for control, and self-expression is an essential motivator for individuals to create. The learning dimension is another dimension of co-creation. The theoretical foundations behind this result are active and experiential learning theories. Theoretical foundations behind the concept of authenticity, as one of the dimensions of the co-creation experience, are existential authenticity and self-determination theories. While existential authenticity is a way in which tourists create their own identity to experience a more authentic sense of self by creating holiday activities, according to the theory of self-determination, intrinsically motivated behaviors are not alien and are original because they are self-determined. Connection means customers' access to information and social relationships with actors involved in the consumption experience. According to the self-determination theory, the three basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and connection are the basis of the logic of behaviors. The last dimension is autonomy. According to the self-determination theory, autonomy refers to a person's sense of freedom and emphasizes intrinsic motivation. Unlike the traditional consumption process, co-creation involves autonomous activities with different actors.IntroductionThe country's hospitality industry is severely short of hotels. Many hotels are of low quality and demand high prices because there are no subsidies for hotels, and they are not occupied in all seasons. Also, the complex process of obtaining a construction permit, lack of necessary facilities, and payment of taxes and duties make the return of capital difficult and have reduced the motivation and desire of investors to build a hotel. In addition, hotels do not meet the needs of tourists to socialize and gain experience of local life due to their many restrictions and standard products. Given these problems of hotels and the high need for investment in hotels, and the limited government budget for investment, it is inevitable to use other methods to create accommodation facilities. One is to convert houses or part of houses into accommodation at a meager cost for the private sector or the government. The main problem with these accommodations in our country is that the owners of these accommodations, who are non-professionals and have yet to receive the necessary training, sometimes provide hospitality services in addition to their main job to earn more money, with new ways to satisfy tourists. One of how tourist-friendly countries have solved this problem and can help these resorts to operate more successfully is by taking advantage of the potential of tourist co-creation.On the other hand, in recent years, special attention has been paid to the consumption experience in the tourism industry. Recent research results emphasize the role of tourists in creating new and creative ideas for the growth of the tourism market. In Iran, however, this vital factor, unlike other tourist countries in the world, is not seen as a strategic opportunity for growth. Therefore, this research modeled the customer co-creation experience in peer-to-peer accommodations.Materials and MethodsThis research used the meta-synthesis method to synthesize previous qualitative studies. In this study, the seven-step meta-synthesis method established by Sandelowski and Barroso was used, and thematic analysis was used to analyze the sample texts in the meta-synthesis method.Discussion and ResultsSix dimensions of control, learning, connection, personalization, authenticity, and autonomy were identified as dimensions of the co-creation experience. Also, variables of host-related factors, customer-related factors, factors related to other customers and the local community, technology-related factors, and accommodation-related factors were identified as determinants of the co-creation experience—moreover, functional value, cost value, social value, and experiential value as consequences.ConclusionsThe control dimension is one of the dimensions of the co-creation experience resulting from meta-synthesis analysis. The theoretical basis behind this result is the theory of self-efficacy. Customers participate in the co-creation process because they expect to increase self-efficacy. Another dimension of the co-creation experience is personalization. The theoretical foundations behind this result are theories of self-efficacy and self-image. Control affects all aspects of human interaction, so customers' search for a personalized online environment can be driven by their desire for control, and self-expression is an essential motivator for individuals to create. The learning dimension is another dimension of co-creation. The theoretical foundations behind this result are active and experiential learning theories. Theoretical foundations behind the concept of authenticity, as one of the dimensions of the co-creation experience, are existential authenticity and self-determination theories. While existential authenticity is a way in which tourists create their own identity to experience a more authentic sense of self by creating holiday activities, according to the theory of self-determination, intrinsically motivated behaviors are not alien and are original because they are self-determined. Connection means customers' access to information and social relationships with actors involved in the consumption experience. According to the self-determination theory, the three basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and connection are the basis of the logic of behaviors. The last dimension is autonomy. According to the self-determination theory, autonomy refers to a person's sense of freedom and emphasizes intrinsic motivation. Unlike the traditional consumption process, co-creation involves autonomous activities with different actors.
